Kontribusi intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram terhadap citra tubuh remaja perempuan pelajar SMA di Denpasar
Abstract
Citra tubuh adalah persepsi individu secara menyeluruh terhadap tubuhnya, yang meliputi pikiran, perasaan, dan perilaku terhadap tubuh yang dimilikinya. Penilaian tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan dari faktor sosial, khususnya media. Melalui media remaja perempuan mengetahui informasi mengenai standar tubuh yang dianggap ideal di masyarakat. Beberapa tahun belakangan, media sosial berbasis gambar seperti Instagram menjadi alat komunikasi yang banyak digunakan oleh kalangan remaja perempuan. Penggunaan media sosial Instagram dapat ditinjau dari intensitas komunikasi antara pengguna media sosial tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram terhadap citra tubuh remaja perempuan dalam rentang usia 15-18 tahun di Denpasar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik one stage cluster sampling. Responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja perempuan yang merupakan pengguna media sosial Instagram dari tiga Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN) Denpasar berjumlah 311 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram dan skala citra tubuh. Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan metode analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang berlawanan arah dan tingkat hubungan sedang antara intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram terhadap citra tubuh remaja perempuan pelajar SMA di Denpasar (R= 0,473; p < 0,05). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas remaja perempuan dalam berkomunikasi di media sosial Instagram maka mengakibatkan semakin rendah citra tubuh yang dimilikinya. Koefisien determinasi (R2) yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sebesar 0,224 dapat dimaknai bahwa sumbangan variabel intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram dalam menjelaskan varian citra tubuh sebesar 22,4%.
Kata kunci: Citra tubuh, Instagram, intensitas komunikasi, media sosial.
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References
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Lerner, R.M., & Steinberg, L. (2002). Handbook of adolescent psychology edisi 2. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lewallen, J., & Morawitz, E.B. (2016) Pinterest or thinterest? Social comparisons and body image on social media. Social Media + Society, 1-9. doi: 10.1177/20563051166405509.
Mahardika, K. (2015). Pengaruh Instagram terhadap kehidupan remaja. Tulisan pada http://www.academia.edu.
Manago, A.M., Graham, M.B., Greenfield, P.M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on My-Space. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 446-458. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001.
Mayfield, A. (2008). What is social media?. California: iCrossing. Diakses dari http://www.icrossing.com.
Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall: imagery or dual coding?. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 176-206. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(73)90032-7.
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Rudd, N.A. & Lennon, S.J. (2000). Body image and appearance management in college woman. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal , 18(3), 152-162.
Said, A. (2015). Mendidik remaja nakal. Jakarta: Semesta Hikmah.
Santoso, S. (2014). Panduan lengkap SPSS versi 20. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
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Sarwono, S. (2015). Psikologi remaja. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.
Smolak, L., & Thompson, J.K. (2009). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth, assesment, prevention, treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Sunartio, L., Sukamto, M., Dianovinina, K. (2015). Social comparison dan body dissatisfaction pada wanita dewasa awal. Humanitas, 9, 157-168.
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Tiggeman, M., & Miller, J. (2010). The internet and adolescent girls weight satisfaction and drive for thinnes. Sex Roles , 63, 79-90. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9789-z.
Tiggeman, M. & Slater, A. (2013). The internet and adolescent girls weight satistfaction and drive for thinnes. International Journal Eat Disorder, 46, 630-633. Doi: 10.1177/0272431613501083
Utami, A.M.V., Lestari, M.T., & Putra, A. (2015). Pergeseran budaya komunikasi pada era media baru (studi etnografi virtual penggunaan LINE oleh digital natives).
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Wertheim, E.M., & Paxton, S.J. (2012). Body image development – adolescent girls. In Cash, T.F. Encyclopedia of Body Image. Oxford: Elsevier.
Wiranatha, F.D., & Supriyadi. (2015). Hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan kepercayaan diri pada remaja pelajar putri di Kota Denpasar. Journal Psikologi Udayana, 2(1), 38-47
Widiantari, K.S., & Herdiyanto, Y.K. (2013). Perbedaan intensitas komunikasi melalui jejaring sosial antara tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert pada remaja. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 1(1), 106-115.
Banfield, S., & McCabe, M.P. (2002). An evaluation of the construct of body image. Adolescence, 37(146), 373-393. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2017 dari https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Behan, E. (2015). Negative reflections – how social media affects body image satisfaction in irish females. (Naskah tidak dipublikasikan). Master of Science in Marketing, National College of Ireland, Dublin.
Berelson, B., & Streiner, G.A. (1964). Human behavior: An inventory of scientific findings. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World.
Brahmini, I.A.B. (2017). Studi pendahuluan: Citra tubuh remaja perempuan pelajar sma negeri di kota denpasar yang menggunakan media sosial Instagram. (Naskah tidak dipublikasikan). Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.
Brennan, M. L. (2010). Body image perceptions: Do gender differences exist?. Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduated Research, 15(3), 130-138. Diakses dari https://web.uvic.ca.
Cash, T. (2012). Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance. Oxford: Elsevier.
Cash, T. & Smolak, L. (2011). Body image, a handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice edisi 2. New York: The Guildford Publications.
Cash, T.F., & Pruzinsky, T. (2002). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. New York: Guildford Publications.
Cramer, S., & Inkster, B. (2017). #Status mind, social media and young people mental health’s and well being. Royal Society for Public Health. Diakses 1 November 2017 dari https:// rsph.org.uk
Davidson, T.E., & McCabe, M.P. (2006). Adolescent body image and psychological functioning. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), 15-30. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.146.1.15-30.
DeVito, J. (2009). Komunikasi antar manusia. Tangerang: Karisma Publishing Group.
Dewi, I. (2015). Pengantar psikologi media. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka.
Diandra. (2017, Januari 30). Bersama melawan berita palsu. Jakarta: Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. Diakses dari https:// kominfo.go.id
Dittmar, H. (2009). How do "body perfect" ideals in the media have a negative impact on body image and behaviors? factors and processes related to self and identity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.1.
Endersz, N., & Pepin, G. (2015). Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest and co., citra tubuh and social media. Journal Eating Disorder, 3(1). doi: 10.1186/2050-2974-3-S1-O22.
Fardouly, J. D., Diedrichs, P.C., Vartanian, L., & Halliwel, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media, the impact of Facebook on young women's citra tubuh concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002.
Fardouly, J.D., Pinkus, R.T., Vartanian, L. (2017). The impact of appearance comparisons made through social media, traditional media, and in person in women’s everyday lives. Body Image, 20, 31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.11.002
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publication.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Grogan, S. (2008). Body image, understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. New York: Routledge.
Hurlock, E. B. (2002). Psikologi perkembangan, suatu pendekatan sepanjang rentang kehidupan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. (2010). Pengelolaan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2017 dari https:// ditjenpp.kemenkumham.go.id.
Kaplan, & Haenlein,. (2010). Invited comment on the theme of the special issue social media: back to the roots and back to the future. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 14(2), 101-104. doi: 10.1108/13287261211232126.
Kenny,U., Keighran, M., Molcho, M., & Kelly, C. (2016). Peer influences on adolescent body image: friends or foes?. Journal of Adolescent Research, 32(6), 768-799. doi: 10.1177/0743558416665478.
Kvalem, I.L., Soest, T., Roald H.E., & Skolleborg, K.C. (2006). The interplay of personality and negative comments about appearance in predicting body image. Body Image, 3, 263-273. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.04.002.
Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., & Anschutz, D. (2016). Picture perfect: The direct effect of manipulated Instagram photos on body image in adolescent girls. Media Psychology, 21, 93-110. doi: 10.1080/15213269.2016.1257392.
Lerner, R.M., & Steinberg, L. (2002). Handbook of adolescent psychology edisi 2. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lewallen, J., & Morawitz, E.B. (2016) Pinterest or thinterest? Social comparisons and body image on social media. Social Media + Society, 1-9. doi: 10.1177/20563051166405509.
Mahardika, K. (2015). Pengaruh Instagram terhadap kehidupan remaja. Tulisan pada http://www.academia.edu.
Manago, A.M., Graham, M.B., Greenfield, P.M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on My-Space. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 446-458. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001.
Mayfield, A. (2008). What is social media?. California: iCrossing. Diakses dari http://www.icrossing.com.
Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall: imagery or dual coding?. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 176-206. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(73)90032-7.
Papalia, D.E., Old, S.W., & Feldman, R.D. (2011). Human Development. Jakarta: Kencana.
Perloff, R.M. (2014). Social media effects on young women's citra tubuh concerns, theoritical perspectives an an agenda for research. Sex Role, 71(11-12), 363-377. doi: 10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6.
Rudd, N.A. & Lennon, S.J. (2000). Body image and appearance management in college woman. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal , 18(3), 152-162.
Said, A. (2015). Mendidik remaja nakal. Jakarta: Semesta Hikmah.
Santoso, S. (2014). Panduan lengkap SPSS versi 20. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Santrock, J. (2007). Remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sarwono, S. (2015). Psikologi remaja. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.
Smolak, L., & Thompson, J.K. (2009). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth, assesment, prevention, treatment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Sunartio, L., Sukamto, M., Dianovinina, K. (2015). Social comparison dan body dissatisfaction pada wanita dewasa awal. Humanitas, 9, 157-168.
Taylor, S.E., Peplau, L.A., Sears, D.O. (2009). Psikologi sosial edisi 12. Kencana: Jakarta.
Tiggeman, M., & Miller, J. (2010). The internet and adolescent girls weight satisfaction and drive for thinnes. Sex Roles , 63, 79-90. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9789-z.
Tiggeman, M. & Slater, A. (2013). The internet and adolescent girls weight satistfaction and drive for thinnes. International Journal Eat Disorder, 46, 630-633. Doi: 10.1177/0272431613501083
Utami, A.M.V., Lestari, M.T., & Putra, A. (2015). Pergeseran budaya komunikasi pada era media baru (studi etnografi virtual penggunaan LINE oleh digital natives).
E-Proceeding of Management, 2(3), 4042-4050.
Wertheim, E.M., & Paxton, S.J. (2012). Body image development – adolescent girls. In Cash, T.F. Encyclopedia of Body Image. Oxford: Elsevier.
Wiranatha, F.D., & Supriyadi. (2015). Hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan kepercayaan diri pada remaja pelajar putri di Kota Denpasar. Journal Psikologi Udayana, 2(1), 38-47
Widiantari, K.S., & Herdiyanto, Y.K. (2013). Perbedaan intensitas komunikasi melalui jejaring sosial antara tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert pada remaja. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 1(1), 106-115.
Published
2019-04-27
How to Cite
BRAHMINI, Ida Ayu Budha; SUPRIYADI, Drs.
Kontribusi intensitas komunikasi di media sosial Instagram terhadap citra tubuh remaja perempuan pelajar SMA di Denpasar.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 01, p. 109-119, apr. 2019.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/48665>. Date accessed: 15 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2019.v06.i01.p11.
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