Preferensi ideologi dan perilaku politik pemilih pada Pilpres 2019: Asosiasi antara openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, dan otoritarianisme sayap kanan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor kepribadian openness to experience, conscientiousness, dan agreeableness dengan otoritarianisme sayap kanan menggunakan Skala Big Five Inventory (BFI) dan Skala Very Short Authoritarianism (VSA). Penelitian ini juga berupaya mengetahui perbedaan kedua kelompok pemilih Pilpres 2019 ditinjau dari empat variabel tersebut. Partisipan penelitian adalah pemilih berusia 18 – 55 tahun dari 23 provinsi di Indonesia (N = 418). Peneliti melakukan analisis korelasi Spearman untuk menguji hubungan tiga faktor kepribadian dengan otoritarianisme sayap kanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor kepribadian yang paling berkorelasi dengan OSK adalah openness (r = -.166, p < .001), diikuti oleh agreeableness (r = .141, p = .004), dan conscientiousness (r = .136, p = .005). Selain itu, uji beda Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok pemilih Jokowi – Amin dan Prabowo – Sandi ditinjau dari faktor OSK (u = 13604, p = .030, Cohen’s d = -.227), tetapi tidak ada perbedaan jika ditinjau dari faktor kepribadian (u = 15546, p = .983, Cohen’s d = .012; u = 15436, p = .899, Cohen’s d = -.026; u = 15522, p = .965, Cohen’s d = -.044). Hasil penelitian ini secara umum mengonfirmasi temuan-temuan sebelumnya sekaligus berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang hubungan kepribadian dengan ideologi dan perilaku politik. Pembahasan menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang menjelaskan temuan penelitian, keterbatasan penelitian, serta implikasi praktis untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
This study aims to see the relationship between openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness with right-wing authoritarianism using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Very Short Authoritarianism scale (VSA). This study also seeks to know the differences between two groups of voters for the 2019 presidential election in terms of those four variables. The study participants were voters aged 18 - 55 years from 23 provinces in Indonesia (N = 418). Author used Spearman's correlation analysis to examine the relationship between three personality factors and right-wing authoritarianism. The results showed the personality factors most correlated with RWA were openness (r = -.166, p < .001), followed by agreeableness (r = .141, p = .004), and conscientiousness conscientiousness (r = .136, p = .005). In addition, the Mann-Whitney test shows a significant difference between the Jokowi - Amin and Prabowo - Sandi voter groups in terms of RWA (u = 13604, p = .030, Cohen’s d = -.227), but no difference was found based on personality factors (uOp = 15546, p = .983, Cohen’s d = .012; uCo = 15436, p = .899, Cohen’s d = -.026; uAg = 15522, p = .965, Cohen’s d = -.044). These results generally confirm previous findings and at the same time contribute to a better understanding of personality’s relation to political ideology and behavior. Discussion showed several factors to explain the research findings, limitations of the current study, and practical implications for future studies.
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References
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Denny, K., & Doyle, O. (2008). Political interest, cognitive ability and personality: Determinants of voter turnout in Britain. British Journal of Political Science, 38(2), 291–310.
Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 33, p. 41-113). Academic Press.
Duckitt, J. (2009). Authoritarianism and dogmatism. In M. Leary & R. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 298-317). Guilford Press.
Duckitt, J., Bizumic, B., Krauss, S. W., & Heled, E. (2010). A tripartite approach to right-wing authoritarianism: The authoritarianism-conservatism-traditionalism model. Political Psychology, 31(5), 685-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00781.x
Duckitt, J., & Sibley, P. (2009). A dual-process motivational model of ideology, politics, and prejudice. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 98-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400903028540
Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual-process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.83.1.75
Duriez, B., & Van Hiel, A. (2002). The march of modern fascism: A comparison of social dominance orientation and authoritarianism. Personality and Individual Differences. 32(7), 1199–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00086-1
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Fionna, U., & Hutchinson, F. E. (2019). Indonesia’s 2019 elections: A fractured democracy? Asian Affairs, 50(4), 502-519. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2019.1672400
Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Doherty, D., & Dowling, C. M. (2011). The Big Five personality traits in the political arena. Annual Review of Political Science, 14, 265–287.
Goldberg, L. R., & Rosolack, T. K. (1994). The Big Five factor structure as an integrative framework: An empirical comparison with Eysenck’s PEN model. In C. F. Halverston, Jr., G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 7-35). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the big-five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Hadiz, V. R. (2017, Oktober). Behind Indonesia’s illiberal turn. New Mandala. https://www.newmandala.org/indonesia-illiberal/
Hadiz, V. R. (2018). Imagine all the people? Mobilising Islamic populism for right-wing politics in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(4), 566-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2018.1433225
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Heaven, P. C. L., & Bucci, S. (2001). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and personality: An analysis using the IPIP measure. European Journal of Personality, 15(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.389
Heinze, E. (2016) Hate speech and democratic citizenship. Oxford University Press.
Heywood, A. (2015). Key concepts in politics and international relations. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia. (2010). Kode etik psikologi Indonesia. Pengurus Pusat Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia.
Hirsh, J. B., Xu, X., DeYoung, C. G., & Peterson, J. B. (2010). Compassionate liberals and polite conservatives: Associations of agreeableness with political ideology and moral values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(5), 655-664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210366854
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five inventory versions 4a and 54. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 102-138). Guilford Press.
Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 651-670.
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339-375.
Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 126-136.
Karim, A. G. (2019). Mengelola polarisasi politik dan sirkulasi kekuasaan di Indonesia: Catatan bagi agenda riset. POLITIKA Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 10(2), 215-228. https://10.14710/politika.10.2.2019.215-228
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Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to hate: Social media, algorithmic enclaves, and the rise of tribal nationalism in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 49(3), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2017.1341188
Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil agreement: How politics became our identity. University of Chicago Press.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the Five-Factor Model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 51-87). Guilford Press.
Mhaka, T. (2020, 13 Oktober). Joe Biden’s America is a dangerous myth. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2020/10/13/joe-bidens-america-is-a-dangerous-myth
Minkov, M., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Schachner, M. (2019). A test of a new short Big-Five tool in large probabilistic samples from 19 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 151, 109519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109519
Mondak, J. J., & Halperin, K. D. (2008). A framework for the study of personality and political behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 38(2), 335–362.
Nachar, N. (2008). The Mann-Whitney U: A test for assessing whether two independent samples come from the same distribution. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.04.1.p013.
Nicol, A. A. M., & De France, K. (2016). The big five’s relation with the facets of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 320–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.062
Palmer, C. L. (2014). The prejudiced personality? Using the Big Five to predict susceptibility to stereotyping behavior. American Political Science Association 2014 Annual Meeting Paper. American Political Science Association. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2455759
Pernet, C. (2015). Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial. F1000Research, 4, 621. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6963.3
Perry, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2012). Big Five personality prospectively predicts social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.009
Polarisasi Jokowi-Prabowo ancam demokrasi? (2018, 13 November). PinterPolitik. https://pinterpolitik.com/polarisasi-jokowi-prabowo-ancam-demokrasi/
Purwanto. (2015). Politik identitas dan resolusi konflik transformatif. Jurnal Review Politik, 5(1).
Renaldi, E., & Ibrahim, F. (2019, 17 Februari). Pilpres 2019 picu konflik agama dan perpecahan keluarga. Mata Mata Politik. https://www.matamatapolitik.com/news-x-pilpres-2019-picu-konflik-agama-dan-perpecahan-keluarga/
Roberts, B. W., Chernyshenko, O. S., Stark, S., & Goldberg, L. R. (2005) The structure of conscientiousness: An empirical investigation based on seven major personality questionnaires. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 103-139. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00301.x
Sibley, C. G., & Duckitt, J. (2008). Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 248–279.
Sibley, C. G., & Duckitt, J. (2010). The personality bases of ideology: A one-year longitudinal study. Journal of Social Psychology, 150, 540–559.
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Published
2022-04-30
How to Cite
NUGROHO, Agrhashakara Tegarpandhiga; TOBING, David Hizkia; SUPRIYADI, Supriyadi.
Preferensi ideologi dan perilaku politik pemilih pada Pilpres 2019: Asosiasi antara openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, dan otoritarianisme sayap kanan.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 71-83, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/71305>. Date accessed: 16 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2022.v09.i01.p08.
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