Measures on Chinese Products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Why was Anti-Dumping Action Imposed?
Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) issued policies to keep the situation under control, particularly in the trade sector, with the goal of protecting the state from fraudulent acts of business actors dumping practices. The Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee (KADI) has investigated Chinese products that cause harm to domestic products, namely Lysine and Hot Rolled Coil of Another Alloy. This article discusses the implementation of anti-dumping action conducted by the KADI, and the challenges that are faced in the performance of anti-dumping action. It is based on normative legal research that applies statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that KADI’s scientific investigation succeed in proving the causal link between certain imported Chinese products and the injury in Indonesian local industries. There are three challenges faced by KADI in investigating the anti-dumping action. First, the Work From Home system hampered them from collecting the data. Second, a lack number of capable staff to investigate the evidence of dumping in Indonesia. Third, the Regulation of Minister of Finance No. 103/PMK.010/2020 suspend the import duties on all imported products that enter the Indonesian market from September, 22 until December 31, 2020.
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References
Books
Hoekman, Bernard M. and Mavroidis, Petros C. Law, Economic, Politics Second Edition. London: Routledge, 2016.
Matsushita, Mitsuo. Schoenbaum, Thomas J. Mavroidis, Petros C. and Hahn, Michael. The World Trade Organization Law, Practice, and Policy, New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Van den Bossche, Peter. The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization”. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Journal Article
Anggraini, Dewi. “Prevention of Dumping Practice in Asean Chinese Free Trade Area Regarding Government Regulation Number 34 Year 2011.” Jurnal Cita Hukum 5, no. 1 (2017): 135-169. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v5i1.6583.
Gruszczynsk, Lukasz. “The COVID-19 Pandemic and International Trade: Temporary Turbulence or Paradigm Shift?” European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 2 (2020): 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.29.
Jabbour, Liza, et.al. “The good, the bad and the ugly: Chinese imports, European Union anti-dumping measures and firm performance.” Journal of International Economics 117 (2019): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.12.004.
Kamilah, Anita. “Law Protection For Domestic Industries Due to DumpingPractice.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 15, no. 3 (2015): 304-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2015.15.3.407.
Kahlessenane, Soheyb Salah. “Anti-Dumping Regulations and Policies: Some Insights from Algeria.” Athens Journal of Law 5, no. 1 (2019): 47-60. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajl.5-1-4.
Pratiwi, Lily. “Imposition of Anti Dumping Duty (BMAD) toward China’s ColdRolled Coil/Sheet (CRS/S) Products.” Indonesia Law Review 3, no. 2, (2013): 151 – 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v3n2.34.
Prasetyo, Kukuh Fadli. “Identifying Social Contexts Upon The Annual Homecoming Prohibition Due to The Covid-19 Outbreak.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 5, no. 1 (2021): 22-40. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v05.i01.p02.
Sari, Idha Mutiara. “Dispute Settlement of Anti-Dumping Legal Aspect In Indonesia Based on GATT/WTO Provisions (Allegations Case Study of Dumping Wood FreeCopy Paper Between South Korea and Indonesia).” Lampung Journal of International Law 2, no. 2 (2020): 85-98. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v2i2.2034.
Shadikhodjaev, Sherzod. “Non-Market Economies, Significant Market Distortions, and the 2017 EU Anti-Dumping Amendment.” Journal of International Economic Law 21, no. 4 (2018): 885–905. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy041.
Utama, I Made Arya. “Do Indonesian Laws and Policies on Covid-19 Countermeasures Action Reflect Legality?” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.V04.I02.P05.
Vyas, Lina and Nantapong Butakhieo. “The impact of working from home during COVID-19 on work and life domains: an exploratory study on Hong KongPolicy.” Policy Design and Practice 4, no. 1 (2021): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1863560.
Yu, Chen. “Currency Manipulation and WTO Laws: Should the Anti-Dumping Mechanism Be Entirely Dumped?” Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, (2019): 891–915. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340161.
Yustiawan, Dewa Gede Pradnya. “Perlindungan Industri Dalam Negeri dari Praktik Dumping.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 1, no. 1 (2018): 170-186. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v1i1.250.
Yilmazcan, Abdulkadir. “The Role of Anti-Dumping in the US-China Trade War.” Article China and WTO Review 1 (2021): 7-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2021.7.1.01.
Zahrani, Hanna Tasya. “Efektivitas Performa Komite Anti-Dumping Indonesia Dalam Memberi Perlindunngan Hukum Pada Industri Lokal.” Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan 2, no. 1 (2020): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.32502/khdk.v2i1.3049.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. Law No.7 of 2014 concerning Trade.
Indonesia. The Government Regulation No. 34 of 2011 concerning Anti-Dumping Countervailing, and Safeguard Action.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Finance No. 134/PMK.010/2020 concerning the Import Duty borne by Government on imported products and materials for producing of products and/or services by Certain Industry.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Industry No. 31 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Implementing the Utilization of Government Borne Import Duties for the Importation of Goods and Materials to Produce Goods and Services in Certain Industries that are affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Trade No. 33/M DAG/PER/6/2014 concerning Organization and Work Procedure of the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee.
Indonesia. Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 19 of 2020 concerning The Adjustment of The State Civil Apparatus Working System in Preventing the Spread of Covid-19 Virus in the Government Agencies Environment, as amended by Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 34 of 2020.
Indonesia. Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 58 of 2020 concerning the Employee System of State Civil Apparatus in the New Normal Order.
World Trade Organization. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994.
World Trade Organization. The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
Other Documents
ASEAN Policy Brief. “Trade Measures in the Time of COVID-19: The Case of ASEAN.”
Blonigen, Bruce A. and Prusa, Thomas J. “Dumping and Anti Dumping Duties.” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 21573
Fukasaku, Kiichiro “What the Covid-19 crisis means for the WTO trade system”, Cover Story 6 of Japan Spotlight, July/August 2020.
Indonesian Ministry of Trade. “KADI Memulai Penyelidikan Anti Dumping Atas Barang Impor Hot Rolled Coil of Other Alloy Steel.”
Indonesian Ministry of Trade. “Siaran Pers KADI Mulai Penyelidikan Antidumping Barang Impor Lysine Asal Tiongkok.”
Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee. “Final Report of Anti-Dumping Investigation on Hot Rolled Coil Of Other Alloy Steel (Hrc Alloy) Import from China, Tariff Post No: 7225.30.90.”
Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee. “Final Report of Anti-Dumping Investigation on Lysine Import from China.”
International Labour Organization. “An employers’ guide on working from home in response to the outbreak of COVID-19.”
World Bank Group. “Trade and the Covid-19 Pandemic Guidance Note Managing Risk and Facilitating Trade in the Covid-19 pandemic Pandemic.” Report on April 2020.
Sen, Agneshwar (Associate Partner, Tax and Economic Policy Group, EY India). “Trade Policy Scenario in Post COVID-19 Era” Paper on June, 2020.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistics Import of Indonesia 2019 Volume I.” catalog 8202027.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistics Import of Indonesia 2020 Volume I.” catalog 8202027.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistical Bulletin imports December 2020.” catalog 8202006.
UNCTAD. “The Trade Impact of Coronavirus (The Covid-19 Pandemic) Epidemic.”
UN ECLAC. “The Effects of the Coronavirus Disease (The Covid-19 Pandemic) Pandemic on International Trade and Logistics.”
Interview
KADI staff. “The Implementation of Anti-Dumping measures In Indonesia Toward The Chinese Products,” Interview by Andi Putri Amanda, interview by email, May 28, 2021.
Besi, Ivan Rinanda Panggar (Directorate General of Security of Trade of Indonesian Ministry of Trade). “Measurer on Chinese Products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Why was Anti-Dumping Action Imposed?,” Interview by Andi Putri Amanda, online interview by Zoom, April 20, 2021.
Website Content
ANT Lawyers. “Vietnam Investigates and Applies Anti-Dumping Measures on Some Plastic Products from China, Thailand and Malaysia (AD07).” 2019. https://antlawyers.vn/legal-service/vietnam-investigates-and-applies-anti-dumping-measures-on-some-plastic-products-from-china-thailand-and-malaysia-ad07.html
Ekonomi. “Indonesia Perlu Siapkan Bukti Kuat atas Aksi Dumping China.” 2020. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20200218/12/1203153/indonesia-perlu-siapkan-bukti-kuat-atas-aksi-dumping-china
Global Compliance News. “Indonesia: More support from the Government of Indonesia in the form of import duty facilities in light of the COVID-19 outbreak.” 2020. https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2020/11/10/indonesia-government-borne-import-duties-in-light-of-covid-1901102020/
IDN Financials. “Anti-Dumping Committee starts investigation on Chinese imported lysine.” 2020. https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/32887/anti-dumping-committee-starts-investigationchinese-imported-lysine.
KADIN. “Begini Penjelasan Kadin Soal Tuduhan Trade Remedies.” 2021. https://www.kadin.id/news-event/news-detail/1444/begini-penjelasan-kadin-soal-tuduhan-trade-remedies.
Indonesia Anti-Dumping Committee. “Background.” https://kadi.kemendag.go.id/about
Indonesia Ministry of Industry. “Jaga Ketahanan Industri, Kemenperin Siap Evaluasi Kebijakan Saat Pandemi.” 2020. https://www.kemenperin.go.id/artikel/22023/Jaga-Ketahanan-Industri,-Kemenperin-Siap-Evaluasi-Kebijakan-Saat-Pandemi
Investopedia. “Ad Valaroem Tax.” 2022. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advaloremtax.asp.
Kompas. “Keluhkan Serbuan Baja Chinese, Bos Krakatau Steel Serukan Petisi Anti-dumping.” 2020. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/02/17/202300226/keluhkan-serbuan-baja-Chinese-bos-krakatau-steel-serukan-petisi-anti-dumping?page=all#page2.
OECD. “COVID-19 and international trade: Issues and actions.” 2020. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/covid-19-and%20%20international-trade-issues-and-actions-494da2fa/
PressRelease.id. “Mendag Jalankan Langkah Strategis Bidang Perdagangan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” 2020. https://disperindag.jabarprov.go.id/detail-post/12142/mendag-jalankan-langkah-strategis-bidang-perdagangan-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19.
SICE. “Dictionary of Trade Terms.” http://www.sice.oas.org/dictionary/SACD_e.asp.
Johnson, Michael. Trade Knowledge Exchange. “Trade Remedies: Why Do We Need Them and How Do They Work?” https://trade-knowledge.net/knowledge/trade-remedies-why-do-we-need-them-and-how-do-they-work/.
Website Admin. “Ada Bea Masuk Ditanggung Pemerintah?” https://bcmarunda.beacukai.go.id/ada-bea-masuk-ditanggung-pemerintah.
World Trade Organization. Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/antidum2_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. Article III National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/gatt_ai_e/art3_e.pdf.
World Trade Organization. “Briefing note: Anti-dumping, Countervailing and safeguards.” 2013. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/brief_adp_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Directly Competitive or Substitutable Products.” https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/d1_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Technical Information on anti-dumping.” https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_info_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Trade Costs in the Time of Global Pandemic, Information Note.” 2020. https://www.wto-ilibrary.org/content/papers/27095819/11.
VOI. “During the Paglebuk of COVID-19 Pandemic, Indonesia Was Accused of 'Cheating' in Its Export Activities for 16 Times.” 2020. https://voi.id/en/teknologi/6946/during-the-covid-19%20pandemic-indonesia-was-accused-of-cheating-in-its-export-activities-for-16-times.
Hoekman, Bernard M. and Mavroidis, Petros C. Law, Economic, Politics Second Edition. London: Routledge, 2016.
Matsushita, Mitsuo. Schoenbaum, Thomas J. Mavroidis, Petros C. and Hahn, Michael. The World Trade Organization Law, Practice, and Policy, New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Van den Bossche, Peter. The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization”. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Journal Article
Anggraini, Dewi. “Prevention of Dumping Practice in Asean Chinese Free Trade Area Regarding Government Regulation Number 34 Year 2011.” Jurnal Cita Hukum 5, no. 1 (2017): 135-169. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v5i1.6583.
Gruszczynsk, Lukasz. “The COVID-19 Pandemic and International Trade: Temporary Turbulence or Paradigm Shift?” European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 2 (2020): 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.29.
Jabbour, Liza, et.al. “The good, the bad and the ugly: Chinese imports, European Union anti-dumping measures and firm performance.” Journal of International Economics 117 (2019): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.12.004.
Kamilah, Anita. “Law Protection For Domestic Industries Due to DumpingPractice.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 15, no. 3 (2015): 304-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2015.15.3.407.
Kahlessenane, Soheyb Salah. “Anti-Dumping Regulations and Policies: Some Insights from Algeria.” Athens Journal of Law 5, no. 1 (2019): 47-60. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajl.5-1-4.
Pratiwi, Lily. “Imposition of Anti Dumping Duty (BMAD) toward China’s ColdRolled Coil/Sheet (CRS/S) Products.” Indonesia Law Review 3, no. 2, (2013): 151 – 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v3n2.34.
Prasetyo, Kukuh Fadli. “Identifying Social Contexts Upon The Annual Homecoming Prohibition Due to The Covid-19 Outbreak.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 5, no. 1 (2021): 22-40. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v05.i01.p02.
Sari, Idha Mutiara. “Dispute Settlement of Anti-Dumping Legal Aspect In Indonesia Based on GATT/WTO Provisions (Allegations Case Study of Dumping Wood FreeCopy Paper Between South Korea and Indonesia).” Lampung Journal of International Law 2, no. 2 (2020): 85-98. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v2i2.2034.
Shadikhodjaev, Sherzod. “Non-Market Economies, Significant Market Distortions, and the 2017 EU Anti-Dumping Amendment.” Journal of International Economic Law 21, no. 4 (2018): 885–905. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy041.
Utama, I Made Arya. “Do Indonesian Laws and Policies on Covid-19 Countermeasures Action Reflect Legality?” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.V04.I02.P05.
Vyas, Lina and Nantapong Butakhieo. “The impact of working from home during COVID-19 on work and life domains: an exploratory study on Hong KongPolicy.” Policy Design and Practice 4, no. 1 (2021): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1863560.
Yu, Chen. “Currency Manipulation and WTO Laws: Should the Anti-Dumping Mechanism Be Entirely Dumped?” Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, (2019): 891–915. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340161.
Yustiawan, Dewa Gede Pradnya. “Perlindungan Industri Dalam Negeri dari Praktik Dumping.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 1, no. 1 (2018): 170-186. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v1i1.250.
Yilmazcan, Abdulkadir. “The Role of Anti-Dumping in the US-China Trade War.” Article China and WTO Review 1 (2021): 7-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2021.7.1.01.
Zahrani, Hanna Tasya. “Efektivitas Performa Komite Anti-Dumping Indonesia Dalam Memberi Perlindunngan Hukum Pada Industri Lokal.” Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan 2, no. 1 (2020): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.32502/khdk.v2i1.3049.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. Law No.7 of 2014 concerning Trade.
Indonesia. The Government Regulation No. 34 of 2011 concerning Anti-Dumping Countervailing, and Safeguard Action.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Finance No. 134/PMK.010/2020 concerning the Import Duty borne by Government on imported products and materials for producing of products and/or services by Certain Industry.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Industry No. 31 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Implementing the Utilization of Government Borne Import Duties for the Importation of Goods and Materials to Produce Goods and Services in Certain Industries that are affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Trade No. 33/M DAG/PER/6/2014 concerning Organization and Work Procedure of the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee.
Indonesia. Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 19 of 2020 concerning The Adjustment of The State Civil Apparatus Working System in Preventing the Spread of Covid-19 Virus in the Government Agencies Environment, as amended by Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 34 of 2020.
Indonesia. Circular Letter of Minister of Utilization of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 58 of 2020 concerning the Employee System of State Civil Apparatus in the New Normal Order.
World Trade Organization. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994.
World Trade Organization. The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
Other Documents
ASEAN Policy Brief. “Trade Measures in the Time of COVID-19: The Case of ASEAN.”
Blonigen, Bruce A. and Prusa, Thomas J. “Dumping and Anti Dumping Duties.” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 21573
Fukasaku, Kiichiro “What the Covid-19 crisis means for the WTO trade system”, Cover Story 6 of Japan Spotlight, July/August 2020.
Indonesian Ministry of Trade. “KADI Memulai Penyelidikan Anti Dumping Atas Barang Impor Hot Rolled Coil of Other Alloy Steel.”
Indonesian Ministry of Trade. “Siaran Pers KADI Mulai Penyelidikan Antidumping Barang Impor Lysine Asal Tiongkok.”
Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee. “Final Report of Anti-Dumping Investigation on Hot Rolled Coil Of Other Alloy Steel (Hrc Alloy) Import from China, Tariff Post No: 7225.30.90.”
Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee. “Final Report of Anti-Dumping Investigation on Lysine Import from China.”
International Labour Organization. “An employers’ guide on working from home in response to the outbreak of COVID-19.”
World Bank Group. “Trade and the Covid-19 Pandemic Guidance Note Managing Risk and Facilitating Trade in the Covid-19 pandemic Pandemic.” Report on April 2020.
Sen, Agneshwar (Associate Partner, Tax and Economic Policy Group, EY India). “Trade Policy Scenario in Post COVID-19 Era” Paper on June, 2020.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistics Import of Indonesia 2019 Volume I.” catalog 8202027.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistics Import of Indonesia 2020 Volume I.” catalog 8202027.
Statistics Indonesia. “Foreign Trade Statistical Bulletin imports December 2020.” catalog 8202006.
UNCTAD. “The Trade Impact of Coronavirus (The Covid-19 Pandemic) Epidemic.”
UN ECLAC. “The Effects of the Coronavirus Disease (The Covid-19 Pandemic) Pandemic on International Trade and Logistics.”
Interview
KADI staff. “The Implementation of Anti-Dumping measures In Indonesia Toward The Chinese Products,” Interview by Andi Putri Amanda, interview by email, May 28, 2021.
Besi, Ivan Rinanda Panggar (Directorate General of Security of Trade of Indonesian Ministry of Trade). “Measurer on Chinese Products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Why was Anti-Dumping Action Imposed?,” Interview by Andi Putri Amanda, online interview by Zoom, April 20, 2021.
Website Content
ANT Lawyers. “Vietnam Investigates and Applies Anti-Dumping Measures on Some Plastic Products from China, Thailand and Malaysia (AD07).” 2019. https://antlawyers.vn/legal-service/vietnam-investigates-and-applies-anti-dumping-measures-on-some-plastic-products-from-china-thailand-and-malaysia-ad07.html
Ekonomi. “Indonesia Perlu Siapkan Bukti Kuat atas Aksi Dumping China.” 2020. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20200218/12/1203153/indonesia-perlu-siapkan-bukti-kuat-atas-aksi-dumping-china
Global Compliance News. “Indonesia: More support from the Government of Indonesia in the form of import duty facilities in light of the COVID-19 outbreak.” 2020. https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2020/11/10/indonesia-government-borne-import-duties-in-light-of-covid-1901102020/
IDN Financials. “Anti-Dumping Committee starts investigation on Chinese imported lysine.” 2020. https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/32887/anti-dumping-committee-starts-investigationchinese-imported-lysine.
KADIN. “Begini Penjelasan Kadin Soal Tuduhan Trade Remedies.” 2021. https://www.kadin.id/news-event/news-detail/1444/begini-penjelasan-kadin-soal-tuduhan-trade-remedies.
Indonesia Anti-Dumping Committee. “Background.” https://kadi.kemendag.go.id/about
Indonesia Ministry of Industry. “Jaga Ketahanan Industri, Kemenperin Siap Evaluasi Kebijakan Saat Pandemi.” 2020. https://www.kemenperin.go.id/artikel/22023/Jaga-Ketahanan-Industri,-Kemenperin-Siap-Evaluasi-Kebijakan-Saat-Pandemi
Investopedia. “Ad Valaroem Tax.” 2022. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advaloremtax.asp.
Kompas. “Keluhkan Serbuan Baja Chinese, Bos Krakatau Steel Serukan Petisi Anti-dumping.” 2020. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/02/17/202300226/keluhkan-serbuan-baja-Chinese-bos-krakatau-steel-serukan-petisi-anti-dumping?page=all#page2.
OECD. “COVID-19 and international trade: Issues and actions.” 2020. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/covid-19-and%20%20international-trade-issues-and-actions-494da2fa/
PressRelease.id. “Mendag Jalankan Langkah Strategis Bidang Perdagangan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” 2020. https://disperindag.jabarprov.go.id/detail-post/12142/mendag-jalankan-langkah-strategis-bidang-perdagangan-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19.
SICE. “Dictionary of Trade Terms.” http://www.sice.oas.org/dictionary/SACD_e.asp.
Johnson, Michael. Trade Knowledge Exchange. “Trade Remedies: Why Do We Need Them and How Do They Work?” https://trade-knowledge.net/knowledge/trade-remedies-why-do-we-need-them-and-how-do-they-work/.
Website Admin. “Ada Bea Masuk Ditanggung Pemerintah?” https://bcmarunda.beacukai.go.id/ada-bea-masuk-ditanggung-pemerintah.
World Trade Organization. Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/antidum2_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. Article III National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/gatt_ai_e/art3_e.pdf.
World Trade Organization. “Briefing note: Anti-dumping, Countervailing and safeguards.” 2013. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/brief_adp_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Directly Competitive or Substitutable Products.” https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/d1_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Technical Information on anti-dumping.” https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_info_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. “Trade Costs in the Time of Global Pandemic, Information Note.” 2020. https://www.wto-ilibrary.org/content/papers/27095819/11.
VOI. “During the Paglebuk of COVID-19 Pandemic, Indonesia Was Accused of 'Cheating' in Its Export Activities for 16 Times.” 2020. https://voi.id/en/teknologi/6946/during-the-covid-19%20pandemic-indonesia-was-accused-of-cheating-in-its-export-activities-for-16-times.
Published
2022-07-29
How to Cite
AMANDA, Andi Putri; WARDAH, Wardah.
Measures on Chinese Products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Why was Anti-Dumping Action Imposed?.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 220-238, july 2022.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/80742>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2022.v06.i02.p06.
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