Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Deteksi dan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang: Potensi dan Tantangan Hukum?
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the leading technologies that has begun to attract attention in the financial sector across various regions worldwide, including Southeast Asia. One potential application of AI is its ability to automatically detect specific data or situations within an electronic system, which can be utilized to identify money laundering activities. However, this cutting-edge technology may also result in certain unintended legal implications. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential and legal challenges in utilizing AI for the detection and prevention of money laundering. This research employs a normative legal research method to examine the legal implications of AI utilization in efforts to prevent and combat money laundering. The analysis reveals that significant normative issues persist regarding the legal certainty of AI applications in general, which poses complex challenges when coupled with specific legal implications, such as consumer protection and the safeguarding of privacy and data rights. This study proposes a legal development model that emphasizes balancing the efforts to prevent and combat money laundering with the rights of financial service users to maintain the integrity of the financial system.
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References
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Peraturan Perundang-Undangan:
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang
Undang-UndangNomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 12/POJK.03/2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Layanan Perbankan Digital oleh Bank Umum
Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 3 Tahun 2021 tentang Standar Kegiatan Usaha dan Standar Produk pada Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Sektor Pos, Telekomunikasi, dan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik.
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Aulia, M. Zulfa. "Hukum Progresif dari Satjipto Rahardjo: Riwayat, Urgensi, dan Relevansi." Undang: Jurnal Hukum 1.1 (2018): 159-185, https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.1.159-185.
Anakotta, Marthsian Yeksi, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Melanjutkan Pembangunan Sistem Keamanan Nasional Indonesia Dalam Kerangka Legal System Penanggulangan Kejahatan Terorisme." Jurnal Keamanan Nasional 6.1 (2020): 41-71, https://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/kamnas/article/view/1577.
Antwi, Bernard Owusu, Beatrice Oyinkansola Adelakun, and Augustine Obinna Eziefule. “Transforming Financial Reporting with AI: Enhancing Accuracy and Timeliness.” International Journal of Advanced Economics 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2024): 205–23. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v6i6.1229.
Bahoo, Salman, Marco Cucculelli, Xhoana Goga, and Jasmine Mondolo. “Artificial Intelligence in Finance: A Comprehensive Review through Bibliometric and Content Analysis.” SN Business & Economics 4, no. 2 (2024): 23–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-023-00618-x.
Barroso, Marta, and Juan Laborda. “Digital Transformation and the Emergence of the Fintech Sector: Systematic Literature Review.” Digital Business 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100028.
Brychko, Maryna, Yuriy Bilan, Serhiy Lyeonov, and Grzegorz Mentel. “Trust Crisis in the Financial Sector and Macroeconomic Stability: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.” Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja 34, no. 1 (2021): 828–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1804970.
Bimo, Widhi Ariyo, and Alvin Tiyansyah. “Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Mengawasi Pinjaman Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Fintech Lending).” Moneter: Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan 7.1 (2019): 16-33, https://doi.org/10.32832/moneter.v7i1.2515
Chandana, Charitha. P., and B. Hemaraju. “Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Decision-Making in Organisations.” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 4 (August 9, 2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.5172.
Chow, Claudia Sau King, Ge Zhan, Hanfeng Wang, and Miao He. “Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption: An Extended Compensatory Level of Acceptance.” Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 24, no. 1 (2023): 84–106.
Cretu-Adatte, Cristina, Renaud Zbinden, Luca Brunoni, Hazel Bunning, Josselin Wilfred Azi, and Olivier Beaudet-Labrecque. “How Do Ivorian Cyberfraudsters Manage Their Criminal Proceeds?” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 30, no. 3 (2024): 359–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-024-09597-7.
Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Lenses of Legal Research: A Descriptive Essay on Legal Research Methodologies.” Journal of Judicial Review 24, no. 2 (2022): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i2.7280.
Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Urgensi regulasi khusus dan pemanfaatan artificial intelligence dalam mewujudkan perlindungan data pribadi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 5.2 (2021): 177-199, https://doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v5i2.460.
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Gesk, Tanja Sophie, and Michael Leyer. “Artificial Intelligence in Public Services: When and Why Citizens Accept Its Usage.” Government Information Quarterly 39, no. 3 (2022): 101704. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101704.
Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, Manuel Goyanes, and Timilehin Durotoye. “A Scholarly Definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advancing AI as a Conceptual Framework in Communication Research.” Political Communication 41, no. 2 (March 2024): 317–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2023.2290497.
Gilmour, Paul Michael. “Reexamining the Anti-Money-Laundering Framework: A Legal Critique and New Approach to Combating Money Laundering.” Journal of Financial Crime 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2022-0041.
Gordon, Faith, Alyce McGovern, Chrissy Thompson, and Mark A Wood. “Beyond Cybercrime: New Perspectives on Crime, Harm and Digital Technologies.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2215.
Haq, Syaif Al, and Yunanto Yunanto. “Legal Implications of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Electronic Transactions.” International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 7, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): 3365–71. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i05-108.
Husnaningtyas, Nadia, Ghalizha Failazufah Hanin, Totok Dewayanto, and Muhammad Fahad Malik. “A Systematic Review of Anti-Money Laundering Systems Literature: Exploring the Efficacy of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Integration.” JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen 20, no. 1 (2023): 91–116. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v20i1.20602.
Imdadullah, Khan. “The Role of Technology in the Economy.” Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 2 (August 2023): 427–34. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00037.
Irwan, Camelia, Hasudungan Sinaga, and Eni Jaya. “Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Terhadap Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi ((Studi Putusan Nomor: 24/Pid.Sus.Tpk/2020/PN.Makassar).” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 2, no. 12 (2024): 66–76. https://ejournal.warunayama.org/index.php/causa/article/view/2681.
Jia, Kai, and Shaowei Chen. “Global Digital Governance: Paradigm Shift and an Analytical Framework.” Global Public Policy and Governance 2, no. 3 (2022): 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43508-022-00047-w.
Joksimovic, Srecko, Dirk Ifenthaler, Rebecca Marrone, Maarten De Laat, and George Siemens. “Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence for Supporting Complex Problem-Solving: Findings from a Scoping Review.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 4 (2023): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100138.
Kariri, Elham, Hassen Louati, Ali Louati, and Fatma Masmoudi. “Exploring the Advancements and Future Research Directions of Artificial Neural Networks: A Text Mining Approach.” Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053186.
Klein, Amarolinda Zanela. “Ethical Issues of Digital Transformation.” Organizações & Sociedade 29, no. 102 (September 2022): 443–48. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0020en.
Larsson, Bengt, Bertil Rolandsson, Anna Ilsøe, Trine Pernille Larsen, Alex Lehr, and Jaan Masso. “Digital Disruption Diversified—FinTechs and the Emergence of a Coopetitive Market Ecosystem.” Socio-Economic Review 22, no. 2 (2024): 655–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwad046.
Lawlor-Forsyth, Erin, and M Michelle Gallant. “Financial Institutions and Money Laundering: A Threatening Relationship?” Journal of Banking Regulation 19, no. 2 (2018): 131–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-017-0041-4.
Levi, Mike, and Melvin Soudijn. “Understanding the Laundering of Organized Crime Money.” Crime and Justice 49 (March 6, 2020): 579–631. https://doi.org/10.1086/708047.
McCarthy, Killian J, Peter van Santen, and Ingo Fiedler. “Modeling the Money Launderer: Microtheoretical Arguments on Anti-Money Laundering Policy.” International Review of Law and Economics 43 (2015): 148–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.04.006.
Narayan, Seema Wati. “Does Fintech Matter for Indonesia’s Economic Growth?” Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan 22, no. 4 (2020): 437–56. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v22i4.1237.
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Peraturan Perundang-Undangan:
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang
Undang-UndangNomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 12/POJK.03/2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Layanan Perbankan Digital oleh Bank Umum
Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 3 Tahun 2021 tentang Standar Kegiatan Usaha dan Standar Produk pada Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Sektor Pos, Telekomunikasi, dan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Published
2025-01-02
How to Cite
FEBRIYANI, Emiliya; SYARIEF, Elza; SEROJA, Triana Dewi.
Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Deteksi dan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang: Potensi dan Tantangan Hukum?.
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), [S.l.], v. 13, n. 4, p. 877-898, jan. 2025.
ISSN 2502-3101.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jmhu/article/view/120459>. Date accessed: 09 jan. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i04.p10.
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Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law of Journal) by Faculty of Law Udayana University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
