Dampak Psikologis dari Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga terhadap Perempuan pada Budaya Patriarki di Bali
Abstract
The Balinese who still maintain their cultural traditions are inseparable from the patriarchal culture with a patrilineal system which is clearly seen in married life that embraces the concept of purusa (men as a head of the family). Society is characterized by patriarchal culture which seems to dominate the position of men in decision making that raises the problem of domestic violence. This study analyzes psychological impact for those women who experienced domestic violence in patriarchal culture. This study used qualitative research with case study approach and the number of the respondents was three Balinesse women experiencing domestic violence. The data collected from interview and observation. This study concludes that patriarchal cultural became one of the causes of violence and psychological impacts that experienced by the three cases were feelings of fear, negative thoughts about themselves, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of depression, and release their anger to the child.
Keywords: patriarchal culture, domestic violence, Balinesse family, psychological approach, Balinesse women
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References
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Maisah, M., & Yenti, S.S. (2016). Dampak psikologis korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Kota Jambi. Esensia, Vol. 17, No. 2. Pp. 265-277.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook (2rd ed). London: Sage Publication.
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Putra, I. N. D. (2014). “Puja Mandala: An invented icon of Bali’s religious tolerance?”, dalam Hauser-Scäublin & Harnish (eds). Between Harmony and Discrimination: Negotiating religious identities within majority-minority relationships in Bali and Lombok. Pp. 330-353. Leiden: Brill.
Rahmawati, N. N., (2016). Perempuan Bali dalam Pergulatan Gender. An1mage Jurnal Studi Kultural. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 58-64.
Republik Indonesia. (2004). Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2004, No. 95. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
Roberts, A. R. (2002). Handbook of domestic violence intervention strategies: Policies, programs, and legal remedies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sakina, A. I. & Hasanah, D. (2017). Menyoroti budaya patriarki di indonesia. Share: Social Work Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.71-80.
Satriani, L. A. (2010). ‘Respon dan koping perempuan Bali yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan faktor sosial budaya Bali yang mempengaruhinya di Kecamatan Bebandem Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali: studi grounded theory.’ Tesis, Universitas Indonesia.
Shipway, L. (2004). Domestic Violence (A handbook for Health Professionals). New York: Psychology press.
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Sudarta, W. (2017). Pengambilan keputusan gender rumah tangga petani pada budidaya tanaman padi sawah sistem subak di perkotaan. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 59-65.
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Syufri, S. (2009). Perspektif sosiologis tentang kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga. Academia, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 95-105.
Thompson, R. S., Bonomi, A. E., Anderson, M., Reid, R. J., Dimer, J. A., Carrell, D., & Rivara, F. P. (2006). Intimate partner violence: Prevalence, types, and chronicity in adult women. American journal of preventive medicine, 30(6), 447-457.
Tripungkasingtyas, S. Y. (2013). Relasi dan peran gender perempuan Bali dalam Novel Tempurung karya Oka Rusmini (Sebuah kajian kritik sastra feminis). Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Walby, S. (1990). From private to public patriarchy: the periodisation of British history. Women's studies international forum, Vol. 13, No. 1-2, pp. 91-104 https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(90)90076-A
Wandi, G. (2015). Rekonstruksi maskulinitas : menguak peran laki-laki dalam perjuangan kesetaraan gender. Jurnal ilmiah kajian gender, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 239-255.
Wedaningtyas, P. A. M. P. P., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2017). Tuah Keto Dadi Nak Luh Bali: Memahami Resiliensi Pada Perempuan Yang Mengalami Kdrt Dan Tinggal Di Pedesaan. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 9-19.
Ybarra, G. J., Wilkens, S. L., & Lieberman, A. F. (2007). The influence of domestic violence on preschooler behavior and functioning. Journal of family violence, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.33-42. DOI: doi 10.1007/s10896-006-9054-y
Afandi, D., Rosa, W. Y., Suyanto, K., Khodijah & Widyaningsih, C. (2012). Karakteristik kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Journal Indonesia Medical Association, Vol. 62, No. 11, pp. 435-438.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: Author.
Anderson, K. L. (2005). Theorizing gender in intimate partner violence research. Journal of Sex Roles, Vol. 52, No. 11-12, pp. 853-865.
Antai, D., Oke, A., Braithwaite, P., & Lopez, G.B. (2014). The Effect of Economic, Physical, and Psychological Abuse on Mental Health: A Population-Based Study of Women in the Philippines. International Journal of Family Medicine. Volume 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/852317
Ardhana, I. K. (2018). Female Deities in Balinese Society: Local Genious, Indian Influences, and Their Worship. International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 42-61.
Astuti, M. A. T. (2014). Dampak psikologis pada istri korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Skripsi, Universitas Muria Kudus.
Atmaja, T. P. & Handoyo, P. (2014). Eksistensi survivor perempuan eks korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (kdrt) pada Komunitas Sekar Arum Kabupaten Jombang. Paradigma, Volume: 02, Number 01.
Campbell, J. C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The lancet, Vol. 359, No. 9314, pp. 1331-1336.
Campbell, J., Jones, A., Dienemann, J., Kub, J., Schollenberger, J., O’Campo, P., Gielen, A., & Wynne, C. (2002). Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences. Arch Intern Med, Vol. 162, No. 10, pp. 1157-1163
Carlson, E. B., & Dalenberg, C. J. (2000). A conceptual framework for the impact of traumatic experiences. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 4-28. Doi: 10.1177/1524838000001001002.
Chemtob, C. M., & Carlson, J. G. (2004). Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Their Mothers. International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 11, No. 3, 209-226.
Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Bethea, L., King, M. R., dan McKeown, R. E. (2000). Physical Health Consequences of Physical and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence. Arch Fam Med. Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 451-457.
Dewi, K. (2015). Perjuangan perempuan dalam mengatasi ketidakadilan akibat nilai-nilai patriarki pada novel daun putri malu karya Magdalena sitorus. Tesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Dharmono, S., & Diatri, H. (2008). Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga dan Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Jiwa. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Dowling, N. A., Jackson, A. C., Suomi, A., Lavis, T., Thomas, S. A., Patford, J., ... & Bellringer, M. E. (2014). Problem gambling and family violence: Prevalence and patterns in treatment-seekers. Addictive behaviors, 39(12), 1713-1717.
Gunawan, I. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Harne, L., & Radford, J. (2008). Tackling Domestic Violence: Theories, Policies and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Jayanthi, E. T. (2009). Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga pada survivor yang ditangani oleh Lembaga Sahabat Perempuan Magelang. Dimensia, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 33-50.
Johnson, H., Ollus, N., & Nevala, S. (2008). Violence against women: An international perspective. New York: Springer.
Karakurt, G., Smith, D., & Whiting, J. (2014). Impact of intimate partner violence on women’s mental health. Journal of family violence, Vol.29, No 7, pp. 693-702.
Keeling, J., & Mason, T. (2008). Domestic Violence: A Multi-Professional Approach for Healthcare Practitioners. New York: Open University Press.
Komalasari, Y. (2017). Nilai tambah wanita karier Bali sebagai sosok pelestari budaya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional AIMI, pp. 199-206, 27-28 Oktober: Universitas Dhyana Pura Bali.
Levendosky, A. A., Lynch, S. M., & Graham-Bermann, S. A. (2000). Mothers' perceptions of the impact of woman abuse on their parenting. Violence against women, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 247-271.
Maisah, M., & Yenti, S.S. (2016). Dampak psikologis korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Kota Jambi. Esensia, Vol. 17, No. 2. Pp. 265-277.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook (2rd ed). London: Sage Publication.
Nimrah S. & Sakaria, S. (2015). Perempuan dan budaya patriarki dalam politik (studi kasus kegagalan caleg perempuan dalam pemilu legislative 2014). The Politics. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 173-182.
Nursalikah, A. (2019). Kasus kekerasan perempuan masih mendominasi di Bali. https://republika.co.id/berita/q26eei366/kasus-kekerasan-perempuan-masih-mendominasi-di-bali. (Diakses 10 Januari, 2020)
Omara, A. (2004). Perempuan, Budaya Patriarki Dan Representasi. Mimbar Hukum 2004, Vol. 2, No. 45, pp. 148-165.
Perempuan, K. O. M. N. A. S. (2019). Korban bersuara, data bicara sahkan ruu penghapusan kekerasan seksual sebagai wujud komitmen negara. Jakarta: Komnas Perempuan.
Perempuan, K. O. M. N. A. S. (2019). Siaran Pers Catatan Tahunan (CATAHU) Komnas Perempuan 2019: hentikan impunitas pelaku kekerasan seksual dan wujudkan pemulihan yang komprehensif bagi korban. Maret 6 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mGwZqY2yjPDPxlM8-ZHBAaNF7Xhnokxl/view. (Diakses Februari 27, 2020).
Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M.I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The Impact of Physical, Psychological, and Sexual Intimate Male Partner Violence on Women’s Mental Health: Depressive Symptoms, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, State Anxiety, and Suicide. Journal Of Women’s Health, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 599-611. DOI:org/10.1089/jwh.2006.15.599
Putra, I. N. D. (2014). “Puja Mandala: An invented icon of Bali’s religious tolerance?”, dalam Hauser-Scäublin & Harnish (eds). Between Harmony and Discrimination: Negotiating religious identities within majority-minority relationships in Bali and Lombok. Pp. 330-353. Leiden: Brill.
Rahmawati, N. N., (2016). Perempuan Bali dalam Pergulatan Gender. An1mage Jurnal Studi Kultural. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 58-64.
Republik Indonesia. (2004). Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2004, No. 95. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
Roberts, A. R. (2002). Handbook of domestic violence intervention strategies: Policies, programs, and legal remedies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sakina, A. I. & Hasanah, D. (2017). Menyoroti budaya patriarki di indonesia. Share: Social Work Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.71-80.
Satriani, L. A. (2010). ‘Respon dan koping perempuan Bali yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan faktor sosial budaya Bali yang mempengaruhinya di Kecamatan Bebandem Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali: studi grounded theory.’ Tesis, Universitas Indonesia.
Shipway, L. (2004). Domestic Violence (A handbook for Health Professionals). New York: Psychology press.
Sruti, B. (2011). “Agar luh tak sekedar peluh”. Februari-April. https://docplayer.info/35564375-Agar-luh-tak-sekedar-peluh.html (Diakses 18 Maret, 2020)
Sudarta, W. (2017). Pengambilan keputusan gender rumah tangga petani pada budidaya tanaman padi sawah sistem subak di perkotaan. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 59-65.
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
Supartika, P. (2018). Catatan LBH APIK Bali, Kasus KDRT di Bali Naik Dua Kali Lipat Tahun 2018. https://bali.tribunnews.com/2018/12/18/catatan-lbh-apik-bali-kasus-kdrt-di-bali-naik-dua-kali-lipat-tahun-2018 (Diakses 10 Januari, 2020)
Syufri, S. (2009). Perspektif sosiologis tentang kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga. Academia, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 95-105.
Thompson, R. S., Bonomi, A. E., Anderson, M., Reid, R. J., Dimer, J. A., Carrell, D., & Rivara, F. P. (2006). Intimate partner violence: Prevalence, types, and chronicity in adult women. American journal of preventive medicine, 30(6), 447-457.
Tripungkasingtyas, S. Y. (2013). Relasi dan peran gender perempuan Bali dalam Novel Tempurung karya Oka Rusmini (Sebuah kajian kritik sastra feminis). Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Walby, S. (1990). From private to public patriarchy: the periodisation of British history. Women's studies international forum, Vol. 13, No. 1-2, pp. 91-104 https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(90)90076-A
Wandi, G. (2015). Rekonstruksi maskulinitas : menguak peran laki-laki dalam perjuangan kesetaraan gender. Jurnal ilmiah kajian gender, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 239-255.
Wedaningtyas, P. A. M. P. P., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2017). Tuah Keto Dadi Nak Luh Bali: Memahami Resiliensi Pada Perempuan Yang Mengalami Kdrt Dan Tinggal Di Pedesaan. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 9-19.
Ybarra, G. J., Wilkens, S. L., & Lieberman, A. F. (2007). The influence of domestic violence on preschooler behavior and functioning. Journal of family violence, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.33-42. DOI: doi 10.1007/s10896-006-9054-y
Published
2020-04-13
How to Cite
ARIYANTI, Ni Made Putri; ARDHANA, I Ketut.
Dampak Psikologis dari Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga terhadap Perempuan pada Budaya Patriarki di Bali.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 283–304, apr. 2020.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/56832>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2020.v10.i01.p13.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
