Strategic Development of Indonesia’s Outermost Islands as an Enhancement of National Maritime Defense and Sovereignty
Abstract
The Republic of Indonesia as an archipelagic country has strategic territorial waters and a wealth of maritime resources. Indonesia's strategic position creates an area that has the outermost islands in the national border area. The outer islands of Indonesia are national natural resources to be utilized for their potential through the development of maritime resources. The huge potential of Indonesia's territory demands the development of the outer islands through economic improvement, investment, and tourism. The responsibility of the state in maximizing the potential of Indonesia's outermost region from a legal perspective is to maximize the determination of maritime boundaries in protecting the nation's sovereignty based on international law and national law. The article aims to analyze the projections of the Indonesian Government on the development of the outermost islands in strengthening maritime sovereignty as a form of anticipating violations of sovereignty. This paper argues that national defense maximizes and complements the implementation of the economy, investment, and tourism. Thus, the problem that arises is how the Indonesian Government's policy towards the development of the outermost islands is based on the aspect of national defense in increasing the economic, investment and tourism potential in the outer islands of Indonesia. The development of the outer islands is a holistic focus of the Indonesian Government in increasing economic potential, investment and tourism and ensuring national sovereignty through increasing national defense.
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References
Book
Susanto, A.B. Manajemen Bela Negara: Pendekatan Modern Menjadi Bangsa yang Besar. Jakarta: PT. Kompas Media Nusantara, 2020.
Limbong, Bernhard. Poros Maritim. Jakarta: Pustaka Marharetha, 2015.
Le Miere, Christian. Maritime Diplomacy in the 21st Century: Drivers and Challenges. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Sunyowati, Dina. Integrated Coastal Management: Kajian Hukum Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 2020.
Nurdiansyah, Dickry Rizanny. Strategi dan Pertahanan Maritim Nusantara. Makassar: CV. Nas Media Pustaka, 2018.
Darmawan. Menyibak Gelombang Menuju Negara Maritim: Kajian Strategis Mewujdukan Poros Maritim Dunia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2018.
Wangke, Humphrey. Kerjasama Indonesia-Malaysia Dalam Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Kalimantan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2017.
Rosyidin, Mohammad. Indonesia: Menuju Kekuatan Global Abad 21. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo, 2019.
Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Bandung: PT. Alumni, 2015.
Purdijatno, Tedjo Edhy. Mengawal Perbatasan Negara Maritim. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2010.
Saronto, Wahyu. Intelijen: Teori Intelijen dan Pembangunan Jaringan. Yogyakarta: Andi Yogyakarta, 2020.
Journal Article
Adiyanto, Endang. “Tinjauan Hukum dan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia (Studi Kasus Pulau Nipa).” Buletin Ekonomi Perikanan 7, no. 2 (2007): 51-62.
Artner, Annamaria. “Role of Indonesia in the Evolution of ASEAN.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs 31, no. 1 (2017): 1-38.
Asana, Rambu, Sri Suwartiningsih, and Adrianus Bintang Hanto Nugroho. “Kebijakan Pertahanan Indonesia Terhadap Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Pada Masa Pemerintahan Jokowi.” Cakrawala Jurnal Penelitian Sosial 6, no. 1 (2017): 35-58.
Bateman, Sam and Quentin Hanich. “Maritime Security Issues in an Arc of Instability and Opportunity.” Institute for Regional Security 9, no. 4 (2013): 87-105.
Bateman, Sam. “Solving the “Wicked Problems” of Maritime Security: Are Regional Forums up to the Task?.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 33, no. 10 (2011): 1-28.
Brewster, David. “The Relationship between India and Indonesia: An Evolving Security Partnership?.” Asian Survey 51, no. 2 (2011): 221-224.
Budianto, Prima Farid, Edi Susilo, and Erlinda Indrayani. “Implementasi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Pulau-Pulau Kecil terhadap Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Lihunu, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.” ECSOFiM (Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal) 1, no. 1 (2013): 1-10.
Dunk Graeme. “Defence Industry Policy 2016 – Well – Intentioned but Conflicted.” Security Challenges 12, no. 12 (2016): 139-150.
Grote, Jenny. “The Changing Tides of Small Island States Discourse – A Historical Overview of the Apperance of Small Island States in the International Arena.” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 43, no. 2 (2010): 164-191.
Heriyanto, Meyzi. “Formulasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pulau Terluar.” Jurnal Kebijakan Publik 3, no. 1 (2012): 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jkp.3.1.p.%25p
Klein, Natalie. “The Effectiveness of the UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Regime: Reaching for the Stars?.” In ASIL Annual Meeting Proceedings, vol. 108, pp. 359-364. American Society for International Law, 2014.
Kour, F. “Kajian ekonomi dan kebijakan pengelolaan Pulau Lirang, Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia.” Jurnal Akuatikisle 2, no. 1 (2018): 22-29.
Lim, Kyunghan. “Non Traditional Maritime Security Threats in Northeast Asia: Implication for Regional Cooperation.” Journal of International and Area Studies 22, no. 2 (2015): 135-146.
Liss, Carolin. “New Actors and the State: Adressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 35, no. 2 (2013): 141-162.
Magnússon, Bjarni Már. “Outer continental shelf boundary agreements.” International & Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2013): 345-372.
Parlindungan, Andi Putra, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, and Trismadi Trismadi. “Pemilihan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) Untuk Pembangunan Wilayah Pertahanan Menggunakan Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) Studi Kasus: PPKT Di Kepulauan Tanimbar, Provinsi Maluku.” Keamanan Maritim 5, no. 1 (2019): 13-38.
Sambhi, Natalie. “Jokowi’s ‘Global Maritime Axis’ Smooth Sailing or Rocky Seas Ahead?.” Security Challenges 11, no. 2 (2015): 39-56.
Simon, Sheldon W. “Conflict and diplomacy in the South China Sea.” Asian Survey 52, no. 6 (2012): 995-1018.
Siregar, Chairil N. “Analisis potensi daerah pulau-pulau terpencil dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan, keamanan nasional, dan keutuhan wilayah NKRI di Nunukan–Kalimantan Timur.” Jurnal Sosioteknologi 7, no. 13 (2008): 345-368.
Strating, Rebecca. “Maritime territorialization, UNCLOS and the timor sea dispute.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 40, no. 1 (2018): 101-125.
Suhartono, Suhartono, D. Herly Dwiyanto, and D. A. R. Deni. “Realign Ment Flight Information Region Singapura Dalam Rangka Penegakan Kedaulatan Negara di Wilayah Udara Nasional.” Strategi Pertahanan Udara 5, no. 1 (2019): 95-128.
Suharyanto, Suharyanto, Armen Zulham, Muhendis Sidqi, Arif Sudianto, Arif Widianto, and Suraji Suraji. “Pulau-pulau Kecil Sebagai Pusat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia: Review Aspek Teknis, Sosial dan Ekonomi.” Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 1 (2020): 73-84. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1557/marina.v6i1.8934
Takei, Tomohisa. “The New Time and Space, Dimensions of a Maritime Defense Strategy.” Naval War College Review 70, no. 4 (2017): 48-60.
Theohery, Deddy. “Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Laut Internasional.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum: ALETHEA 2, no. 1 (2018): 17-30.
Wallis, Joanne, and James Batley. “How Does the ‘Pacific’Fit into the ‘Indo-Pacific’? The Changing Geopolitics of the Pacific Islands.” Security Challenges 16, no. 1 (2020): 2-10.
Whiejin, Lee. “The Law of the Sea Regime in Northeast Asia: Issues and the Way Forward.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs 32, no. 1 (2018): 45-51.
Williams, Paul R. “What Makes a State? Territory.” Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, vol. 106, pp. 449-450. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Yustinaningrum, Diah. “Pengembangan Wisata Bahari di Taman Wisata Perairan Pulau Pieh dan Laut Sekitarnya.” Jurnal Agrika 11, no. 1 (2017): 96-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.31328/ja.v11i1.455
Thesis
Simatupang, Metrini Geopani. “Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan 12 Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia (Ditinjau dari Proses Sekuritisasi dan Lingkungan Hidup) Policy Analysis for Management of the 12th Strategic Outer – Most Islands of Indonesia.” Master’s Thesis, Department of Evironmental Science Studies Universitas Indonesia, 2009.
Legal Documents of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia, The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia, Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning State Territory.
Indonesia, Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning State Defense.
Indonesia, Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning the Territory of the State.
Indonesia, Law No. 1 of 1973 concerning the Continental Shelf.
Indonesia, Law No. 6 of 1996 concerning Indonesian Waters.
Indonesia, Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands.
Indonesia, Law No. 1 of 2014 concerning Amendment to Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas dan Small Islands.
Indonesia, Government Regulation No. 62 of 2010 concerning Utilization of Outermost Small Islands.
Indonesia, Government Regulation No. 38 of 2002 concerning List of Geographic Coordinates of the Basic Line Points of the Indonesian Islands.
Indonesia, Presidential Regulation No. 78 of 2005 concerning Management of Small Outermost Islands.
Indonesia, Minister of Defense Regulation No. 19 of 2015 concerning Operating Policy State Defense in 2015-2019.
Indonesia, Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Regulation No. 17 of 2016 concerning Land Management in Coastal Areas and Small Islands.
Indonesia, Minister of Defense Regulation No. 10 of 2010 concerning Security Operations Allowance for TNI and PNS Servants Who Serve in Security Operations on the Outerest Small Islands and Border Areas.
Indonesia, Regulation of the Head of the National Agency for Border Management No. 2 of 2015 concerning Strategic Plan of the National Border Management Agency Year 2015-2019.
International Legal Documents
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, 2005.
Other Documents
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia). “Diplomasi Pertahanan Maritim: Strategi, Tantangan, dan Prospek.” https://kemlu.go.id/download/L3NpdGVzL3B1c2F0L0RvY3VtZW50cy9LYWppYW4lMjBCUFBLL1AzSyUyME9JLU1VTFRJTEFURVJBTC8xNV9EaXBsb21hc2lfUGVydGFoYW5hbl9NYXJpdGltLnBkZg==.
Zahara, Ervita, et. al., “Analisis Ringkas Cepat, Pusat Kajian Anggaran Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI 2020,” https://puskajianggaran.dpr.go.id/produk/detail-analisis-ringkas-cepat/id/38.
Website Content
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Republik Indonesia (Coordinating Ministry for Maritime & Investment Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Menko Maritim Luncurkan Data Rujukan Wilayah Kelautan Indonesia.” https://maritim.go.id/menko-maritim-luncurkan-data-rujukan-wilayah-kelautan-indonesia/
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Indonesia – India Dorong Kerja Sama Ekonomi dan Maritim.” https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/579/berita/indonesia-india-dorong-kerja-sama-ekonomi-dan-maritim
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia). “Pulau Nipa Jadi Model Percontohan Pembangunan Ekonomi Pulau Terluar Berbasis Pertahanan.” https://www.kemhan.go.id/2019/08/20/pulau-nipa-jadi-model-percontohan-pembangunan-ekonomi-pulau-terluar-berbasis-pertahanan.html
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia). “111 Pulau-pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) di Indonesia.” https://kkp.go.id/djprl/p4k/infografis-detail/5794-111-pulau-pulau-kecil-terluar-ppkt-di-indonesia
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia). “Konservasi Untuk Kesejahteraan.” http://kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id/index.php/beritabaru/267-14th-konservasi-untuk-kesejahteraan
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Republik Indonesia (Coordinating Ministry for Maritime & Investment Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Indonesia Membuka Peluang Investasi Bagi Para Investor Dunia.” https://maritim.go.id/indonesia-membuka-peluang-investasi-bagi-para-investor-dunia/
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia). “Perbatasan Maritim.” https://www.kemhan.go.id/itjen/wp-content/uploads/migrasi/peraturan/perbatasan.pdf
Badan Pengembangan Infrastruktur Wilayah Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (Regional Infrastructure Development Agency of the Ministry of Public Works). “Kementerian PUPR Integrasikan Program-Program Prioritas Untuk Mendukung Kawasan Perdesaan, Kawasan Perbatasan dan PPKT.” https://bpiw.pu.go.id/article/detail/kementerian-pupr-integrasikan-program-program-prioritas-untuk-mendukung-kawasan-perdesaan-kawasan-perbatasan-dan-ppkt
Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia). “Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT).” https://setkab.go.id/optimalisasi-pengelolaan-pulau-pulau-kecil-terluar-ppkt/
Susanto, A.B. Manajemen Bela Negara: Pendekatan Modern Menjadi Bangsa yang Besar. Jakarta: PT. Kompas Media Nusantara, 2020.
Limbong, Bernhard. Poros Maritim. Jakarta: Pustaka Marharetha, 2015.
Le Miere, Christian. Maritime Diplomacy in the 21st Century: Drivers and Challenges. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Sunyowati, Dina. Integrated Coastal Management: Kajian Hukum Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 2020.
Nurdiansyah, Dickry Rizanny. Strategi dan Pertahanan Maritim Nusantara. Makassar: CV. Nas Media Pustaka, 2018.
Darmawan. Menyibak Gelombang Menuju Negara Maritim: Kajian Strategis Mewujdukan Poros Maritim Dunia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2018.
Wangke, Humphrey. Kerjasama Indonesia-Malaysia Dalam Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Kalimantan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2017.
Rosyidin, Mohammad. Indonesia: Menuju Kekuatan Global Abad 21. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo, 2019.
Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Bandung: PT. Alumni, 2015.
Purdijatno, Tedjo Edhy. Mengawal Perbatasan Negara Maritim. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2010.
Saronto, Wahyu. Intelijen: Teori Intelijen dan Pembangunan Jaringan. Yogyakarta: Andi Yogyakarta, 2020.
Journal Article
Adiyanto, Endang. “Tinjauan Hukum dan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia (Studi Kasus Pulau Nipa).” Buletin Ekonomi Perikanan 7, no. 2 (2007): 51-62.
Artner, Annamaria. “Role of Indonesia in the Evolution of ASEAN.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs 31, no. 1 (2017): 1-38.
Asana, Rambu, Sri Suwartiningsih, and Adrianus Bintang Hanto Nugroho. “Kebijakan Pertahanan Indonesia Terhadap Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Pada Masa Pemerintahan Jokowi.” Cakrawala Jurnal Penelitian Sosial 6, no. 1 (2017): 35-58.
Bateman, Sam and Quentin Hanich. “Maritime Security Issues in an Arc of Instability and Opportunity.” Institute for Regional Security 9, no. 4 (2013): 87-105.
Bateman, Sam. “Solving the “Wicked Problems” of Maritime Security: Are Regional Forums up to the Task?.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 33, no. 10 (2011): 1-28.
Brewster, David. “The Relationship between India and Indonesia: An Evolving Security Partnership?.” Asian Survey 51, no. 2 (2011): 221-224.
Budianto, Prima Farid, Edi Susilo, and Erlinda Indrayani. “Implementasi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Pulau-Pulau Kecil terhadap Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Lihunu, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.” ECSOFiM (Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal) 1, no. 1 (2013): 1-10.
Dunk Graeme. “Defence Industry Policy 2016 – Well – Intentioned but Conflicted.” Security Challenges 12, no. 12 (2016): 139-150.
Grote, Jenny. “The Changing Tides of Small Island States Discourse – A Historical Overview of the Apperance of Small Island States in the International Arena.” Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 43, no. 2 (2010): 164-191.
Heriyanto, Meyzi. “Formulasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pulau Terluar.” Jurnal Kebijakan Publik 3, no. 1 (2012): 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jkp.3.1.p.%25p
Klein, Natalie. “The Effectiveness of the UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Regime: Reaching for the Stars?.” In ASIL Annual Meeting Proceedings, vol. 108, pp. 359-364. American Society for International Law, 2014.
Kour, F. “Kajian ekonomi dan kebijakan pengelolaan Pulau Lirang, Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia.” Jurnal Akuatikisle 2, no. 1 (2018): 22-29.
Lim, Kyunghan. “Non Traditional Maritime Security Threats in Northeast Asia: Implication for Regional Cooperation.” Journal of International and Area Studies 22, no. 2 (2015): 135-146.
Liss, Carolin. “New Actors and the State: Adressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 35, no. 2 (2013): 141-162.
Magnússon, Bjarni Már. “Outer continental shelf boundary agreements.” International & Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2013): 345-372.
Parlindungan, Andi Putra, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, and Trismadi Trismadi. “Pemilihan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) Untuk Pembangunan Wilayah Pertahanan Menggunakan Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) Studi Kasus: PPKT Di Kepulauan Tanimbar, Provinsi Maluku.” Keamanan Maritim 5, no. 1 (2019): 13-38.
Sambhi, Natalie. “Jokowi’s ‘Global Maritime Axis’ Smooth Sailing or Rocky Seas Ahead?.” Security Challenges 11, no. 2 (2015): 39-56.
Simon, Sheldon W. “Conflict and diplomacy in the South China Sea.” Asian Survey 52, no. 6 (2012): 995-1018.
Siregar, Chairil N. “Analisis potensi daerah pulau-pulau terpencil dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan, keamanan nasional, dan keutuhan wilayah NKRI di Nunukan–Kalimantan Timur.” Jurnal Sosioteknologi 7, no. 13 (2008): 345-368.
Strating, Rebecca. “Maritime territorialization, UNCLOS and the timor sea dispute.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 40, no. 1 (2018): 101-125.
Suhartono, Suhartono, D. Herly Dwiyanto, and D. A. R. Deni. “Realign Ment Flight Information Region Singapura Dalam Rangka Penegakan Kedaulatan Negara di Wilayah Udara Nasional.” Strategi Pertahanan Udara 5, no. 1 (2019): 95-128.
Suharyanto, Suharyanto, Armen Zulham, Muhendis Sidqi, Arif Sudianto, Arif Widianto, and Suraji Suraji. “Pulau-pulau Kecil Sebagai Pusat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia: Review Aspek Teknis, Sosial dan Ekonomi.” Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 1 (2020): 73-84. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1557/marina.v6i1.8934
Takei, Tomohisa. “The New Time and Space, Dimensions of a Maritime Defense Strategy.” Naval War College Review 70, no. 4 (2017): 48-60.
Theohery, Deddy. “Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Laut Internasional.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum: ALETHEA 2, no. 1 (2018): 17-30.
Wallis, Joanne, and James Batley. “How Does the ‘Pacific’Fit into the ‘Indo-Pacific’? The Changing Geopolitics of the Pacific Islands.” Security Challenges 16, no. 1 (2020): 2-10.
Whiejin, Lee. “The Law of the Sea Regime in Northeast Asia: Issues and the Way Forward.” The Journal of East Asian Affairs 32, no. 1 (2018): 45-51.
Williams, Paul R. “What Makes a State? Territory.” Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, vol. 106, pp. 449-450. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Yustinaningrum, Diah. “Pengembangan Wisata Bahari di Taman Wisata Perairan Pulau Pieh dan Laut Sekitarnya.” Jurnal Agrika 11, no. 1 (2017): 96-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.31328/ja.v11i1.455
Thesis
Simatupang, Metrini Geopani. “Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan 12 Pulau Kecil Terluar Indonesia (Ditinjau dari Proses Sekuritisasi dan Lingkungan Hidup) Policy Analysis for Management of the 12th Strategic Outer – Most Islands of Indonesia.” Master’s Thesis, Department of Evironmental Science Studies Universitas Indonesia, 2009.
Legal Documents of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia, The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia, Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning State Territory.
Indonesia, Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning State Defense.
Indonesia, Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning the Territory of the State.
Indonesia, Law No. 1 of 1973 concerning the Continental Shelf.
Indonesia, Law No. 6 of 1996 concerning Indonesian Waters.
Indonesia, Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands.
Indonesia, Law No. 1 of 2014 concerning Amendment to Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas dan Small Islands.
Indonesia, Government Regulation No. 62 of 2010 concerning Utilization of Outermost Small Islands.
Indonesia, Government Regulation No. 38 of 2002 concerning List of Geographic Coordinates of the Basic Line Points of the Indonesian Islands.
Indonesia, Presidential Regulation No. 78 of 2005 concerning Management of Small Outermost Islands.
Indonesia, Minister of Defense Regulation No. 19 of 2015 concerning Operating Policy State Defense in 2015-2019.
Indonesia, Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Regulation No. 17 of 2016 concerning Land Management in Coastal Areas and Small Islands.
Indonesia, Minister of Defense Regulation No. 10 of 2010 concerning Security Operations Allowance for TNI and PNS Servants Who Serve in Security Operations on the Outerest Small Islands and Border Areas.
Indonesia, Regulation of the Head of the National Agency for Border Management No. 2 of 2015 concerning Strategic Plan of the National Border Management Agency Year 2015-2019.
International Legal Documents
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, 2005.
Other Documents
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia). “Diplomasi Pertahanan Maritim: Strategi, Tantangan, dan Prospek.” https://kemlu.go.id/download/L3NpdGVzL3B1c2F0L0RvY3VtZW50cy9LYWppYW4lMjBCUFBLL1AzSyUyME9JLU1VTFRJTEFURVJBTC8xNV9EaXBsb21hc2lfUGVydGFoYW5hbl9NYXJpdGltLnBkZg==.
Zahara, Ervita, et. al., “Analisis Ringkas Cepat, Pusat Kajian Anggaran Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI 2020,” https://puskajianggaran.dpr.go.id/produk/detail-analisis-ringkas-cepat/id/38.
Website Content
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Republik Indonesia (Coordinating Ministry for Maritime & Investment Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Menko Maritim Luncurkan Data Rujukan Wilayah Kelautan Indonesia.” https://maritim.go.id/menko-maritim-luncurkan-data-rujukan-wilayah-kelautan-indonesia/
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Indonesia – India Dorong Kerja Sama Ekonomi dan Maritim.” https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/579/berita/indonesia-india-dorong-kerja-sama-ekonomi-dan-maritim
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia). “Pulau Nipa Jadi Model Percontohan Pembangunan Ekonomi Pulau Terluar Berbasis Pertahanan.” https://www.kemhan.go.id/2019/08/20/pulau-nipa-jadi-model-percontohan-pembangunan-ekonomi-pulau-terluar-berbasis-pertahanan.html
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia). “111 Pulau-pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) di Indonesia.” https://kkp.go.id/djprl/p4k/infografis-detail/5794-111-pulau-pulau-kecil-terluar-ppkt-di-indonesia
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia). “Konservasi Untuk Kesejahteraan.” http://kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id/index.php/beritabaru/267-14th-konservasi-untuk-kesejahteraan
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Republik Indonesia (Coordinating Ministry for Maritime & Investment Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia). “Indonesia Membuka Peluang Investasi Bagi Para Investor Dunia.” https://maritim.go.id/indonesia-membuka-peluang-investasi-bagi-para-investor-dunia/
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia). “Perbatasan Maritim.” https://www.kemhan.go.id/itjen/wp-content/uploads/migrasi/peraturan/perbatasan.pdf
Badan Pengembangan Infrastruktur Wilayah Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (Regional Infrastructure Development Agency of the Ministry of Public Works). “Kementerian PUPR Integrasikan Program-Program Prioritas Untuk Mendukung Kawasan Perdesaan, Kawasan Perbatasan dan PPKT.” https://bpiw.pu.go.id/article/detail/kementerian-pupr-integrasikan-program-program-prioritas-untuk-mendukung-kawasan-perdesaan-kawasan-perbatasan-dan-ppkt
Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia). “Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT).” https://setkab.go.id/optimalisasi-pengelolaan-pulau-pulau-kecil-terluar-ppkt/
Published
2022-01-30
How to Cite
FADHIIL, Muhammad Dzaki; AFRIANSYAH, Arie.
Strategic Development of Indonesia’s Outermost Islands as an Enhancement of National Maritime Defense and Sovereignty.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 83-107, jan. 2022.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/77194>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2022.v06.i01.p05.
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