Human Rights and the Environmental Protection: The Naïveté in Environmental Culture
Abstract
There are growing trends in the human rights to substantially extend the values to protect the environment or moreover to welcome the ideas of the rights to environment, not to mention the rights of environment. The purpose is to inclusively embrace the environmental problems wherein the humanity challenges posited on, but this agenda may leave a room of doubt how far the human rights body can address the environmental destruction as it needs the interplay of culture and environmental ethics to promoting such concepts. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the justification of how human rights in the environmental protection in the contemporary discourse are bringing to light, as many current cases attempt to linkage the environmental approach to the human rights instrument, such as the rights to life, healthy environment, and intergenerational equity. To analyse further, the theoretical framework in this paper will be explicated by environmental culture paradigm which illustrates the egalitarian concept between human and environment to elicit the clear thoughts of how human rights is naïve to protect the environment. This article will firstly depict the human rights and the environmental protection discourse and then, explore the naïveté narratives of environmental culture about the ecological crisis roots that are fundamentally anthropogenic, as to reflect the ground realities how this nexus will play out. Finally, this paper found the moral justification per se relies on the effort of elaborating the human prudence in their relationship with nature, albeit bringing the naïveté.
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References
BOOK
Albert Lange, Frerderick. The History of Materialism and Criticism of Its Present Importance. 1st German Edition, London: Lund Humphries, 1865.
Anton, Donald K. and Dinah L. Shelton. Environmental Protection and Human Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Bantekas, Ilias and Lutz Oette, International Human Rights Law and Practice, 2nd Edition. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Bell, Linda S., Andrew J. Nathan, and Ilan Peleg. Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Bentham, Jeremy, Anarchical Fallacies; Being an Examination of the Declaration of Rights Issued during the French Revolution, republished in The Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. II, ed. J. Bowring. Edinburgh: William Tait, 1843.
Boyle, Alan E., and Michael R. Anderson. Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames, eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Cooper, David E. The Measure of Things: Humanism, Humility, and Mystery, 1st edition, United States: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Davidson, Ian. Voltaire in Exile. New York: Grove Press, 2004.
Thoreau, Henry David. “Walden; or, Life in the Woods, ed.” FB Sanborn 2. 1985.
Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, David M. Ong, and Panos Merkouris, (eds). Research Hand-book on International Environmental Law, GWU: Legal Studies Research Paper, 2011.
Gallagher, Kenneth T. The Philosophy of Knowledge. California: Fordham University Press, 1962.
Grotius, Hugo. The Classic of International Law, Vol. II, Ed. James Brown Scott. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925.
Heyd, Thomas. Encountering Nature: Towards Environmental Culture. Hamphsire: Ashgate, 2007.
Kiss, Alexander and Dinah Shelton. International Law. New York: Transnational Publishers, 1991.
Mies, Maria and Vandana Shiva. Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books, 2014.
Murphy, Patrick D. Literature, Nature, and Other: Ecofeminist Critiques. New York:
State University of New York Press, 1995.
Nickel, James W. Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. London: University of California Press, 1987.
O’Neil, R. John, Kerry Turner, and Ian J. Bateman, Environmental Ethics and Philosophy. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
Orend, Briand. Human Rights: Concept and Context. Canada: Broadview Press, 2002.
Plumwood, Val. Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Plumwood, Val. The Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London: Routledge, 1993
Rehman, Javaid. “International Human Rights Law: A Practical Approach”, England: Pearson Education Limited, (2003).
Raphael, Edwin. The Pathway of Non-duality, Advaitavada: an approach to some key-points of Gaudapada’s Asparśavāda and Śamkara’s Advaita Vedanta by means of a series of questions answered by an Asparśin. Iia: Philosophy Series Motilal Banarsidass, 1992.
Synnott, Anthony. Re-Thinking Men: Heroes, Villains, and Victims. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Taylor, Paul W. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2011.
Van Kley, Dale. The French Idea of Freedom, the Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789. California: Stanford University Press, 1994.
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK
Besson, Samantha, “Justification.” In International Human Rights Law, edited by Daniel Moeckli, Sangeeta Shah, and Sandesh Sivakumaran, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Drydyk, Jay. ”Responsible Pluralism, Capabilities, and Human Rights.” In Human Rights and the Capabilities Approach: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue, edited by Diane Elson, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, and Polly Vizard. New York: Routledge, 2012.
Eckersley, R. “Anthropocentric/Ecocentric Cleavage.” In Green Ethics and Philosophy: An A-to-Z Guide, edited by Julie Newman and Paul Robbins. USA: Sage, 2011.
Merrills, John G. “Environmental Rights.” In International Environmental Law, edited by Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnee, and Ellen Hey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Shelton, Dinah L. “Human Rights and the Environment: Substantive Rights. In Research Handbook on International Environmental Law edited by Malgosia Fitzmaurice, David M. Ong and Panos Merkouris. GWU: Legal Studies Research Paper, 2013.
Redgwell, C. “Life, Universe, and Everything: A Critique of Anthropocentric Rights.” In Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, edited by A. Boyle and M. Anderson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Atapattu, Sumudu. ‘The Right to a Healthy Life or the Right to Die Polluted? The Emergence of a Human Right to a Healthy Environment Under International Law.’ Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16, no.1 (2002): 65-126. Chapter or other part of an edited bookLaw.” Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16, no. 1 (2002): 65-126. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43292777.
Borrà̀s, Susana. “New Transitions from Human Rights to the Environment to the Rights of Nature.” Transnational Environmental Law 5, no. 1 (2016): 113-143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204710251500028X
Boyle, Alan. “Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?.” European Journal of International Law 23, no. 3 (2012): 613-642. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/ chs054
Bratspies, Rebecca, “Do We Need a Human Right to a Healthy Environment?”, Santa Clara Journal of International Law 13, no.1 (2015): 31-69.
Callicott, J. Baird. “Conceptual Resources Traditions for Environmental Ethics in Asian of Thought: A Propaedeutic.” Philosophy East and West 37, no. 2 (1987): 115-30. doi:10.2307/1398732.
Daly, Erin. “The Ecuadorian Exemplar: The Firstever Vindications of Constitutional Rights of Nature.” Review of European, Comparative & International Environ-mental Law 21, no. 1 (2012): 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2012.00744.x
Dietz, Thomas, Amy Fitzgerald, and Rachael Shwom. “Environmental values.” An-nual. Review Environmental Resources. 30 (2005): 335-372. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144444
Galizzi, Paolo. “From Stockholm to New York, via Rio and Johannesburg: Has the Environment Lost its Way on the Global Agenda.” Fordham Int’l LJ 29, no. 5 (2005): 952-1008.
Hallen, Patsy. “Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason” (rev), Ethics and the Environment 7, no. 2, (2002): 181-184. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40339041.
Horn, Laura. “The Implications of the Concept of Common Concern of a Human Kind an a Human Right to a Healthy Environment.” Macquarie J. Int’l & Comp. Envtl. L. 1 (2004): 233-268.
John P. Humphrey, ‘Memoirs of John P. Humphrey: The First Director of the United Nations Divi¬sion of Human Rights,’ Human Rights Quarterly 5, no.4 (1983): 387–439.
Johnston, Barbara Rose. “Human Rights and the Environment,” Human Ecology 23, no. 2 (1995): 111-123.
Knox, John H. “Climate Change and Human Rights Law”, Va. J. Int’l Law 50, no.1 (2009):163-218.
Lalander, Rickard. “Rights of nature and the indigenous Peoples in Bolivia and Ecuador: A Straitjacket for Progressive Development Politics?”, Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies 3 No. 2 (2014):148-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn. 2554291
Orr, David W. and David Ehrenfeld. “None So Blind: The Problem of Ecological De-nial.” Conservation Biology 9, no. 5 (1995): 985-987. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/2387037.
Rodriguez-Rivera, Luis E. “Is the Human Right to Environment Recognised under International Law? It Depends on the Source”, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 12, no 1 (2001):1-45.
Rose, Deborah Bird, Thom van Dooren, Matthew Chrulew, Stuart Cooke, Matthew Kearnes, and Emily O’Gorman. “Thinking through the environment, unsettling the humanities.” Environmental Humanities 1, no. 1 (2012): 1-5.
Shelton, Dinah. “Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and the Right to Environment”, Stanford Journal of International Environmental Law 28, (1991):103-138.
Stone, Christopher D. “Should Trees Have Standing-Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects.” S. Cal. l. rev. 45 (1972): 450-501.
Tasioulas, John. “Are Human Rights Essentially Triggers for Intervention?.” Philosophy Compass 4, no. 6 (2009): 938-950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00246.x
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Adopted 27 June 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force 21 October 1986.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. UN Doc. A/CONF.151/26 (vol. I); 31 ILM 874 (1992).
United Nations General Assembly, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, U.N. Doc. A/Conf.48/14/Rev. 1(1973); 11 ILM 1416 (1972).
United Nations General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993.
United Nations General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999.
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 217 A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948.
United Nations. Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1.
United Nations. Report of the Joint OHCHR-UNEP Meeting of Experts on Human Rights and the Environment (14-15 January 2002).
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 16/11, Human Rights and the Environment. 24 Mar. 2011.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 19/12. Human Rights and the Environment. 20 Mar. 2012.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 34/20. Human Rights and the Environment’ 24 Mar. 2017.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Report of United Nations Independent Expert on human rights and the environment with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 21-22 June 2013.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Annual Report Res. 19/34. Analytical study on the relationship between human rights and the environment. 16 Dec. 2011.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), General Comment No. 6, ‘The Right to Life (Article 6)’, 16th Session, 30 Apr.1982.
WEBSITE CONTENT
Boyd, David R. “The Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment” (2013) Law Now in relating law to life in Canada, [online] available at http://www.lawnow. org/right-to-healthy-environment/ accessed on 25 December 2017.
Hansen, James E.,“Amicus Curiae Brief Petition Requesting for Investigation of the Responsibility of the Carbon Majors for Human Rights Violations or Threats of Violations Resulting from the Impacts of Climate Change, Commis-sioners, Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines’ published on 16th December 2016, https://business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/ documents/2017.08.28_Jim.Hansen.Amicus_Comm_Human%20Rights_0.pdf accessed on 12 February 2018.
High Commissioner for Human Rights and United Nations on Environmental Programme, “Human Rights and the Environment, Rio+20: Joint Report OH-CHR and UNEP” published on 19th June 2012, http://srenvironment.org/ wp-content/uploads/2013/05/JointReportOHCHRandUNEPonHumanRight-sandtheEnvironment.pdf accessed on 10 January 2018.
CASES LAW
Beatrice Mendoza et al v. State of Argentina et al case concerning damages resulting from environmental pollution of Matanza/Riachuelo river, M. 1569. XL.
EHP v Canada (Communication No. 67/1980) (1982) 3 3.
Lopez Ostra v. Spain, 20 EHRR (1994) 277.
Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights (MFHR) v. Greece, 26th April 2005.
Collective Complaint No. 30/2005. Case Document 1.
Maya indigenous v. Belize, Case 12.053, Report No. 40/04, Inter-Am. C.H.R., OEA/ Ser.L/V/II.122 Doc. 5 rev. 1 at 727 (2004).
Öneryıldız v Turkey, App no 48939/99, ECHR 2004-XII, (2005).
Albert Lange, Frerderick. The History of Materialism and Criticism of Its Present Importance. 1st German Edition, London: Lund Humphries, 1865.
Anton, Donald K. and Dinah L. Shelton. Environmental Protection and Human Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Bantekas, Ilias and Lutz Oette, International Human Rights Law and Practice, 2nd Edition. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Bell, Linda S., Andrew J. Nathan, and Ilan Peleg. Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Bentham, Jeremy, Anarchical Fallacies; Being an Examination of the Declaration of Rights Issued during the French Revolution, republished in The Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. II, ed. J. Bowring. Edinburgh: William Tait, 1843.
Boyle, Alan E., and Michael R. Anderson. Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames, eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Cooper, David E. The Measure of Things: Humanism, Humility, and Mystery, 1st edition, United States: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Davidson, Ian. Voltaire in Exile. New York: Grove Press, 2004.
Thoreau, Henry David. “Walden; or, Life in the Woods, ed.” FB Sanborn 2. 1985.
Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, David M. Ong, and Panos Merkouris, (eds). Research Hand-book on International Environmental Law, GWU: Legal Studies Research Paper, 2011.
Gallagher, Kenneth T. The Philosophy of Knowledge. California: Fordham University Press, 1962.
Grotius, Hugo. The Classic of International Law, Vol. II, Ed. James Brown Scott. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925.
Heyd, Thomas. Encountering Nature: Towards Environmental Culture. Hamphsire: Ashgate, 2007.
Kiss, Alexander and Dinah Shelton. International Law. New York: Transnational Publishers, 1991.
Mies, Maria and Vandana Shiva. Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books, 2014.
Murphy, Patrick D. Literature, Nature, and Other: Ecofeminist Critiques. New York:
State University of New York Press, 1995.
Nickel, James W. Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. London: University of California Press, 1987.
O’Neil, R. John, Kerry Turner, and Ian J. Bateman, Environmental Ethics and Philosophy. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
Orend, Briand. Human Rights: Concept and Context. Canada: Broadview Press, 2002.
Plumwood, Val. Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Plumwood, Val. The Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London: Routledge, 1993
Rehman, Javaid. “International Human Rights Law: A Practical Approach”, England: Pearson Education Limited, (2003).
Raphael, Edwin. The Pathway of Non-duality, Advaitavada: an approach to some key-points of Gaudapada’s Asparśavāda and Śamkara’s Advaita Vedanta by means of a series of questions answered by an Asparśin. Iia: Philosophy Series Motilal Banarsidass, 1992.
Synnott, Anthony. Re-Thinking Men: Heroes, Villains, and Victims. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Taylor, Paul W. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2011.
Van Kley, Dale. The French Idea of Freedom, the Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789. California: Stanford University Press, 1994.
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK
Besson, Samantha, “Justification.” In International Human Rights Law, edited by Daniel Moeckli, Sangeeta Shah, and Sandesh Sivakumaran, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Drydyk, Jay. ”Responsible Pluralism, Capabilities, and Human Rights.” In Human Rights and the Capabilities Approach: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue, edited by Diane Elson, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, and Polly Vizard. New York: Routledge, 2012.
Eckersley, R. “Anthropocentric/Ecocentric Cleavage.” In Green Ethics and Philosophy: An A-to-Z Guide, edited by Julie Newman and Paul Robbins. USA: Sage, 2011.
Merrills, John G. “Environmental Rights.” In International Environmental Law, edited by Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnee, and Ellen Hey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Shelton, Dinah L. “Human Rights and the Environment: Substantive Rights. In Research Handbook on International Environmental Law edited by Malgosia Fitzmaurice, David M. Ong and Panos Merkouris. GWU: Legal Studies Research Paper, 2013.
Redgwell, C. “Life, Universe, and Everything: A Critique of Anthropocentric Rights.” In Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, edited by A. Boyle and M. Anderson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Atapattu, Sumudu. ‘The Right to a Healthy Life or the Right to Die Polluted? The Emergence of a Human Right to a Healthy Environment Under International Law.’ Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16, no.1 (2002): 65-126. Chapter or other part of an edited bookLaw.” Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16, no. 1 (2002): 65-126. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43292777.
Borrà̀s, Susana. “New Transitions from Human Rights to the Environment to the Rights of Nature.” Transnational Environmental Law 5, no. 1 (2016): 113-143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204710251500028X
Boyle, Alan. “Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?.” European Journal of International Law 23, no. 3 (2012): 613-642. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/ chs054
Bratspies, Rebecca, “Do We Need a Human Right to a Healthy Environment?”, Santa Clara Journal of International Law 13, no.1 (2015): 31-69.
Callicott, J. Baird. “Conceptual Resources Traditions for Environmental Ethics in Asian of Thought: A Propaedeutic.” Philosophy East and West 37, no. 2 (1987): 115-30. doi:10.2307/1398732.
Daly, Erin. “The Ecuadorian Exemplar: The Firstever Vindications of Constitutional Rights of Nature.” Review of European, Comparative & International Environ-mental Law 21, no. 1 (2012): 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2012.00744.x
Dietz, Thomas, Amy Fitzgerald, and Rachael Shwom. “Environmental values.” An-nual. Review Environmental Resources. 30 (2005): 335-372. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144444
Galizzi, Paolo. “From Stockholm to New York, via Rio and Johannesburg: Has the Environment Lost its Way on the Global Agenda.” Fordham Int’l LJ 29, no. 5 (2005): 952-1008.
Hallen, Patsy. “Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason” (rev), Ethics and the Environment 7, no. 2, (2002): 181-184. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40339041.
Horn, Laura. “The Implications of the Concept of Common Concern of a Human Kind an a Human Right to a Healthy Environment.” Macquarie J. Int’l & Comp. Envtl. L. 1 (2004): 233-268.
John P. Humphrey, ‘Memoirs of John P. Humphrey: The First Director of the United Nations Divi¬sion of Human Rights,’ Human Rights Quarterly 5, no.4 (1983): 387–439.
Johnston, Barbara Rose. “Human Rights and the Environment,” Human Ecology 23, no. 2 (1995): 111-123.
Knox, John H. “Climate Change and Human Rights Law”, Va. J. Int’l Law 50, no.1 (2009):163-218.
Lalander, Rickard. “Rights of nature and the indigenous Peoples in Bolivia and Ecuador: A Straitjacket for Progressive Development Politics?”, Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies 3 No. 2 (2014):148-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn. 2554291
Orr, David W. and David Ehrenfeld. “None So Blind: The Problem of Ecological De-nial.” Conservation Biology 9, no. 5 (1995): 985-987. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/2387037.
Rodriguez-Rivera, Luis E. “Is the Human Right to Environment Recognised under International Law? It Depends on the Source”, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 12, no 1 (2001):1-45.
Rose, Deborah Bird, Thom van Dooren, Matthew Chrulew, Stuart Cooke, Matthew Kearnes, and Emily O’Gorman. “Thinking through the environment, unsettling the humanities.” Environmental Humanities 1, no. 1 (2012): 1-5.
Shelton, Dinah. “Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and the Right to Environment”, Stanford Journal of International Environmental Law 28, (1991):103-138.
Stone, Christopher D. “Should Trees Have Standing-Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects.” S. Cal. l. rev. 45 (1972): 450-501.
Tasioulas, John. “Are Human Rights Essentially Triggers for Intervention?.” Philosophy Compass 4, no. 6 (2009): 938-950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00246.x
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Adopted 27 June 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force 21 October 1986.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. UN Doc. A/CONF.151/26 (vol. I); 31 ILM 874 (1992).
United Nations General Assembly, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, U.N. Doc. A/Conf.48/14/Rev. 1(1973); 11 ILM 1416 (1972).
United Nations General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993.
United Nations General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999.
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 217 A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948.
United Nations. Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1.
United Nations. Report of the Joint OHCHR-UNEP Meeting of Experts on Human Rights and the Environment (14-15 January 2002).
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 16/11, Human Rights and the Environment. 24 Mar. 2011.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 19/12. Human Rights and the Environment. 20 Mar. 2012.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). res. 34/20. Human Rights and the Environment’ 24 Mar. 2017.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Report of United Nations Independent Expert on human rights and the environment with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 21-22 June 2013.
Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Annual Report Res. 19/34. Analytical study on the relationship between human rights and the environment. 16 Dec. 2011.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), General Comment No. 6, ‘The Right to Life (Article 6)’, 16th Session, 30 Apr.1982.
WEBSITE CONTENT
Boyd, David R. “The Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment” (2013) Law Now in relating law to life in Canada, [online] available at http://www.lawnow. org/right-to-healthy-environment/ accessed on 25 December 2017.
Hansen, James E.,“Amicus Curiae Brief Petition Requesting for Investigation of the Responsibility of the Carbon Majors for Human Rights Violations or Threats of Violations Resulting from the Impacts of Climate Change, Commis-sioners, Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines’ published on 16th December 2016, https://business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/ documents/2017.08.28_Jim.Hansen.Amicus_Comm_Human%20Rights_0.pdf accessed on 12 February 2018.
High Commissioner for Human Rights and United Nations on Environmental Programme, “Human Rights and the Environment, Rio+20: Joint Report OH-CHR and UNEP” published on 19th June 2012, http://srenvironment.org/ wp-content/uploads/2013/05/JointReportOHCHRandUNEPonHumanRight-sandtheEnvironment.pdf accessed on 10 January 2018.
CASES LAW
Beatrice Mendoza et al v. State of Argentina et al case concerning damages resulting from environmental pollution of Matanza/Riachuelo river, M. 1569. XL.
EHP v Canada (Communication No. 67/1980) (1982) 3 3.
Lopez Ostra v. Spain, 20 EHRR (1994) 277.
Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights (MFHR) v. Greece, 26th April 2005.
Collective Complaint No. 30/2005. Case Document 1.
Maya indigenous v. Belize, Case 12.053, Report No. 40/04, Inter-Am. C.H.R., OEA/ Ser.L/V/II.122 Doc. 5 rev. 1 at 727 (2004).
Öneryıldız v Turkey, App no 48939/99, ECHR 2004-XII, (2005).
Published
2018-05-25
How to Cite
ANGGRIAWAN WISADHA, Made Adhitya; WIDYANINGSIH, Grita Anindarini.
Human Rights and the Environmental Protection: The Naïveté in Environmental Culture.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 73-96, may 2018.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/35678>. Date accessed: 02 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2018.v02.i01.p04.
Section
Articles
