URGENSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN TERHADAP RISIKO GAGAL BAYAR DALAM PEER TO PEER LENDING AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Abstract

Artikel ini berorientasi menganalisis problematika dampak Covid-19 terhadap risiko gagal bayar yang berakibat kerugian bagi borrower dan lender pada P2P lending di Indonesia. Kajian menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna P2P lending serta bagaimana urgensi perlindungan hukum pengguna P2P lending akibat adanya pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Metode normative deskriptif Penulis gunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang dikaji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan peningkatan NPL pada P2P lending. P2p lending memiliki kemudahan dalam mempercepat konsumen memperoleh dana pinajaman, namun bentuk pinjaman ini penuh dengan risiko karena tidak ada interaksi tatap muka langsung, menjamurnya P2P lending ilegal, serta keterpurukan ekonomi berdampak pada gagal bayar. Konsumen mengalami risiko gagal bayar yang merugikan karena memungkinkan terjadinya penumpukan denda pinjaman dan ketidakmampuan konsumen mengakses pinjaman lain akibat masuk daftar hitam OJK. Hal tersebut merupakan konsekuensi akibat kekosongan hukum dalam perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen P2P lending akibat pandemi Covid-19. Kekosongan hukum tersebut menuntut urgensi yang tinggi dan mutlak atas ditetapkannya kebijakan perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen P2P lending akibat pandemi Covid-19, sehingga mampu tercipta rasa keadilan dan kepastian hukum bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Kosumen P2P lending hendaknya juga mendapat jaminan hukum berupa restrukturisasi kredit seperti yang diterima nasabah bank pada umumnya.

This article analyzes the problematic impact of Covid-19 on the risk of default which results in losses for borrowers and lenders in P2P lending in Indonesia. Study of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on legal protection for P2P lending users and the urgency of legal protection for P2P lending users due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The author uses descriptive normative method to answer the problems being studied. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic led to an increase in NPLs in P2P lending. P2p loans are fast in accelerating consumers to obtain funds, but this form of loan comes with risks because there is no face-to-face interaction, the proliferation of illegal P2P lending, and economic downturns have an impact on default. Consumers have an adverse risk of default because they allow the accumulation of loan fines and the inability of consumers to access other loans due to being blacklisted by the OJK. This is a loss due to a legal vacuum in legal protection for P2P lending consumers due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This legal vacuum demands high and absolute urgency for the guarantee of legal protection for P2P lending consumers due to the Covid-19 pandemic, so as to create a sense of justice and legal certainty for all Indonesian people. P2P lending customers should also receive legal guarantees in the form of credit restructuring as received like credit consumers at banks or other financial institutions (general loans).