RISIKO MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES PADA WISATAWAN DI INDONESIA DAN PERAN TRAVEL HEALTH NURSING
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https://doi.org/10.24843/coping.2020.v08.i03.p03
Abstrak
Kunjungan wisatawan internasional meningkat setiap tahun mencapai 1,4 milyar wisatawan pada tahun 2019. Peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan akan meningkatkan risiko wisatawan untuk mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Ganguan kesehatan yang banyak ditemui wisatawan bersumber dari penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk yang dikenal dengan mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). Indonesia sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata endemis terhadap MBD seperti malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis (JE), dan limfatik filariasis. Wisatawan harus mempersiapkan diri sebelum melakukan perjalanan dan mencari informasi tentang tempat yang dikunjungi. Perawat travel health melakukan pelayanan sebelum perjalanan (pre-travel), setelah perjalanan (post-travel), dan saat wisata (during/in-transit care) dengan berfokus pada pencegahan primer dan sekunder pada penyakit yang berhubungan dengan perjalanan wisata. Pencegahan terhadap gigitan nyamuk dan kemoprofilakss adalah upaya pencegahan yang efektif karena sebagian besar MBD belum ada obat dan vaksinnya kecuali penyakit JE. Profesi perawat travel health sangat dibutuhkan untuk menyiapkan dan memantau kesehatan para wisatawan.
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Referensi
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Broutet, N., Krauer, F., Riesen, M., Khalakdina, A., Almiron, M., Aldighieri, S., Espinal, M., Low, N., Dye, C., 2016. Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 374, 1506–1509. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1602708
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Nicastri, E., Castilletti, C., Liuzzi, G., Iannetta, M., Capobianchi, M.R., Ippolito, G., 2016. Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from Haiti to Italy, February 2016. Eurosurveillance. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.32.30314
Patel, D., Simons, H., 2019. Travel Health. Public Health 168, 148–149.
Perkasa, A., Yudhaputri, F., Haryanto, S., Hayati, R.F., Ma’Roef, C.N., Antonjaya, U., Yohan, B., Myint, K.S.A., Ledermann, J.P., Rosenberg, R., Powers, A.M., Sasmono, R.T., 2016. Isolation of zika virus from febrile patient, Indonesia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 22, 924–925. doi:10.3201/eid2205.151915
RCN, 2019. Competencies: Travel health nursing: career and competence development. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15273.24165
UNWTO, 2019. International Tourism Highlights, International Tourism Highlights. World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
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WHO, 2020b. Chikungunya [WWW Document]. World Heal. Organ. URL http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/
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Wilder-Smith, A., 2012. Dengue infections in travellers. Paediatr. Int. Child Health 32, 28–32. doi:10.1179/2046904712Z.0000000005
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Angelo, K.M., Kozarsky, P.E., Ryan, E.T., Chen, L.H., Sotir, M.J., 2017. What proportion of international travellers acquire a travel-related illness? A review of the literature. J. Travel Med. 24, 1–8. doi:10.1093/jtm/tax046
ATHNA, 2019. Travel Health Nursing Fact Sheet [WWW Document]. Am. Travel Heal. Nurses Assoc. URL https://www.athna.org/about/factSheet.asp
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020. Perkembangan Pariwisata dan Transportasi Nasional Desember 2019. Ber. Resmi Stat. 13, 1–16.
Barzon, L., Trevisan, M., Sinigaglia, A., Lavezzo, E., Palù, G., 2016. Zika virus: From pathogenesis to disease control. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363, 1–17. doi:10.1093/femsle/fnw202
Boggild, A.K., Liles, W.C., 2017. Travel-Acquired Illnesses Associated with Fever, in: The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual. pp. 271–299. doi:10.1016/c2010-0-66958-6
Broutet, N., Krauer, F., Riesen, M., Khalakdina, A., Almiron, M., Aldighieri, S., Espinal, M., Low, N., Dye, C., 2016. Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 374, 1506–1509. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1602708
Clerinx, J., Hamer, D., Libman, M., 2019. Posttravel, in: Keystone, J.S., Kozarsky, P.E., Connor, B.A., Mendelson, M. (Eds.), Tarvel Medicine. Elsevier, pp. 487–494.
Damayanti, P.A.A., Adi, A.A.A.M., Astawa, I.N.M., Sudarmaja, I.M., Kardena, I.M., Swastika, I.K., 2017. Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis among Children is associated with the Presence of Pigs in Bali , Indonesia. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 10, 1333–1338.
ECDCC, 2019. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016 Malaria. Stockholm.
Erlanger, T.E., Weiss, S., Keiser, J., Utzinger, J., Wiedenmayer, K., 2009. Past, present, and future of Japanese encephalitis. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15, 1–7. doi:10.3201/eid1501.080311
Garjito, T.A., Widiarti, Anggraeni, Y.M., Alfiah, S., Satoto, T.B.T., Farchanny, A., Samaan, G., Afelt, A., Manguin, S., Frutos, R., Aditama, T.Y., 2018. Japanese Encephalitis in Indonesia: An Update on Epidemiology and Transmission Ecology. Acta Trop. 187, 240–247. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.017
Hills, S.L., Griggs, A.C., Fischer, M., 2010. Japanese encephalitis in travelers from non-endemic countries, 1973-2008. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 82, 930–936. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0676
IAMAT, 2020a. World Malaria Risk Chart [WWW Document]. Int. Assoc. Med. Assist. to Travel. URL https://www.iamat.org/world-malaria-risk-chart
IAMAT, 2020b. Insect bite prevention [WWW Document]. Int. Assoc. Med. Assist. to Travel. URL https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/insect-bite-prevention.html
Im, J., Balasubramanian, R., Yastini, N.W., Suwarba, I.G.N., Andayani, A.R., Bura, V., Jeon, H.J., Clemens, J.D., Marks, F., 2018. Protecting children against Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia. Lancet 391, 2500–2501. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31191-7
Kari, K., Liu, W., Gautama, K., Junior, M.P.M., Clemens, J.D., Nisalak, A., Subrata, K., Kim, H.K., Xu, Z., 2006. A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali , Indonesia. BMC Med. 7, 2–8. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-4-8
KEMENKES RI, 2020. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019, Kementrian Kesehatan Repoblik Indonesia.
Kuna, A., Gajewski, M., 2016. Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus. Int. Marit. Health 67, 179–180. doi:10.5603/IMH.2016.0033
Lalloo, D.G., Magill, A.J., 2019. Malaria, in: Keystone, J.S., Kozarsky, P.E., Freedman, D.O., Nothdurft, H.D., Connor, B.A. (Eds.), Travel Medicine. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp. 137–144.
Lindahl, J., Chirico, J., Boqvist, S., Thu, H.T.V., Magnusson, U., 2012. Occurrence of Japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 1076–1082. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0315
Lipner, E.M., Law, M.A., Barnett, E., Keystone, J.S., von Sonnenburg, F., Loutan, L., Prevots, D.R., Klion, A.D., Nutman, T.B., Brown, G., Torresi, J., Carosi, G., Castelli, F., Chen, L., Connor, B., Delmont, J., Parola, P., Franco, C., Kozarsky, P., Freedman, D., Gelman, S., Hall, D., Guruman, A., Haulman, J., Jong, E., Kain, K., Licitra, C., Pandey, P., Schlagenhauf, P., Steffen, R., Schwartz, E., Shaw, M., Wilson, M., Wittner, M., Einstein, A., 2007. Filariasis in travelers presenting to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 1, 1–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000088
Mnzava, A.P., Knox, T.B., Temu, E.A., Trett, A., Fornadel, C., Hemingway, J., 2015. Implementation of the global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors : progress , challenges and the way forward. Malar. J. 1–9. doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0693-4
Nicastri, E., Castilletti, C., Liuzzi, G., Iannetta, M., Capobianchi, M.R., Ippolito, G., 2016. Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from Haiti to Italy, February 2016. Eurosurveillance. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.32.30314
Patel, D., Simons, H., 2019. Travel Health. Public Health 168, 148–149.
Perkasa, A., Yudhaputri, F., Haryanto, S., Hayati, R.F., Ma’Roef, C.N., Antonjaya, U., Yohan, B., Myint, K.S.A., Ledermann, J.P., Rosenberg, R., Powers, A.M., Sasmono, R.T., 2016. Isolation of zika virus from febrile patient, Indonesia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 22, 924–925. doi:10.3201/eid2205.151915
RCN, 2019. Competencies: Travel health nursing: career and competence development. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15273.24165
UNWTO, 2019. International Tourism Highlights, International Tourism Highlights. World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
WHO, 2020a. Dengue and severe dengue [WWW Document]. WHO. URL http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/
WHO, 2020b. Chikungunya [WWW Document]. World Heal. Organ. URL http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/
WHO, 2016a. World Malaria Report 2016. Geneva.
WHO, 2016b. Screening, assessment and management of neonates and infants with complications associated with Zika virus exposure in utero: Rapid Advice Guideline, World Health Organization. Geneva.
WHO, 2015. Guidelines for The Treatment of Malaria [WWW Document]. World Heal. Organ. URL https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/gmp/guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-malaria-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=a0138b77_2
Wilder-Smith, A., 2012. Dengue infections in travellers. Paediatr. Int. Child Health 32, 28–32. doi:10.1179/2046904712Z.0000000005
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2020-10-31
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DAMAYANTI, Putu Ayu Asri; YANTI, Ni Luh Putu Eva.
RISIKO MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES PADA WISATAWAN DI INDONESIA DAN PERAN TRAVEL HEALTH NURSING.
Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 3, p. 232-242, oct. 2020.
ISSN 2715-1980.
Tersedia pada: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/coping/article/view/66090>. Tanggal Akses: 14 oct. 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/coping.2020.v08.i03.p03.
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