Peluang Kerja Perempuan Lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Perhotelan di Bali
Abstract
This study aims to find out how job opportunities for female graduates of vocational schools to be accepted as employees in hotels. Research data were collected through questionnaires using Google forms using probability sampling techniques and interviews with the Tremblay method for selected Human Resources (HR) Departments. Sample analysis shows that 45% of SMK graduates are accepted as day laborers; 28.30% are contract employees; 18.30% are permanent employees. Especially for Vocational female graduates 27.22% have an opportunities to work in housekeeping, 21.30% in the front office, 21.30% in food and beverage production, 24.86% in food and beverage service and other departments both as technicians and administration as much as 5.40%. Specifically for the admin position, graduates must have hotel operations administration skills, but vocational graduates are still lacking in mastering the system. This article argues that hotels open themselves to accept vocational school graduates including women, and to be able to become permanent employees, graduates must have adequate skills.
Keywords: job opportunity, women graduate, hotel vocational school, Bali.
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References
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Supomo. 2018. “Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Banquet di Hotel Pullman Surabaya City Centre”, Tourism, Hospitality Dan Culinary Journal, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 33–45.
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Thrane, C. 2008. “Earnings differentiation in the tourism industry: Gender, human capital and socio-demographic effects”, Tourism Management, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 514–524.
Tribe, J. 2000. “Balancing the Vocational: The Theory and Practice of Liberal Education in Tourism”, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 8–25.
Tribe, J. and Airey, D. 2005. “Introduction”, An International Handbook of Tourism Education, 1st ed. London: Routledge
Uli, S. 2005. “Pekerja Wanita di Perusahaan Dalam perspektif Hukum dan Jender”, Jurnal Equality, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 87–92.
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Widiastini, N.M.A., Andiani, N.D. and Prayudi, M.A. 2018. Peningkatan Minat Studi Perempuan Pada Bidang Kepariwisataan, Singaraja:
Widiastini, N.M.A., Prayudi, M.A. and Andiani, N.D. 2019. “Why do Women Choose to Continue Their Studies in Tourism?”, International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science (TEAMS 2018), Vol. 69, pp. 117–126.
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Wirawan, I.B. 2012. Teori-Teori Sosial Dalam Tiga Paradigma (Fakta Sosial, Definisi Sosial, Dan Perilaku Sosial). Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup.
Amoah, V.A. and Baum, T. 1997. “Tourism education: Policy versus practice”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 5–12.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. 2018. “Jumlah Hotel Bintang di Bali Menurut Kabupaten/Kode, dan Kelas, 2000 – 2017”, available at: https://bali.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/06/05/174/banyaknya-hotel-berbintang-di-bali-menurut-lokasi-dan-kelas-hotel-2000-2010.html.
Busby, G. and Fiedel, D. 2001. “A Contemporary Review of Tourism Degrees in the United Kingdom”, Journal of Vocational Education and Training, Vol. 53 No. 4, pp. 501–522.
Darsono, A. 2011. Front Office Hotel. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Dewi, A.A.I.S. and Darma, G.S. 2017. “Proses Rekrutmen, Seleksi, Pelatihan, Penempatan dan Kinerja Karyawan”, Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 4–7.
Direktorat Pembinaan SMK. 2019. “Identitas Sekolah”, Data Pokok SMK, available at: http://datapokok.ditpsmk.net/sekolah?menu=0&ubah=&id_prov=220000&id_kab=&id_kec=&id_bidang=40&id_program=&id_kompetensi=&sts=&cari= (accessed 30 September 2019).
Ferguson, L. 2011. “Promoting Gender Equalityu and Empowering Women? Tourism and The Third Millenium Development Goal”, Current Inssues in Tourism, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 235–249.
Gaol, C.J.L. 2014. A to Z Human Capital. Jakarta: PT Grasindo
Hakim, A. 2010. “Model Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Dalam Menciptakan Kemandirian Sekolah”, Riptek, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 1–14.
Handoko, T.H. 2008. Manajemen Personalia Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: BPFE
Hasibuan, M.S.P. 2008. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
Jiang, B. and Tribe, J. 2009. “Tourism Jobs-Short Loved Professions’: Student Attitudes Towards Tourism Careers in China”, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, Vol. 8 No. 1.
Kara, D., Uysal, M. and Magnini, V.P. 2012. “Gender differences on job satisfaction of the five-star hotel employees: The case of the Turkish hotel industry”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 24 No. 7, pp. 1047–1065.
Khurniawan, A.W., Akbar, W.J., Widjajanti, C., Razik, A.L., Suliswanto, H., Djokosumbogo, B. and Chatib, A. 2015. SMK Dari Masa Ke Masa, Jakarta, available at: http://www.berkasedukasi.com/2017/02/buku-sejarah-smk-dari-masa-ke-masa-dan.html.
Laker, D.R. and Gregory, S.R. 1989. “Attraction and influence on the employment decision of the recent hotel and restaurant graduate”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 31–42.
Leslie, D. and Russell, H. 2006. “The importance of foreign language skills in the tourism sector: A comparative study of student perceptions in the UK and continental Europe”, Tourism Management, Vol. 27 No. 6, pp. 1397–1407.
Manullang, M. 2004. Manajemen Personalia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Maryono. 2009. “Tenaga Kontrak: Manfaat dan Permasalahannya”, Jurnal Bisnis Dan Ekonomi, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 26–31.
Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2001. Human Resources Management (Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia) (edited by Angelica, D., Terjemahan). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
McCuddy, M.K., Pinar, M. and Birkan, I. 2012. “Gender bias and demographics vis-à-vis managing turkish hospitality industry personnel1”, Tourism Analysis, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 43–54.
Merritt, R.D. 2008. Student Internships Essay: School Administration and Policy.
Nolan, C., Conway, E., Farrell, T. and Monks, K. 2010. “Competency needs in Irish hotels: Employer and graduate perspectives”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 432–454.
Nugraheni, D. and Wijaya, L.S. 2017. “Pelaksanaan Program Internship Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Citra Lembaga Pendidikan (Studi Kasus: Fakultas Teknologi Informasi – Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana)”, Jurnal Ilmiah Scriptura, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 47–56.
Plummer, K. 2011. Sosiologi: The Basics. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Premono, A. 2010. “Kompetensi Keahlian Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Antara Kebijakan dan Realita”, Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur, Vol. 9 No. 15, pp. 50–61.
Putra, I.N.D. 2014 “Empat Srikandi Kuliner Bali: Peran Perempuan Dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan”, Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA), Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 65–94.
Putra, I.N.D. 2018a. “Metamorfosis ‘Homestay’ dalam Dunia Pariwisata Bali”, in Mertha, I.W. and Pitanatri, P.D.S. (Eds.), HOMESTAY: MOZAIK PARIWISATA BERBASIS KERAKYATAN, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Nusa Dua-Bali, Badung, Bali, pp. 1–18.
Putra, I.N.D. 2018b. “Masih Identik dengan Peran Domestik ?: Implikasi Perkembangan Pariwisata pada Dinamika Relasi Gender di Bali”, Proceeding Seminar Nasional Gender Dan Anak LP2M “Harmonisasi Gender Dan Keluarga Zaman Now”. Denpasar: IHDN Press.
Robbins, S.P. 2006. Perilaku Organisasi, Jakarta: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia
Sasono, E. 2007. “Perekrutan dalam Pasar Tenaga Kerja”, Value Added, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 213–221.
Suharyanti, C., Murtini, W. and Susilowati, T. 2009. “Pengaruh Proses Pembelajaran dan Program Kerja Praktik Terhadap Pengembangan Soft Skill Mahasiswa”, Vol. 4 No. 1.
Supomo. 2018. “Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Banquet di Hotel Pullman Surabaya City Centre”, Tourism, Hospitality Dan Culinary Journal, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 33–45.
Taufiq, G. 2014. “Logika Fuzzy Tahani untuk Pendukung Keputusan Perekrutan Karyawan Tetap”, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Sains & Teknologi, Yogyakarta, pp. 99–106.
Thrane, C. 2008. “Earnings differentiation in the tourism industry: Gender, human capital and socio-demographic effects”, Tourism Management, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 514–524.
Tribe, J. 2000. “Balancing the Vocational: The Theory and Practice of Liberal Education in Tourism”, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 8–25.
Tribe, J. and Airey, D. 2005. “Introduction”, An International Handbook of Tourism Education, 1st ed. London: Routledge
Uli, S. 2005. “Pekerja Wanita di Perusahaan Dalam perspektif Hukum dan Jender”, Jurnal Equality, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 87–92.
United Nation World Tourism Organization. 2010. “A year in recover”, UNWTO Annual Report, available at: http://www2.unwto.org/publication/unwto-annual-report-2010.
Widiastini, N.M.A., Andiani, N.D. and Prayudi, M.A. 2018. Peningkatan Minat Studi Perempuan Pada Bidang Kepariwisataan, Singaraja:
Widiastini, N.M.A., Prayudi, M.A. and Andiani, N.D. 2019. “Why do Women Choose to Continue Their Studies in Tourism?”, International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science (TEAMS 2018), Vol. 69, pp. 117–126.
Winarno, A. 2009. “Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kewirausahaan pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kota Malang”, Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 124–131.
Wirawan, I.B. 2012. Teori-Teori Sosial Dalam Tiga Paradigma (Fakta Sosial, Definisi Sosial, Dan Perilaku Sosial). Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup.
Published
2019-10-30
How to Cite
WIDIASTINI, Ni Made Ary et al.
Peluang Kerja Perempuan Lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Perhotelan di Bali.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 289–314, oct. 2019.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/53251>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2019.v09.i02.p02.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
