Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”
Abstract
Penglipuran is a customary village in Bali that traditionally imposes a customary sanction for villagers who litter waste in the territory of the village in the form of holding a prayascita ceremony. This article aims to analyze the existence of prayascita customary sanctions in Penglipuran Village, the efforts to overcome littering in the village territory, and the implications of such sanctions on the legal awareness of the community. This paper combines a religious based-research in social-humanities and empirical juridical research that analyzes data and legal sources in descriptive, qualitative, and systematic methods. This research revealed that prayascita customary sanction is imposed on anyone who is decided guilty for littering in a village meeting, entails that he/she has to hold a prayascita ceremony that takes place in the village’s catus pata (crossroad). The efforts of Penglipuran Village to tackle littering problems are overseeing and maintaining the sanctity, sustainability, cleanliness, and orderliness of the area of ??the village. The programs and facilities that are implemented to control littering practice in this article can be divided into preventive and repressive measures. In terms of legal awareness, the village community has generally obeyed the customary rules. It is proven by the absence of people who have been imposed prayascita customary sanctions. It may be assessed that village members have a high community legal awareness to sort waste and put it in the rubbish bin. Therefore, the sanction to hold a prayascita ceremony has never happened until now. This indicates that a clean living culture has been well internalized by the community.
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References
Book
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Soekanto, Soerjono and Soleman B. Taneko. Hukum Adat Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.
Soemadiningrat, H. R. Otje Salman. Rekonseptualisasi Hukum Adat Kontemporer. Bandung: Alumni, 2011.
Suteki. Hukum dan Alih Teknologi. Yogyakarta: Thafa Media, 2013.
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Journal Article
Andayani, Anak Agung Istri, Edhi Martono, and Muhamad Muhamad. “Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan desa wisata dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya wilayah (studi di desa wisata Penglipuran Bali).” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 23, no. 1 (2017): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.18006
Ardiyanto, Desta. “Pengelolaan Lahan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Penglipuran.” Jurnal Green Growth dan Manajemen Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (2019): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.21009/jgg.082.02
Astuti, Ni Nyoman Sri, Gede Ginaya, and Ni Putu Wiwiek Ary Susyarini. “Designing Bali tourism model through the implementation of tri hita karana and sad kertih values.” International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 5, no. 1 (2019): 12-23. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v5n1.461
Benda-Beckmann, Keebet von, and Bertram Turner. “Legal pluralism, social theory, and the state.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 50, no. 3 (2018): 255-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197516744.013.18
Diaz, Hannah M. “Plastic: Breaking down the Unbreakable.” Fla. Coastal L. Rev. 19 (2018): 85-113.
Dita, Made Agus Dwi Pradnyana, I Made Rai Aditya Wiranata, Kompiang Sari, and I W. Sujana. “Penglipuran Sebagai Desa Edukasi Berbasis Tri Hita Karana Dalam Pengembangan Karakter SD.” Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal 2, no. 2 (2019): 97-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ivcej.v2i2.21228
Hidayat, Yosi Agustina, Saskia Kiranamahsa, and Muchammad Arya Zamal. “A study of plastic waste management effectiveness in Indonesia industries.” AIMS Energy 7, no. 3 (2019): 350-370. http://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2019.3.350
Januariawan, I Gede. “Lingkungan Hidup Di Desa Pakraman Penglipuran: Kajian Teologi Hindu.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 3, no. 1 (2019): 65-74.
Lau, Jacqueline D., Georgina G. Gurney, and Joshua Cinner. “Environmental justice in coastal systems: Perspectives from communities confronting change,” Global Environmental Change 66 (2021): 102208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102208
Lestawi, I Nengah, and Dewi Bunga. “The Role of customary law in the forest preservation in Bali.” Journal of Landscape Ecology 13 no.1 (2020): 25-41. https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2020-0002
Mulyadi, Lilik. “Eksistensi Hukum Pidana Adat Di Indonesia: Pengkajian Asas, Norma, Teori, Praktik dan Prosedurnya.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 2, no. 2 (2013): 225-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.2.2.2013.225-246
Mustafa, Kiran, Javaria Kanwal, and Sara Musaddiq. “Waste Plastic-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications.” Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing (2021): 781-803. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_27
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. “Dynamics of adat law community recognition: struggle to strengthen legal capacity.” Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 31, no. 2 (2019): 279-296. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.34032
Priambodo, Bono Budi. “Positioning adat law in the Indonesia’s legal system: Historical discourse and current development on customary law.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2, no. 2 (2018): 140-164. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2018.v02.i02.p02
Primadwiyani, Agung Anisca and AA Gde Oka Parwata. “Analisis Saksi Adat/Kewajiban Adat Meprayascitta Sebagai Pidana Tambahan Ditinjau Dari Tujuan Pemidanaan Dalam RUU KUHP di Indonesia.” Kertha Wicara 7, no.2 (2018): 1-6.
Qolby, M. Taufan and M. Tsani Alhaq. “Kajian Kepedulian Masyarakat Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Upaya Pelestarian Lingkungan Di Desa Penglipuran Bali.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan 20, no. 2 (2019): 1-12.
Rasta, I Dewa Made. “Tindak Pidana Adat di Bali dan Sanksi Adatnya.” Jurnal Yustitia 13, no. 2 (2019): 40-48.
Seregig, I. Ketut. “Legal Sanction of Kesepekang in Balinese Customary System (In Perspective: Empiricism Theory of David Hume).” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 3 (2017): 302-316. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no3.1109
Sugiama, Aceng Gima. “The Sustainable Rural Tourism Asset Development Process Based on Natural and Cultural Conservation.” Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (2019): 249-253. https://doi.org/10.2991/icastss-19.2019.52
Sutaryantha, Md Putri Wiyantari, and Bevaola Kusumasari. “Indigenous Collaborative Governance: An Understanding of Decision-Making Process at Desa Adat in Bali, Indonesia.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2018): 119-145. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p01
Widastra, Paskalis Nyoman, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara, Anak Agung Bagus Wirawan, and I Gede Mudana. “The customary village hegemony in Bali towards minority groups.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 7 (2020): 450-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i7.1866
Yasa, I Made Ardika, and Ni Komang Wiasti. “Pelatihan Pembuatan Sarana Upakara Pabersihan Dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat Pinandita Sanggraha Nusantara Koordinator Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat.” Selaparang Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 4, no. 2 (2021): 291-301.
Yusa, I Gede, and Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan. “The balinese traditional law instrument: A realism between the balance of cosmic and human rights context.” Padjadjaran Journal of Law 5, no. 3 (2018): 447-463. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n3.a3
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia. Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Environmental Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Village.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 27 of 2020 concerning Specific Waste Management. Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration No. 1 of 2015 concerning Guidelines for Authority Based on Origin Rights and Village-Scale Local Authorities
Bali Province. Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages in Bali.
Penglipuran Customary Village. Awig-awig of Penglipuran Village (last version August 19, 1989)
Case Law
The Supreme Court Decision No. 1644 K/Pid/1988 dated 15 May 1991.
Website Content
Azzahra, Tiara Aliya. “Menteri LHK: Timbunan Sampah di Indonesia Tahun 2020 Capai 67,8 Juta Ton.” https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5046558/menteri-lhk-timbunan-sampah-di-indonesia-tahun-2020-capai-678-juta-ton
Portal Informasi Indonesia. “Desa Wisata; Udara Desa Penglipuran Terbersih di Dunia.” https://indonesia.go.id/ragam/pariwisata/sosial/udara-desa-penglipuran-terbersih-di-dunia
Ariawan, I Gusti Ketut. Eksistensi Delik Hukum Adat Bali Dalam Rangka Pembentukan Hukum Pidana Nasional. Denpasar: Program Pascasarjana Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Udayana, 1992.
Benda-Beckmann, Keebet von, and Bertram Turner. “Anthropological Roots of Global Legal Pluralism” In The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism, edited by Paul Schiff Berman. Oxford Handbook Online, 2020.
Santika, I Gusti Ngurah. Menggali dan Menemukan Roh Pancasila Secara Kontekstual. Klaten: Penerbit Lakeisha, 2020.
Soekanto, Soerjono. Kesadaran Hukum dan Kepatuhan Hukum. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2012.
Soekanto, Soerjono and Soleman B. Taneko. Hukum Adat Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.
Soemadiningrat, H. R. Otje Salman. Rekonseptualisasi Hukum Adat Kontemporer. Bandung: Alumni, 2011.
Suteki. Hukum dan Alih Teknologi. Yogyakarta: Thafa Media, 2013.
Windia, Wayan P. and I Ketut Sudantra. Pengantar Hukum Adat Bali. Denpasar: Lembaga Dokumentasi dan Publikasi Fakultas Hukum, 2006.
Journal Article
Andayani, Anak Agung Istri, Edhi Martono, and Muhamad Muhamad. “Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan desa wisata dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya wilayah (studi di desa wisata Penglipuran Bali).” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 23, no. 1 (2017): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.18006
Ardiyanto, Desta. “Pengelolaan Lahan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Penglipuran.” Jurnal Green Growth dan Manajemen Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (2019): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.21009/jgg.082.02
Astuti, Ni Nyoman Sri, Gede Ginaya, and Ni Putu Wiwiek Ary Susyarini. “Designing Bali tourism model through the implementation of tri hita karana and sad kertih values.” International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 5, no. 1 (2019): 12-23. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v5n1.461
Benda-Beckmann, Keebet von, and Bertram Turner. “Legal pluralism, social theory, and the state.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 50, no. 3 (2018): 255-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197516744.013.18
Diaz, Hannah M. “Plastic: Breaking down the Unbreakable.” Fla. Coastal L. Rev. 19 (2018): 85-113.
Dita, Made Agus Dwi Pradnyana, I Made Rai Aditya Wiranata, Kompiang Sari, and I W. Sujana. “Penglipuran Sebagai Desa Edukasi Berbasis Tri Hita Karana Dalam Pengembangan Karakter SD.” Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal 2, no. 2 (2019): 97-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ivcej.v2i2.21228
Hidayat, Yosi Agustina, Saskia Kiranamahsa, and Muchammad Arya Zamal. “A study of plastic waste management effectiveness in Indonesia industries.” AIMS Energy 7, no. 3 (2019): 350-370. http://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2019.3.350
Januariawan, I Gede. “Lingkungan Hidup Di Desa Pakraman Penglipuran: Kajian Teologi Hindu.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 3, no. 1 (2019): 65-74.
Lau, Jacqueline D., Georgina G. Gurney, and Joshua Cinner. “Environmental justice in coastal systems: Perspectives from communities confronting change,” Global Environmental Change 66 (2021): 102208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102208
Lestawi, I Nengah, and Dewi Bunga. “The Role of customary law in the forest preservation in Bali.” Journal of Landscape Ecology 13 no.1 (2020): 25-41. https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2020-0002
Mulyadi, Lilik. “Eksistensi Hukum Pidana Adat Di Indonesia: Pengkajian Asas, Norma, Teori, Praktik dan Prosedurnya.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 2, no. 2 (2013): 225-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.2.2.2013.225-246
Mustafa, Kiran, Javaria Kanwal, and Sara Musaddiq. “Waste Plastic-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications.” Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing (2021): 781-803. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_27
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. “Dynamics of adat law community recognition: struggle to strengthen legal capacity.” Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 31, no. 2 (2019): 279-296. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.34032
Priambodo, Bono Budi. “Positioning adat law in the Indonesia’s legal system: Historical discourse and current development on customary law.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2, no. 2 (2018): 140-164. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2018.v02.i02.p02
Primadwiyani, Agung Anisca and AA Gde Oka Parwata. “Analisis Saksi Adat/Kewajiban Adat Meprayascitta Sebagai Pidana Tambahan Ditinjau Dari Tujuan Pemidanaan Dalam RUU KUHP di Indonesia.” Kertha Wicara 7, no.2 (2018): 1-6.
Qolby, M. Taufan and M. Tsani Alhaq. “Kajian Kepedulian Masyarakat Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Upaya Pelestarian Lingkungan Di Desa Penglipuran Bali.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan 20, no. 2 (2019): 1-12.
Rasta, I Dewa Made. “Tindak Pidana Adat di Bali dan Sanksi Adatnya.” Jurnal Yustitia 13, no. 2 (2019): 40-48.
Seregig, I. Ketut. “Legal Sanction of Kesepekang in Balinese Customary System (In Perspective: Empiricism Theory of David Hume).” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 3 (2017): 302-316. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no3.1109
Sugiama, Aceng Gima. “The Sustainable Rural Tourism Asset Development Process Based on Natural and Cultural Conservation.” Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (2019): 249-253. https://doi.org/10.2991/icastss-19.2019.52
Sutaryantha, Md Putri Wiyantari, and Bevaola Kusumasari. “Indigenous Collaborative Governance: An Understanding of Decision-Making Process at Desa Adat in Bali, Indonesia.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2018): 119-145. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p01
Widastra, Paskalis Nyoman, Anak Agung Ngurah Anom Kumbara, Anak Agung Bagus Wirawan, and I Gede Mudana. “The customary village hegemony in Bali towards minority groups.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 7 (2020): 450-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i7.1866
Yasa, I Made Ardika, and Ni Komang Wiasti. “Pelatihan Pembuatan Sarana Upakara Pabersihan Dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat Pinandita Sanggraha Nusantara Koordinator Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat.” Selaparang Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 4, no. 2 (2021): 291-301.
Yusa, I Gede, and Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan. “The balinese traditional law instrument: A realism between the balance of cosmic and human rights context.” Padjadjaran Journal of Law 5, no. 3 (2018): 447-463. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n3.a3
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia. Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Environmental Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Village.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 27 of 2020 concerning Specific Waste Management. Indonesia. Regulation of Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration No. 1 of 2015 concerning Guidelines for Authority Based on Origin Rights and Village-Scale Local Authorities
Bali Province. Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages in Bali.
Penglipuran Customary Village. Awig-awig of Penglipuran Village (last version August 19, 1989)
Case Law
The Supreme Court Decision No. 1644 K/Pid/1988 dated 15 May 1991.
Website Content
Azzahra, Tiara Aliya. “Menteri LHK: Timbunan Sampah di Indonesia Tahun 2020 Capai 67,8 Juta Ton.” https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5046558/menteri-lhk-timbunan-sampah-di-indonesia-tahun-2020-capai-678-juta-ton
Portal Informasi Indonesia. “Desa Wisata; Udara Desa Penglipuran Terbersih di Dunia.” https://indonesia.go.id/ragam/pariwisata/sosial/udara-desa-penglipuran-terbersih-di-dunia
Published
2022-01-30
How to Cite
PUTRA, Ida Bagus Sudarma.
Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 23-41, jan. 2022.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/65558>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2022.v06.i01.p02.
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