PERBEDAAN TARAF EFIKASI DIRI DITINJAU DARI KEIKUTSERTAAN DALAM LATIHAN YOGA PADA REMAJA AKHIR MAHASISWA INSTITUT HINDU DHARMA NEGERI DENPASAR
Abstract
Efikasi diri merupakan kemampuan yang penting dimiliki remaja akhir sebagai penunjang keberhasilan dalam pemenuhan tugas perkembangan dan kesiapan menghadapi masa dewasa. Taraf efikasi diri dapat ditingkatkan maupun diturunkan, salah satu aspek yang memengaruhi efikasi diri adalah kondisi fisiologis dan suasana hati. Yoga merupakan salah satu aktivitas yang memiliki kaitan dengan kondisi fisiologis dan suasana hati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan taraf efikasi diri antara remaja akhir yang mengikuti latihan yoga dengan yang tidak mengikuti latihan yoga. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja akhir berusia 18-22 tahun yang merupakan mahasiswa Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan skala efikasi diri dengan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha (? = 0,911). Analisis uji beda Independent Sample T-Test menunjukkan koefisien T-test 4,454 dengan signifikansi 0,000 (p < 0,05). Dengan demikian dapat disebutkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan taraf efikasi diri yang signifikan antara remaja akhir mahasiswa Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar yang mengikuti latihan yoga dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mengikuti latihan yoga.
Kata kunci : Efikasi diri, remaja akhir, yoga
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Armbrust, W., Lelieveld, O. H., Tuinstra, J., Wulffraat, N. M., Bos, G. J., Cappon, J., dkk. (2016). Fatigue in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Relationship to perceived health, physical health, self-efficacy, and participation. Pediatric Rheumatology, 1-9. Doi:10.1186/s12969-016-0125-1
Anggai, A. I. (2015). Hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan perilaku berisiko terhadap kesehatan pada remaja. (Skripsi). Jawa Tengah: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Arora, S., & Bhattacharjee, J. (2008). Modulation of immune responses in stress by yoga. International Journal of Yoga, 1(2), 45-55. Doi:10.4103/0973-6131.43541
Azwar, S. (2013). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Azwar, S. (2014). Reliabilitas dan validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Azwar, S. (2015). Penyusunan skala psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2010). Profil kriminalitas remaja 2010. Diunduh dari: https://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publi-kasi/profil-kriminalitas-remaja-2010.pdf
Bandura, A. (1997). Self Efficacy the exercise of control. New York: W.H Freeman and Company.
Bandura, A. (2005). Adolescent development from an agentic perspective. Dalam F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy and adolescents (hal. 1-43). United States of America: Information Age Publishing.
Bijlani, R. L. (2004). Understanding medical physiology a textbook for medical students third edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical PublisherButzer, B., Ahmed, K., & Khalsa, S. B. (2016). Yoga enhances positive psychological states in young adult musicians. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 41(2), 191-202. Doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9321-x
Daly, L., Haden, S., Hagins, M., Papouchis, N., & Ramirez, P. (2015). Yoga and emotion regulation in high school students: A randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8 pages. Doi:10.1155/2015/794928
Dehganfar, H., Alicheshmealaee, M., & Noorbakhs, M. (2014). The effect of yoga training on stress and self-esteem and its relation to emotional intelligence. Journal of Research in Applied Sciences, 1(5), 109-112.
Dwitantyanov, A., Hidayati, F., & Sawitri, D. (2010). Pengaruh pelatihan berpikir positif pada efikasi diri akademik mahasiswa (Studi eksperimen pada mahasiswa fakultas psikologi undip semarang). Jurnal Psikologi Undip, Vol. 8, No.2, 135-141.
Erikson, E.H. 1968. Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton & CompanyFeuerstein, G., & Payne, L. (2010). Yoga for Dummies 2nd Edition. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Feuerstein, G., & Payne, L. (2010). Yoga for dummies 2nd edition. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Fuhrmann, B.S. (1990). Adolescence. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Gharetepeh, A., Safari, Y., Pashaei, T., Razaei, M., & Kajbaf, M. B. (2015). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of medical sciences. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 3(2), 50-55.
Gupta, S. R., & Kolasinski, S. L. (2008). Mind-Body therapies in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Dalam B. N. De Luca, Mind-Body and relaxation research focus (hal. 72-79). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Hanem, A., Ahmed, & Elmasari, Y. (2011). Effect of self awareness education on the self efficacy and sociotropy autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatry clinic. Life Science Journal, 8(2), 853-855.
Hawk, C., & Evans, W. (2013). Health promotion and wellness : An evidece-based guide to clinical preventive services. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Het, S., & Wolf, O. T. (2007). Mood changes in response to psychosocial stress in healthy young women: Effects of pretreatment with cortisol. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121(1), 11-20. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.11
Holcombe, K. (2012, June 15). Breathe easy: Relax with pranayama. Dipetik February 25, 2016, dari Yoga Journal: http://www.yogajournal.com/article/practice-section/heal-ing-breath/
Kee, J. C., & Hayes, E. R. (1994). Farmakologi pendekatan proses keperawatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Kinasih, A. S. (2010). Pengaruh latihan yoga terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup. Buletin Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, 18(1), 1-12.
Kompas. (2013, November 18). Inovasi remaja yang membuat decak kagum.Diunduh dari:sains.kompas.com:http://sains.kompas.com/read/2013/11/18/1010241/Inovasi.Remaja.yang.Membuat.Decak.Kagum
Kompas. (2016). Buwas: Pengguna narkoba di Indonesia meningkat hingga 5,9 juta orang. Diunduh dari: http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/01/11/14313191/ Buwas.Pengguna.Narkoba.di.Indonesia.Meningkat.hingga.5.9.Juta.Orang
Kurniawati, S., & Atamimi, N. (2015). Perbedaan kecerdasan emosional pada remaja yang mengikuti dan tidak mengikuti kelas yoga. (Skripsi). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Unversitas Gadjah Mada.
LIPI. (2015, Mei 18). Remaja indonesia berjaya di ajang intel international science and engineering fair (IISEF) 2015. Diunduh dari: infokompetisi.lipi.go.id: http://infokompe-tisi.lipi.go.id/remaja-indonesia-berjaya-di-ajang-intel-inter-national-science-and-engineering-fair-iisef-2015/
Liputan6. (2016). Skripsi ditolak dan diputus pacar, mahasiswa Jaksel gantung diri. Diunduh dari: http://news.liputan6.com/read/2563051/skripsi-ditolak-dan-diputus-pacar-mahasiswa-jaksel-gantung-diri
Mahajan, A. (2014). Role of yoga in hormonal homeostasis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 1(3), 173-178. Doi:10.4103/2348-8093.143474
Marefat, M., Peymanzad, H., & Alikhajeh, Y. (2011). The study of the effect of yoga exercises on addicts depression and anxiety in rehabilitation period. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Science 30, 1496-1497. Doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.289
McCall, T. B. (2007). Yoga as medicine : the yogic prescription for health and healig : A yoga journal book. United States of America: Bantam Dell.
Medrano, L. A., Flores-Kanter, E., Moretti, L., & Pereno, G. L. (2016). Effects of induction of positive and negative emotional states on academic self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Psicologia Educative, 22(2), 135-141.
Muris, P. (2002). Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 19 (2), 337.
Netz, Y., & Lidor, R. (2003). Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. Journal of Psychology, 137, 405-419. Doi:10.1080/00223980309600624
Noggle, J. J., Steiner, N. J., Minami, T., & Khalsa, S. B. (2012). Benefits of yoga for psychosocial well-being in a US high school curriculum: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 193-201.
Noviarahmah, J. H. (2016). Hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan efikasi diri pada atlet panjat tebing saat menghadapi pertandingan. (Skripsi). Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gunadharma. Rastegar, M., & Memarpour, S. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among Iranian EFL teachers. System, 37(4), 700-707. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.09.013
Rastegar, M., & Memarpour, S. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among Iranian EFL teachers. System, 37(4), 700-707. Doi:dx.Doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.09.013
Rustika, I.M. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi akademik pada remaja. (Disertasi tidak dipublikasikan). Program Doktor Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta
Santoso, S. (2005). Menguasai statistik di era informasi dengan SPSS 14. Jakarta: PT Elexmedia Komputindo.
Santrock. (2007a). Perkembangan anak. Edisi ketujuh. Jilid dua. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Santrock. (2007b). Remaja. Edisi 11 (Widyasinta B., penerjemah/pen.). Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Sarasvati, S. (2002). Asana, pranayama, mudra, bandha (Hartini, penerjemah/pen.). Surabaya: Paramita.
Smyth, J., Ockenfels, M. C., Porter, L., Kischbaum, C., Hellhammer, D. H., & Stone, A. A. (1998). Stressors and mood measured on a momentary basis are associated with salivary cortisol secretion. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(4), 353-370.
Streeter, C. C., Whitfield, T. H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S. K., Yakhkind, A., dkk. (2010). Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain gaba levels: A randomized controlled MRS study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(11), 1145-1152. Doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0007
Thirthalli, J., Naveen, G. H., Rao, M. G., Varambally, S., Christoper, R., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2013). Cortisol and antidepressant effects of yoga. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 405-408. Doi:10.4103/0019-5545.116315
Triyono. (2014). Hubungan antara efikasi diri dan regulasi emosi dengan prokrastinasi akademik siswa SMA. (Skripsi). Surakarta: Program Studi Magister Sains Psikologi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Vinay, A., Venkatesh, D., & Ambarish, V. (2016). Impact of short-term practice of yoga on heart rate variability. International Journal of Yoga, 9(1), 62-66. Doi:10.4103/0973-6131.171714
Wei, M. (2015, May 22). 7 Ways yoga helps children and teens. Diambil kembali dari PsychologyToday : https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/urbansurvival/201505/ 7-ways-yoga-helps-children-and-teens
Witami, N.M. (2017) Studi Pendahuluan terkait permasalahan yang dialami remaja akhir mahasiswa di Denpasar. (Naskah tidak dipublikasikan). Denpasar: Program Studi Psikologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana.
Anggai, A. I. (2015). Hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan perilaku berisiko terhadap kesehatan pada remaja. (Skripsi). Jawa Tengah: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Arora, S., & Bhattacharjee, J. (2008). Modulation of immune responses in stress by yoga. International Journal of Yoga, 1(2), 45-55. Doi:10.4103/0973-6131.43541
Azwar, S. (2013). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Azwar, S. (2014). Reliabilitas dan validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Azwar, S. (2015). Penyusunan skala psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2010). Profil kriminalitas remaja 2010. Diunduh dari: https://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publi-kasi/profil-kriminalitas-remaja-2010.pdf
Bandura, A. (1997). Self Efficacy the exercise of control. New York: W.H Freeman and Company.
Bandura, A. (2005). Adolescent development from an agentic perspective. Dalam F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy and adolescents (hal. 1-43). United States of America: Information Age Publishing.
Bijlani, R. L. (2004). Understanding medical physiology a textbook for medical students third edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical PublisherButzer, B., Ahmed, K., & Khalsa, S. B. (2016). Yoga enhances positive psychological states in young adult musicians. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 41(2), 191-202. Doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9321-x
Daly, L., Haden, S., Hagins, M., Papouchis, N., & Ramirez, P. (2015). Yoga and emotion regulation in high school students: A randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8 pages. Doi:10.1155/2015/794928
Dehganfar, H., Alicheshmealaee, M., & Noorbakhs, M. (2014). The effect of yoga training on stress and self-esteem and its relation to emotional intelligence. Journal of Research in Applied Sciences, 1(5), 109-112.
Dwitantyanov, A., Hidayati, F., & Sawitri, D. (2010). Pengaruh pelatihan berpikir positif pada efikasi diri akademik mahasiswa (Studi eksperimen pada mahasiswa fakultas psikologi undip semarang). Jurnal Psikologi Undip, Vol. 8, No.2, 135-141.
Erikson, E.H. 1968. Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton & CompanyFeuerstein, G., & Payne, L. (2010). Yoga for Dummies 2nd Edition. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Feuerstein, G., & Payne, L. (2010). Yoga for dummies 2nd edition. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Fuhrmann, B.S. (1990). Adolescence. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Gharetepeh, A., Safari, Y., Pashaei, T., Razaei, M., & Kajbaf, M. B. (2015). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of medical sciences. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 3(2), 50-55.
Gupta, S. R., & Kolasinski, S. L. (2008). Mind-Body therapies in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Dalam B. N. De Luca, Mind-Body and relaxation research focus (hal. 72-79). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Hanem, A., Ahmed, & Elmasari, Y. (2011). Effect of self awareness education on the self efficacy and sociotropy autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatry clinic. Life Science Journal, 8(2), 853-855.
Hawk, C., & Evans, W. (2013). Health promotion and wellness : An evidece-based guide to clinical preventive services. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Het, S., & Wolf, O. T. (2007). Mood changes in response to psychosocial stress in healthy young women: Effects of pretreatment with cortisol. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121(1), 11-20. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.11
Holcombe, K. (2012, June 15). Breathe easy: Relax with pranayama. Dipetik February 25, 2016, dari Yoga Journal: http://www.yogajournal.com/article/practice-section/heal-ing-breath/
Kee, J. C., & Hayes, E. R. (1994). Farmakologi pendekatan proses keperawatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Kinasih, A. S. (2010). Pengaruh latihan yoga terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup. Buletin Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, 18(1), 1-12.
Kompas. (2013, November 18). Inovasi remaja yang membuat decak kagum.Diunduh dari:sains.kompas.com:http://sains.kompas.com/read/2013/11/18/1010241/Inovasi.Remaja.yang.Membuat.Decak.Kagum
Kompas. (2016). Buwas: Pengguna narkoba di Indonesia meningkat hingga 5,9 juta orang. Diunduh dari: http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/01/11/14313191/ Buwas.Pengguna.Narkoba.di.Indonesia.Meningkat.hingga.5.9.Juta.Orang
Kurniawati, S., & Atamimi, N. (2015). Perbedaan kecerdasan emosional pada remaja yang mengikuti dan tidak mengikuti kelas yoga. (Skripsi). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Unversitas Gadjah Mada.
LIPI. (2015, Mei 18). Remaja indonesia berjaya di ajang intel international science and engineering fair (IISEF) 2015. Diunduh dari: infokompetisi.lipi.go.id: http://infokompe-tisi.lipi.go.id/remaja-indonesia-berjaya-di-ajang-intel-inter-national-science-and-engineering-fair-iisef-2015/
Liputan6. (2016). Skripsi ditolak dan diputus pacar, mahasiswa Jaksel gantung diri. Diunduh dari: http://news.liputan6.com/read/2563051/skripsi-ditolak-dan-diputus-pacar-mahasiswa-jaksel-gantung-diri
Mahajan, A. (2014). Role of yoga in hormonal homeostasis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 1(3), 173-178. Doi:10.4103/2348-8093.143474
Marefat, M., Peymanzad, H., & Alikhajeh, Y. (2011). The study of the effect of yoga exercises on addicts depression and anxiety in rehabilitation period. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Science 30, 1496-1497. Doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.289
McCall, T. B. (2007). Yoga as medicine : the yogic prescription for health and healig : A yoga journal book. United States of America: Bantam Dell.
Medrano, L. A., Flores-Kanter, E., Moretti, L., & Pereno, G. L. (2016). Effects of induction of positive and negative emotional states on academic self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Psicologia Educative, 22(2), 135-141.
Muris, P. (2002). Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 19 (2), 337.
Netz, Y., & Lidor, R. (2003). Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. Journal of Psychology, 137, 405-419. Doi:10.1080/00223980309600624
Noggle, J. J., Steiner, N. J., Minami, T., & Khalsa, S. B. (2012). Benefits of yoga for psychosocial well-being in a US high school curriculum: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 193-201.
Noviarahmah, J. H. (2016). Hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan efikasi diri pada atlet panjat tebing saat menghadapi pertandingan. (Skripsi). Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gunadharma. Rastegar, M., & Memarpour, S. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among Iranian EFL teachers. System, 37(4), 700-707. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.09.013
Rastegar, M., & Memarpour, S. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among Iranian EFL teachers. System, 37(4), 700-707. Doi:dx.Doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.09.013
Rustika, I.M. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi akademik pada remaja. (Disertasi tidak dipublikasikan). Program Doktor Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta
Santoso, S. (2005). Menguasai statistik di era informasi dengan SPSS 14. Jakarta: PT Elexmedia Komputindo.
Santrock. (2007a). Perkembangan anak. Edisi ketujuh. Jilid dua. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Santrock. (2007b). Remaja. Edisi 11 (Widyasinta B., penerjemah/pen.). Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Sarasvati, S. (2002). Asana, pranayama, mudra, bandha (Hartini, penerjemah/pen.). Surabaya: Paramita.
Smyth, J., Ockenfels, M. C., Porter, L., Kischbaum, C., Hellhammer, D. H., & Stone, A. A. (1998). Stressors and mood measured on a momentary basis are associated with salivary cortisol secretion. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(4), 353-370.
Streeter, C. C., Whitfield, T. H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S. K., Yakhkind, A., dkk. (2010). Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain gaba levels: A randomized controlled MRS study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(11), 1145-1152. Doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0007
Thirthalli, J., Naveen, G. H., Rao, M. G., Varambally, S., Christoper, R., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2013). Cortisol and antidepressant effects of yoga. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 405-408. Doi:10.4103/0019-5545.116315
Triyono. (2014). Hubungan antara efikasi diri dan regulasi emosi dengan prokrastinasi akademik siswa SMA. (Skripsi). Surakarta: Program Studi Magister Sains Psikologi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Vinay, A., Venkatesh, D., & Ambarish, V. (2016). Impact of short-term practice of yoga on heart rate variability. International Journal of Yoga, 9(1), 62-66. Doi:10.4103/0973-6131.171714
Wei, M. (2015, May 22). 7 Ways yoga helps children and teens. Diambil kembali dari PsychologyToday : https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/urbansurvival/201505/ 7-ways-yoga-helps-children-and-teens
Witami, N.M. (2017) Studi Pendahuluan terkait permasalahan yang dialami remaja akhir mahasiswa di Denpasar. (Naskah tidak dipublikasikan). Denpasar: Program Studi Psikologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana.
Published
2018-06-30
How to Cite
WITAMI, Ni Made; RUSTIKA, I Made.
PERBEDAAN TARAF EFIKASI DIRI DITINJAU DARI KEIKUTSERTAAN DALAM LATIHAN YOGA PADA REMAJA AKHIR MAHASISWA INSTITUT HINDU DHARMA NEGERI DENPASAR.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], p. 29-39, june 2018.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/40397>. Date accessed: 16 nov. 2024.
Issue
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
