The Unwillingness to travel to Bali during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Negative Impact on Tourism and Risk Perception
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread widely throughout the world and was declared a pandemic that caused an impact on all industries, especially on tourism industry. This pandemic situation causes various negative impacts and risk perceptions that affect an individual's unwillingness to travel. This study aims to determine the effect of negative impacts and risk perception on the unwillingness to travel to Bali during COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample was 100 respondents. This research was quantitative research and used multiple linear regression analysis. The results were: (1) Negative Impact has a significant positive effect on Unwillingness to Travel, which the coefficient value is 0,672. (2) Risk Perception has a significant positive effect on Unwillingness to Travel, which the coefficient value is 0,043. (3) Negative Impact and Risk Perception simultaneously affect Unwillingness to Travel, which the constant value was 0,762. This research can be a consideration or reference for Bali tourism to minimize the negative impacts and risks of traveling to Bali during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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References
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Von Tigerstrom, B., & Wilson, K. (2020). COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations (2005). BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002629.
Artuğer, S. (2015). The effect of risk perceptions on tourists’ revisit intentions. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(2), 36-43.
Aziz, N. A., & Long, F. (2022). To travel, or not to travel? The impacts of travel constraints and perceived travel risk on travel intention among Malaysian tourists amid the COVID‐19. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 21(2), 352-362.
Çetinsöz, B. C., & Ege, Z. (2013). Impacts of perceived risks on tourists' revisit intentions. Anatolia, 24(2), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2012.743921
Chen, X., Xia, E., & He, T. (2020). Influence of Traveller Risk Perception on the Willingness to Travel in a Major Epidemic. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15, 901-909. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150614
Collins, A., Corte, V., Gaudio, G., Cobanoglu, C., & Anna, C. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Travelers’ Travel Behavior. International Journal of Business and Management, 17, 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n2p1
Florido-Benítez, L. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on Andalusian tourism and aviation sector. Tourism Review, 76(4), 829-857. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2020-0574
Golets, A., Farias, J., Pilati, R., & Costa, H. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and tourism: The impact of health risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty on travel intentions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02282-6
Gursoy, D., Can, A. S., Williams, N., & Ekinci, Y. (2021). Evolving impacts of COVID-19 vaccination intentions on travel intentions. The Service Industries Journal, 41(11-12), 719-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2021.1938555
Hao, Y., Bai, H., & Sun, S. (2021). How does COVID-19 affect tourism in terms of people’s willingness to travel? Empirical evidence from China. Tourism Review, 76(4), 892-909. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2020-0424
Humagain, P., & Singleton, P. (2021). Exploring tourists’ motivations, constraints, and negotiations regarding outdoor recreation trips during COVID-19 through a focus group study. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36, 100447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100447
Irawan, M. Z., Belgiawan, P. F., Joewono, T. B., Bastarianto, F. F., Rizki, M., & Ilahi, A. (2022). Exploring activity-travel behavior changes during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Transportation, 49(2), 529-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10185-5
Karl, M., & Schmude, J. (2017). Understanding the role of risk (perception) in destination choice: A literature review and synthesis. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 65(2), 138-155.
Kim, E. E. K., Seo, K., & Choi, Y. Compensatory Travel Post COVID-19: Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Risk Perception. Journal of Travel Research, 0(0), 00472875211048930. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211048930
Kolarova, V., Eisenmann, C., Nobis, C., Winkler, C., & Lenz, B. (2021). Analysing the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on everyday travel behaviour in Germany and potential implications for future travel patterns. European Transport Research Review, 13(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-021-00486-2
Kurniawan, D. T., Prasasti, A., Rakhmad, A. A. N., Nur, W., & Hidayat, A. T. (2021). The Influence of Post Millennial Generation Behavior on Travel Intention to the Ecotourism During the 5th Phase of New Normal or COVID-19 in Indonesia. Sixth Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA 2020),
Lee, C.-C., & Chen, M.-P. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the travel and leisure industry returns: Some international evidence. Tourism Economics, 28(2), 451-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620971981
Liu, X., Fu, X., Hua, C., & Li, Z. (2021). Crisis information, communication strategies and customer complaint behaviours: the case of COVID-19. Tourism Review, 76(4), 962-983. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-01-2021-0004
Matiza, T., & Slabbert, E. (2021). Tourism is too dangerous! Perceived risk and the subjective safety of tourism activity in the era of COVID-19. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 36, 580-588.
Mi, J., Lan, D., Liu, M., & Lei, T. (2021). The Impact of Risk Perception on the Public's Willingness to Travel Long/Short Distances: the Mediating Role of Negative Emotions.
Morar, C., Tiba, A., Basarin, B., Vujičić, M., Valjarević, A., Niemets, L., Gessert, A., Jovanovic, T., Drugas, M., Grama, V., Stupariu, M., Stoica, A., & Lukić, T. (2021). Predictors of Changes in Travel Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Tourists' Personalities. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(21), 11169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111169
Nagaj, R., & Žuromskaitė, B. (2021). Tourism in the Era of Covid-19 and Its Impact on the Environment. Energies, 14(7), 2000. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/7/2000
Neuburger, L., & Egger, R. (2021). Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: a case study of the DACH region. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1003-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1803807
Orîndaru, A., Popescu, M.-F., Alexoaei, A. P., Căescu, Ș.-C., Florescu, M. S., & Orzan, A.-O. (2021). Tourism in a Post-COVID-19 Era: Sustainable Strategies for Industry’s Recovery. Sustainability, 13(12), 6781.
Park, K., & Reisinger, Y. (2010). Differences in the Perceived Influence of Natural Disasters and Travel Risk on International Travel. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903493621
Sánchez-Cañizares, S. M., Cabeza-Ramírez, L. J., Muñoz-Fernández, G., & Fuentes-García, F. J. (2021). Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 970-984.
Sharifpour, M., Walters, G., & Ritchie, B. W. (2014). Risk perception, prior knowledge, and willingness to travel: Investigating the Australian tourist market’s risk perceptions towards the Middle East. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 20(2), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766713502486
Sharifpour, M., Walters, G., Ritchie, B. W., & Winter, C. (2013). Investigating the Role of Prior Knowledge in Tourist Decision Making: A Structural Equation Model of Risk Perceptions and Information Search. Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513500390
Varadzhakova, D., Naydenov, A., Naumov, N., Rahmanov, F., Gojayeva, E., & Suleymanov, E. (2021). Travel Intentions After Covid-19: A Comparative Assessment of Tourist Motivation and Willingness to Travel in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan.
Von Tigerstrom, B., & Wilson, K. (2020). COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations (2005). BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002629.
Published
2022-10-19
How to Cite
YUDHISTIRA, Putu Gde Arie; SUCISANJIWANI, Gusti Ayu Citra Arya; SYAPUTRA, Selvi Caroline.
The Unwillingness to travel to Bali during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Negative Impact on Tourism and Risk Perception.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 532-552, oct. 2022.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/87495>. Date accessed: 02 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2022.v12.i02.p11.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
