Identifying Cultural Diplomacy and Sustainable Development in Sister Province Cooperation of Bali, Indonesia
Abstract
While States have traditionally formed the focus of International Relations studies, the contributions of local government actors have become increasingly important in both influencing and responding to the forces of global politics, including in the Global South. In this vein, this preliminary study explores the practice of the local government in initiating sister province cooperation in Bali, Indonesia. This study uses three conceptual frameworks: paradiplomacy, sustainable development, and critical discourse analysis. Primary data were collected through interviews with relevant local government officials in Bali and secondary data were gathered from academic articles, official websites, and online news items. This paper identified two most prominent sectors of this cooperation, namely: tourism and culture. These two areas align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While clearly connected with governmental and international goals, challenges remain in implementing sister province cooperation, achieving continuity among the parties involved, and dealing with funding limitations.
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References
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Wardana, A. (2019). Contemporary Bali: Contested Space and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2478-9
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Castan Pinos, J., & Sacramento, J. (2024). Sabotaging paradiplomacy: A typological analysis of counter-paradiplomacy. Ethnopolitics, 23(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2022.2137290
Ciesielska-Klikowska, J., & Kamiński, T. (2022). Paradiplomacy and its Impact on EU Foreign Policy. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v18i1.1223
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Dharmajaya, A. F., & Raharyo, A. (2019). Decentralization of Foreign Cooperation: Case Study of Sister Province Cooperation between West Java, Indonesia and South Australia. Politica, 10(1), 39–55.
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Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis. In T. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction (pp. 258–284). SAGE.
Fathun, L. M. (2022). The Role of Paradiplomacy and the Potential Proto-Diplomacy in the Unitary State. Journal of Islamic World and Politics, 6(2), 298–319. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v6i2.15677
Fau, T. N., & Rachman, F. (2017, December 22). Uttarakhand di India Jadikan Bali “Sister Province.” Validnews.id. https://www.validnews.id/ekonomi/--Uttarakhand-di--India-Jadikan-Bali--Sister-Province--XkV
Government of Bali. (2006). Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 39 Tahun 2006 tentang Pedoman Kerjasama dengan Pihak Luar Negeri. https://jdih.baliprov.go.id/produk-hukum/peraturan/abstrak/6041
Harirah, Z., Azwar, W., & Isril, I. (2021). Melacak Eksistensi Kearifan Lokal dalam Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Kabupaten Siak di Era Globalisasi. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 10(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v10i1.26629
Intentilia, A. A. M., & Surya Putra, A. A. B. N. A. (2021). From Local to Global: Examining Sister City Cooperation as Paradiplomacy Practice in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 13(2), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.357-367
Keating, M. (2013). Regions and International Affairs: Motives, Opportunities and Strategies. In F. Aldecoa & M. Keating (Eds.), Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments. Routledge.
Kuznetsov, A. S. (2015). Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs. Routledge.
Lestari, N. P. S. (2023). Northeast Asian Youth Camp on Sustainable Development 2023. Personal Documentation.
Lestari, N. P. S. (2023, September 19). Interview Result on 19 September 2023 [Online Interview].
Lestari, N. P. S. (2024, February 19). Interview Result on 19 February 2024 [Online Interview].
Novialdi, R., Ahmad, R., Muhammad, Z., Saputra, J., & Bon, A. T. (2021). A Review of Paradiplomacy Literature: Mini-Review Approach. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Singapore, March 7-11, 2021, 6253–6268.
Novialdi, R., Rassanjani, S., & Ramadani, I. (2022). The Practice of Paradiplomacy in Indo-Pacific Region: Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v1i1.33
Nurhayati, D. (2017, April 24). Bali declared world’s top destination for 2017. Thejakartapost.Com. https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/04/24/bali-declared-worlds-top-destination-for-2017.html#:~:text=The%20planning%20and%20booking%20travel,outstanding%20destinations%20across%20the%20globe.
Ocón, D. (2021). Cultural Diplomacy and Co-operation in ASEAN: The Role of Arts and Culture Festivals. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 17(2), 277–305. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-bja10081
Oddone, N. (2023). Paradiplomacy. In N. Oddone, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.797
Paquin, S. (2020). Paradiplomacy. In T. Balzacq, F. Charillon, & F. Ramel (Eds.), Global Diplomacy: An Introduction to Theory and Practice (pp. 49–62). Palgrave Macmillan.
Pemerintah Provinsi Bali. (2023, December 9). Perkuat Kerjasama Sister Province, Pj. Gubernur Bali Terima Kunjungan Kehormatan Wagub Jiangxi [Official Website]. baliprov.go.id. https://www.baliprov.go.id/web/perkuat-kerjasama-sister-province-pj-gubernur-bali-terima-kunjungan-kehormatan-wagub-jiangxi/
Pletsan, K., Konovalova, M., Varenia, N., Khodanovych, V., & Rozvadovskyi, O. (2022). The Possibilities of Cultural Diplomacy for Sustainable Development at Different Levels of Social Interactions. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 22(7), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2022.22.7.34
Putra, I. N. D. (2013). Localizing the Global and Globalizing the Local: Opportunities and Challenges in Bali Island Tourism Development. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 3(2), 119–136.
Putra, I. N. D. (2019). Personal Documentation of ITOP Forum 2019. Personal Documentation.
Reuter, T. (2010). Globalization and Regionalism: The Rise of a New Cultural Movement in Bali, Indonesia. In H. Cao & E. Morrell (Eds.), Regional Minorities and Development in Asia (pp. 157–169). Routledge.
Simons, H. (2014). Case Study Research: In-Depth Understanding in Context. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press.
Struckmann, C. (2018). A postcolonial feminist critique of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A South African application. Agenda, 32(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2018.1433362
Sultana, F. (2018). An(Other) geographical critique of development and SDGs. Dialogues in Human Geography, 8(2), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820618780788
UN DESA. (no date). Sustainable Tourism [Official Website]. Sdgs.Un.Org. https://sdgs.un.org/topics/sustainable-tourism
UNESCO. (2023, April 20). Cutting Edge—From Standing Out to Reaching Out: Cultural Diplomacy for Sustainable Development [Official Website]. Unesco.Org. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/cutting-edge-standing-out-reaching-out-cultural-diplomacy-sustainable-development
United Cities and Local Governments. (2018, May). Culture in the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guide for Local Action. United Cities and Local Governments. https://www.uclg.org/sites/default/files/culture_in_the_sdgs.pdf
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Utomo, A. B. (2022). Paradiplomacy as the product of state transformation in the era of globalisation: The case of Indonesia. JANUS NET E-Journal of International Relation, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.13.1.5
Utomo, A. B. (2024). Diplomasi Kota: Teori, Praktik, dan Prospek (1st ed.). Suluh Media.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (Second Edition, pp. 466–485). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://discourses.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Teun-A.-van-Dijk-2015-Critical-discourse-Analysis.pdf
Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and practice: New tools for critical discourse analysis. Oxford University Press.
Verheijen, B., & Putra, I. N. D. (2020). Balinese cultural identity and global tourism: The Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park. Asian Ethnicity, 21(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2019.1641691
Wardana, A. (2019). Contemporary Bali: Contested Space and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2478-9
Wardani, D. K. (2021). Paradiplomasi Pemerintah Provinsi Bali untuk Sister Province Bali dengan Ho Chi Minh di Bidang Pariwisata. Review of International Relations, 3(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24252/rir.v3i1.22429
Weiss, G., & Wodak, R. (2003). Introduction: Theory, Interdisciplinarity and Critical Discourse Analysis. In G. Weiss & R. Wodak (Eds.), Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity (pp. 1–32). Palgrave Macmillan.
Wiguna, D., & Budhiana, N. (2018, April 26). “Sister Province” Bali-India Dongkrak Kunjungan Wisman. antaranews.com. https://bali.antaranews.com/berita/127638/sister-province-bali-india-dongkrak-kunjungan-wisman
Wu, D. (2020). City Diplomacy, Multilateral Networks and the Role of Southeast Asia. Jurnal Global & Strategis, 14(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.1.2020.17-30
Published
2024-10-04
How to Cite
INTENTILIA, Anak Agung Mia.
Identifying Cultural Diplomacy and Sustainable Development in Sister Province Cooperation of Bali, Indonesia.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 373-400, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/115558>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2024.v14.i02.p04.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
