The Ancient Tantric in Balinese Contemporary Art
Abstract
In recent years, artists from various cultures have increasingly drawn on the spiritual and philosophical principles of ancient tantra. This article explores the influence of ancient tantric traditions on contemporary Balinese arts. It employed an innovative art-based research methodology utilizing qualitative, interpretive, and practice-based research methods. These included observation, interviews, and document analysis while integrating theoretical frameworks, symbolic perspectives, and theo-aesthetic considerations. The research reveals how artists transform and reinterpret tantric themes in their work, highlighting the complex relationship between modern expressions and ancient inspirations. Balinese art, as the study shows, achieves beauty by blending opposites, such as masculine and feminine qualities, through the concept of lanang-wadon. By examining this topic, the research provides valuable insights into the evolving relationship between spirituality, creativity, and cultural exchange in Bali and the interconnected world. This study underscores the dynamic interplay between ancient traditions and contemporary artistic practices, showcasing a unique fusion that enriches both the art and its cultural context.
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References
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Nordholt, H. S. (1994). The making of traditional Bali: Colonial ethnography and bureaucratic reproduction. History and Anthropology, 8(1-4), 89-127.
Ramos, I. (2020). Tantra: enlightenment to revolution. London, UK: Thames and Hudson.
Relin, D. E. (2014). Tantra teaching in Bali. History, 4(12), 27-35.
Padoux, A. (2017). The Hindu Tantric World: An Overview.
Putu, I. P. E. P. (2023). Perbandingan Advaita Vedanta, Dvaita, dan Vishishtadvaita dalam Filsafat Agama Hindu. Global Education Journal, 1(2), 62-71.
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Timalsina, S. (2016). A cognitive approach to Tantric language. Religions, 7(12), 139.
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Ardhana, I. K., & Setiawan, I. K. (2014). Raja Udayana Warmadewa. Denpasar: Pemerintah Kabupaten Gianyar and Center for Bali Studies, Pusat Kajian Bali-Universitas Udayana.
Ardhana, I. K., & Wijaya, I. N. (2017). Indian influences on Balinese culture: the role of Hinduism and Buddhism in present-day Bali. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 4(1), 88-105.
Ardika, I. W., & Bellwood, P. (1991). Sembiran: the beginnings of Indian contact with Bali. Antiquity, 65(247),221-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00079679
Aryasih, P. A. (2022) Sumping Biu: A Special Dish of The Mejauman Ceremony in Bali.
Audi, R., & Audi, P. (Eds.). (1999). The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy (Vol. 584). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barendregt, (2005). Abhidhamma notes).
Bhattacharyya, N. N. (2002). History of the Tantric religion: A historical, ritualistic, and philosophical study. Journal of the American Oriental Society 122(1):193. DOI:10.2307/3087748.
Bjonnes, R., & Wilber, K. (2010). Tantra and Veda : The Untold Story By Roar Bjonnes.
Bjonnes, R. (2011). The Dawn of Enlightenment. In M. Towsey (Ed.), Eternal Dance of Macrocosm: An Encyclopaedia of Matter, Mind and Consciousness (Vol. 2, p. 125).
Calo, A. (2020). Durgā Mahiṣāsuramardinī in Likely Tantric Buddhist Context from the Northern Indian Subcontinent to 11th-Century Bali. https://doi.org/10.25501/SOAS.00032820
Darma Putra, I. N., Verheijen, B., Ardika, I. W., & Yanthy, P. S. (2021). Affinity tourism and exotic tourism in Bali. The Chinese and Indian tourists gaze in the Garuda Wisnu Kencana Park. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 19(4), 427-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2020.1797063
Danto, A. C. (1981). The transfiguration of the commonplace: a philosophy of art. Harvard University Press.
Dimech, P. (2019). Von Balthasar’s Theo-aesthetics Applied to Religious Education. In: Buchanan, M., Gellel, AM. (eds) Global Perspectives on Catholic Religious Education in Schools. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6127-2_9
Donder, I. K. (2021). Aspects of Bali Culture and Religion: The Implementation of Vedic Teaching as The Basis of Balinese Hindu Religious Life. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 5(3), 1124-1138.
Eiseman, F. B. (2011). Bali: Sekala & niskala: Essays on religion, ritual, and art. Tuttle Publishing.
Harper Collins Publishers. (2014). Collins English Dictionary: Complete and unabridged.
Jaman, I. G. (1999). Fungsi dan manfaat rerajahan dalam kehidupan. Paramita.
Jung, C. G. (2012). Man and his symbols. Bantam.
Karja, I. W. (2020). Kosmologi Bali Visualisasi Warna Pangider Bhuwana dalam Seni Lukis Kontemporer. Denpasar: UNHI Press.
Karja, I. W. (2022). Color Healing the Balinese Mandala Color in Painting Practice. IJSSHR. DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i5-03, Impact factor- 5.871
Karja, I W. (2023a). The Inspiration Lake Batur Bali In Painting Practice. Ra Journal of Applied Research, 09(03), 128–134. DOI:10.47191/rajar/v9i3.01
Karja, I. W. (2023b). Abstract Painting of Bali: A Fusion of Art, Religion, and Philosophy. Hong Kong Journal of Social Science, 61, 26-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.61.4
Karja, I. W. (2007). Seni Rupa Kontemporer: Refleksi Nilai Lokal-Global. Jurnal Warna, 1(1), 33-49.
Leavy, P. (2020). Method meets art: Arts-based research practice. Guilford publications.
Madani, Linda. (2011). Yoga Pranala Intensive. Ubud: Intuitive Flow.
McDaniel, J. (2020). Mysticism among the Pedandas of Bali. Religions, 11(11), 585.
McGrath, A. E. (2022). Historical theology: An introduction to the history of Christian thought. John Wiley & Sons.
McNiff, S. (2008). Art-based research. Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues, 29-40.
Mookerjee, A., & Khanna, M. (2003). The tantric way: Art, science, ritual. Thames & Hudson.
Nala, N. (2006). Aksara Bali dalam Usada. Pāramita.
Nordholt, H. S. (1994). The making of traditional Bali: Colonial ethnography and bureaucratic reproduction. History and Anthropology, 8(1-4), 89-127.
Ramos, I. (2020). Tantra: enlightenment to revolution. London, UK: Thames and Hudson.
Relin, D. E. (2014). Tantra teaching in Bali. History, 4(12), 27-35.
Padoux, A. (2017). The Hindu Tantric World: An Overview.
Putu, I. P. E. P. (2023). Perbandingan Advaita Vedanta, Dvaita, dan Vishishtadvaita dalam Filsafat Agama Hindu. Global Education Journal, 1(2), 62-71.
Schneider, A. (2020). Appropriations In Contemporary art and anthropology (pp. 29-51). Routledge.
Potter, B. D. (2022). Hans Urs Von Balthasar and the Phenomenology of Art: Broken Open by Beauty. Rowman & Littlefield.
Ramabrahmam, V. (2024). Concept of Advaita and Dvaita States of Mind. Channels.
Ruta, I. M., & Karja, I. W. (2023). Balinese Hindu Philosophy in Mandala Painting. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(04), 2389-2397. DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i4-50,
Saraswati, Swami Satyananda. 2022. Kundalini Tantra. Munger, Bihar, India: Yoga Publications Trust.
Sari, N., Intan Pinatih, D., Juniarta, I., & Supriliyani, N. (2022). Dualitas Sekala-Niskala dalam Pararem Gering Agung: Memahami Penanganan Covid-19 Berbasis Adat dari Perspektif Kebijakan Publik di Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal Of Bali Studies), 12(1), 43-68. doi:10.24843/JKB.2022.v12.i01.p03
Sarip, M. (2020). Kajian Etimologis Kerajaan (Kutai) Martapura di Muara Kaman, Kalimantan Timur. Yupa: Historical Studies Journal, 4(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v4i2.264.
Stiles, K., & Selz, P. (2012). Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists’ Writings (Revised and Expanded by Kristine Stiles). Univ of California Press.
Sullivan, G. (2010). Art practice as research: Inquiry in visual arts. Sage.
Timalsina, S. (2016). A cognitive approach to Tantric language. Religions, 7(12), 139.
Turner, C. (1993). Tradition and change: Contemporary art of Asia and the Pacific.
Utama, I. W. B. (2016). The existence and the sustainability of the tantrism in Bali. International journal of linguistics, literature, and culture, 2(4), 53-63.
Utama, I. W. B. (2019). Lokalisasi Tantra di Bali. PT. Japa Widya Duta dengan Pascasarjana UNHI.
Utama, I. W. B, Suka Yasa, I. W., Gde Yudha Triguna, I. B., & Agung Paramita, I. G. (2020). Genealogy of Sakti Worship in Bali. Talent Development & Excellence, 12.
Vilar, M. (2023). Transfiguration. In The Routledge Handbook of Religion and the Body (pp. 104-119). Routledge.
Yoga Segara, I., & Kuckreja, R. (2024). The Social Stratification System in Forming a Balinese Identity. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal Of Bali Studies), 14(1), 1-18. doi:10.24843/JKB.2024.v14.i01.p01
Published
2024-10-04
How to Cite
KARJA, I Wayan; FELDMAN, Roni.
The Ancient Tantric in Balinese Contemporary Art.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 324-347, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kajianbali/article/view/114311>. Date accessed: 02 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2024.v14.i02.p02.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
