ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL LADA HITAM (Studi Kasus di Propinsi Lampung)

Abstract

This study was implemented in 2002 and took place in Lampung Province,
and then Sub-Province of North Lampung, as central production of Lampung
black pepper, was chosen as a research location. The objectives of study were:
(i) to analyze the financial visibility of pepper farm, (ii) to identify the channel of
black pepper marketing and its margin in each agent of marketing, and (iii)to
analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of black pepper. Research
used the method of structured survey. Primary data were collected from 60
farmers, 15 merchants, 5 agents of processing, and exporters. While secondary
data were collected from Central Agency of Statistics, the Office of Estate Crops,
and Institutions of Research related to this study. The financial visibility of pepper
farm was counted by using method of input-output analysis to get value of
Beneficial Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of
Return (IRR). While the value of comparative and competitive advantages were
estimated by using method of Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Results showed that,
period of pepper farm was 10 years where in the fourth year, pepper crop started
create production of Rp.7.682 million and earnings of Rp.4.376. In sixth year, it
gave the highest production and earnings, namely Rp.9.849 million and Rp.7.816
million, respectively. While in the tenth year, it reached the lower production of
Rp.5.318 million and earnings of Rp.3.028 million/ha/year. At interest rate of 24
percent, it took NPV of Rp.0.27 million per hectare with B/C Ratio of 1.02. At level
of input-output actual, break-even point of pepper farm reached IRR of 24,63
percent. Eighty percent of farmers sold their black pepper to small collecting
merchant and the others (20%) sold to large collecting merchant. The small
collecting merchant (90%) sold black pepper to large collecting merchant and
then large collecting merchant sold them to large merchant/exporter. The highest
profit margin successively happened at large collecting merchant (Rp.505), large
merchant/ exporter (Rp.500), and small collecting merchant (Rp.440)/kg pepper
seed. The highest value of DRCR was happened in the sixth year, namely 0.22.
While in fourth and eighth year, it reached DRCR of 0.32 and 0.30, respectively.
At the other side, the value of competitive advantage also saw adequately, that
was 0.41 (in fourth year), 0.20 ( in sixth year), and 0.30 (in eighth year).