Karakteristik Karbon Aktif Dari Bambu Swat (Gigantochloa Verticillata) Dengan Variasi Suhu Aktivasi

Abstrak

Abstrak
Kebutuhan karbon aktif banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan. Karbon aktif komersial umumnya
bersumber dari batu bara yang merupakan sumber karbon yang tidak dapat diperbaharui dan jumlahnya terbatas, sehingga
banyak peneliti yang mengembangkan karbon aktif dari biomasa seperti bambu. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil dibuat
karbon aktif berbahan dasar bambu swat (Gigantochloa verticillata) dengan variasi suhu aktivasi. Penelitiani inii bertujuan
untuki mengetahuii karakteristik karboni aktifi bambu swat. Pembuatanikarboni aktifi melalui tigai prosesi yaitui: dehidrasi,
karbonisasii dan aktivasi. Prosesikarbonisasii menggunakan suhu 800°C selama 1 jam dan menggunakan metode aktivasi
fisika selama 1 jam dengan variasi suhu 600°C, 700°C, dan 800°C. kemudian dilakukan pengujian karakteristik karbon aktif
menggunakan proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, dan SEM yang berdasarkan Standari Nasionali Indonesia (SNI 06-
3730-1995). Hasili penelitiani menunjukkani bahwa karbon aktifi memenuhi SNI kecuali kadar abu adalahi karbon aktifi
yang diaktivasii suhu 800°C yang menghasilkan kadar air 1,99%, zat terbang 9,32%, abu 15,07%, karbon terikat 73,62%,
kadar karbon 79,14%, hydrogen 2,85%, nitrogen 0,59%. Hasil analisa SEM memperlihatkan peningkatan jumlah pori dan
permukaan karbon aktif terlihat semakin jelas seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu aktivasi.
Kata kunci: karbon aktif, bambu swat, karakteristik, suhu aktivasi

Abstract
The needs of activated carbon is widely used in various fields of life. Commercial activated carbon is generally sourced
from coal which is a limited source of carbon that is not renewable, so many researchers are developing activated carbon
from biomass such as bamboo. In this study, activated carbon made from bamboo swat (Gigantochloa verticillata) has been
successfully made with variations in activation temperature. This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated
carbon swat bamboo. The manufacture of activated carbon through three processes, namely: dehydration, carbonization and
activation. The carbonization process uses a temperature of 800°C for 1 hour and uses a physics activation method for 1
hour with variations in temperature of 600°C, 700°C, and 800 ° C. then testing the characteristics of activated carbon using
proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and SEM based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995). The results
showed that activated carbon met SNI except ash content was activated carbon activated at 800°C which resulted in moisture
content of 1,99%, volatile matter 9,32%, ash 15.07%, bonded carbon 73,62%, carbon content 79,14%, hydrogen 2,85%,
nitrogen 0,59%. The results of SEM analysis showed an increase in the number of pores and the surface of the active carbon
seen more clearly as the activation temperature increased.
Keywords: activated carbon, swat bamboo, characteristics, activation temperature