NON-CONVICTION BASED ASSET FORFEITURE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN NEGARA AKIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep non-conviction based asset forfeiture sebagai upaya pengembalian kerugian negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi serta untuk mengetahui formulasi non-conviction based asset forfeiture yang sesuai dengan sistem hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, yaitu penelitian yang bersumber dari bahan kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), dan pendekatan Konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jika dilihat pada rumusan norma yang ada dan tersebar dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, sebenarnya Indonesia tidak menganut konsep non-conviction based asset forfeiture yang diterapkan secara paralel dengan perampasan aset in personam, tetapi melainkan ditempatkan sebagai sebuah amunisi apabila perampasan aset in personam tidak dapat dilakukan terhadap harta tercemar dalam rangka pelaksanaan pengembalian kerugian negara. Selanjutnya, tidak efektifnya penyitaan aset hasil korupsi di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan karena belum adanya aturan mengenai perampasan aset terkait formulasi non-conviction based asset, melainkan kurangnya keseragaman ataupun tidak adanya unifikasi, terutama terkait hukum acara non-conviction baset asset tersebut di Indonesia yang tidak sama dengan perampasan aset in personam. Perampasan Aset yang diundangkan sebaiknya perlu memuat dasar gugatan perampasan aset in rem dan mekanisme non-conviction based asset forfeiture yang dapat berjalan bersamaan dengan peradilan pidana supaya dapat secara aplikatif serta maksimal mengembalikan kerugian negara.

This study aims to find out the concept of non-conviction based asset forfeiture as an effort to restore state losses due to corruption and to find out the formulation of non-conviction based asset forfeiture in accordance with the legal system in Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical research method that is descriptive analysis, namely research sourced from library research with statute approach, and Conceptual Approach. The results of this study showed that when viewed in the formulation of existing norms and spread in the legislation in Indonesia, in fact Indonesia does not adhere to the concept of non-conviction based asset forfeiture applied in parallel with the seizure of assets in personam, but rather placed as an ammunition if the seizure of assets in personam can not be carried out against polluted property in the framework of implementing state losses. Furthermore, the ineffective seizure of assets resulting from corruption in Indonesia is not actually due to the absence of rules regarding asset seizure related to the formulation of non-conviction-based assets, but rather the lack of uniformity or absence of unification, especially related to the law of non-conviction baset assets in Indonesia that is not the same as the seizure of assets in personam. The promulgation of assets should contain the basis of the claim for asset forfeiture in brakes and non-conviction based asset forfeiture mechanisms that can run concurrently with criminal justice in order to applicatively and maximally recover state losses.