PENGARUH TEKANAN AIR DAN SUDUT NOZZLE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK OUTPUT PADA PROTOTYPE PLTMH DENGAN TURBIN PELTON

Abstract

Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that is different from other turbines where the pelton
turbine utilizes a large high water fall (head), even with a small water discharge. The problem
with Pelton turbine is that the head is still difficult to control because this type of turbine uses a
high head to rotate the turbine runner and there is no formula / equation to determine the angle
of the nozzle which produces maximum output. Based on the problems described, it is
necessary to make a micro hidro power plant prototype using a pelton turbine with a laboratory
scale so that it can do the testing of the influence of water and the nozzle angle to obtain
maximum output results on a micro hidro power plant using a pelton turbine. The prototype
testing in this study used various water pressures, namely 5 psi, 9 psi, 13 psi, 17 psi, 21 psi,
and 25 psi with nozzle angles, namely 60º, 75º, and 90º. Based on the results of the study, an
increase in the value of water pressure provided with an optimal nozzle angle will cause the
micro hidro power plant performance to increase. The maximum output obtained is when the
water pressure is 25 psi with a nozzle angle of 90º which produces a turbine rotation of 917 rpm
before the generator is coupled and 326 rpm after the generator is coupled, the generator
rotation is 1321 rpm, the generator voltage is 12.9 Volts, generator power is 30.96 Watt, torque                                                                                                                   is 0.98 Nm, and the highest efficiency occurs when the water pressure is 21 psi with a nozzle
angle of 90º which is 3.91%.