Identifying Social Contexts Upon The Annual Homecoming Prohibition Due to The Covid-19 Outbreak
Abstract
Despite its well-established value, the 1441 AH annual homecoming was prohibited by the Government of Indonesia to halt the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper aims to illustrate as well as analyse social factors that come up along with the implementation of the regulation. This research employs the so-called socio-legal research method. The intercourse between law and society has been discussed thoroughly. Later, the discussion builds a connection between law and society in which law initiates changes within society. Furthermore, as this regulation intends to adjust a well-established social value, this paper offers analysis from a perspective of sociology of law. There is a list of considerations to study. First, the legitimate lawmakers and the measurable benchmark are the main sociological strength of the law. Secondly, the absence of an integrated punishment and the ad-hoc basis of policy-making reduce the capacity to create social changes. Besides, other social factors ignored by the Government range from the recognition of this annual homecoming as social value to the ignorance of current social solidarity in Indonesia.
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References
Book
Bix, Brian H. A Dictionary of Legal Theory. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Budiardjo, Miriam. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2010.
Deflem, Mathieu. Sociology of Law: Visions of a Scholarly Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Djokosoetono. Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta: In-Hill-Co, 2006.
Effendy, Bahtiar. Insight: Essays on Islam and Public Affairs. Bekasi: PT Penjuru Ilmu Sejati, 2017.
Fuller, Lon F. The Morality of Law. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.
Koentjaraningrat. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas, dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2015.
Madjid, Nurcholis. Islam, Kemodernan, dan Keindonesiaan. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 2013.
Magnis-Suseno, Franz. Etika Politik: Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2016.
Nonet, Philippe, and Philip Selznick. Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2009.
Sidharta, Bernard Arief. Refleksi tentang Struktur Ilmu Hukum: Sebuah Penelitian tentang Fundasi Kefilsafatan dan Sifat Keilmuan Hukum sebagai Landasan Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum Nasional. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 2009.
Soekanto, Soerjono. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014.
__________. Pokok-pokok Sosiologi Hukum. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2006.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Purnadi Purbatjaraka. Sendi-Sendi Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 1983.
Vago, Steven. Law and Society. New Jersey: Prentice –Hall, Inc., 1991.
Van Apeldoorn, L.J. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum [Inleiding tot de Studie van het Nederlandsche Recht]. Translated by Oetarid Sadino. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2011.
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Dror, Yehezkel. “Law and Social Change”. In Sociology of Law: Selected Readings, edited by Vilhelm Aubert, 90-99. New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
Hatta, Mohammad. “Ekonomi Indonesia di Masa Datang”. In Satu Abad Bung Hatta, edited by Sri-Edi Swasono and Fauzie Ridjal, 3-17. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 2006.
Weber, Max. “Rational and Irrational Administration of Justice”. In Sociology of Law: Selected Readings, edited by Vilhelm Aubert, 153-160. New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
Journal Article
Alfirdaus, Laila Kholid, Eric Hiariej, and Farsijana Adeney-Risakotta, “Theories of Social Solidarity in the Situations of (Natural) Disasters”, Politika 6, no. 11 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14710/politika. 6.1.2015.44-70
Breman, Jan. “Myth of the Global Safety Net”. New Left Review 59(2009): 29-36.
Fuad, Muskinul. "Makna Hidup Di Bauk Tradisi Mudik Lebaran (Studi Fenomenologi Atas Pengalaman Pemudik Dalam Merayakan Idul Fitri di Kampung Halaman)." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (2011): 107-123. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v5i1.774
Irianto, Agus Maladi. “Mudik dan Keretakan Budaya”. Humanika 15, no.2 (2012). https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.15.9.
Leeuw, Frans L. “Empirical Legal Research: The Gap between Facts and Values and Legal Academic Training”. Utrecht Law Review 11, no. 2 (2015): 19-33. http://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.315
Nadler, Janice. “Expressive Law, Social Norms, and Social Groups”. Law and Social Inquiry 42, no.1 (2017): 60-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ lsi.12279
Novianto, Arif. “Memperbesar Tentara Cadangan Pekerja: ‘Bonus Demografi’ dan Ekonomi Politik Negara Neoliberal di Indonesia”. Kawistara 7, no. 2 (2017): 187-200. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.18834
Sekiwu, Denis, and M.M. Botha, “Values for a Social Development in the Context of Globalisation: Analysing the Role of the Ugandan School”. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Linguistics and Education 14, no. 4 (2014): 26-36.
Utama, I Made Arya. “Do Indonesia Law and Policies on Covid-19 Countermeasures Action Reflect Legality?”. Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p05
Yulianto, Vissia Ita. “Is the Past Another Country? A Case Study of Rural-urban Affinity on Mudik Lebaran in Central Java”. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity 4 (2011): 49-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.118
Legal Documents of the Republic of Indonesia
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine. State Gazette of 2018 No. 128, Supplement to State Gazette No. 6236.
Government Regulation on Large-scale Social Restriction in the Effort to Handle COVID-19. Government Regulation No.21 of 2020, State Gazette of 2020 No. 91, Supplement to State Gazette No. 6487.
Regulation of Minister of Health on Guidelines of Large-scale Social Restriction. Regulation of Minister of Health No. 9 of 2020, Official Gazette of 2020 No.326.
Regulation of Minister of Transportation No.25 of 2020 concerning Control During the 1441 AH Annual Homecoming. Official Gazette of 2020 No. 405.
Regulation of Minister of Transportation No.41 of 2020 concerning the Amendment of Regulation of Minister Transportation No.25 of 2020 concerning Transportation Control During the 1441 AH Annual Homecoming.Official Gazzette of 2020 No.587.
Regulation of Governor of Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province No. 41 of 2020 concerning the Imposition of Sanctions for Violations of the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Handling COVID-19 in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province
Website Content
Al Jazeera. “Chaos and Hunger Amid India Coronavirus Lockdown”. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/chaos-hunger-india-coronavirus-lockdown-200327094522268.html.
Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. ”Gov’t Revises National Holiday, Collective Leave 2020”. https://setkab.go.id/en/govt-revises-national-holiday-collective-leave-2020/
CNBC Indonesia. “Ada Corona, 1,3 Juta Orang Tetap Ngotot Mudik di Jabodetabek. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200414125207-4-151775/ada-corona-13-juta-orang-tetap-ngotot-mudik-di-jabodetabek.
Historia. “Lebaran tanpa Mudik di Awal Republik”. https://historia.id/militer/articles/lebaran-tanpa-mudik-di-awal-republik-vXlOr.
_________. “Mudik Tahun 1960-an”. https://historia.id/urban/articles/mudik-tahun-1960-an-6k4pR.
Independent. “Why Italy’s Coronavirus Death Toll Continues to Spike Despite Lockdown and What the UK Can Learn”. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-coronavirus-death-toll-lockdown-uk-self-isolation-social-distancing-a9414581.html.
Jakarta Post. “Bali Police Arrest Seven for Allegedly Selling COVID-19 Travel Permits at Gilimanuk Port”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/16/bali-police-arrest-seven-for-allegedly-selling-covid-19-travel-permits-at-gilimanuk-port.html.
_________. “Experts Slam Govt for ‘Inconsistent, Poor’ Covid-19 Policies after Transport Relaxation”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/08/experts-slam-govt-for-inconsistent-poor-covid-19-policies-after-transport-relaxation.html.
_________. “Government to Allow Public Transportation to Operate but Still bans ‘Mudik’”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/06/government-to-allow-public-transportation-to-operate-but-still-bans-mudik.html.
_________. “Public Transportation Use in Greater Jakarta Plummets during Pandemic: BPTJ”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/20/public-transportation-use-in-greater-jakarta-plummets-during-covid-19-pandemic-bptj.html.
Reuters. “South Korea to Relax Social Distancing Rules Further Starting May 6”. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea/south-korea-to-relax-social-distancing-rules-further-starting-may-6-idUSKBN22F06C.
Sindonews. “Mendagri: Pelanggar PSBB Wajib Diberikan Sanksi Sosial”. https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/26495/15/mendagri-pelanggar-psbb-wajib-diberikan-sanksi-sosial-1589321112.
Tempo. “Government Insists Lockdown Not an Option yet”. https://en.tempo.co/read/1326376/government-insists-lockdown-not-an-option-yetTempo. ”MRT Jakarta Closes Two More Stations”. https://en.tempo.co/read/1334459/mrt-jakarta-closes-two-more-stations.
_________. “Polisi Sebut Ada Orang yang Ngumpet di Truk Molen agar Bisa Mudik”. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1339435/polisi-sebut-ada-orang-yang-ngumpet-di-truk-molen-agar-bisa-mudik
United States Department of Education. “Impact of the Civil Rights Laws”. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/impact.html.
Washington Post. “Chinese cities Cancel New Year Celebrations, Travel Ban Widens in Effort To Stop Coronavirus Outbreak”. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/coronavirus-china-wuhan-latest/2020/01/23/2dc947a8-3d45-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html
Bix, Brian H. A Dictionary of Legal Theory. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Budiardjo, Miriam. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2010.
Deflem, Mathieu. Sociology of Law: Visions of a Scholarly Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Djokosoetono. Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta: In-Hill-Co, 2006.
Effendy, Bahtiar. Insight: Essays on Islam and Public Affairs. Bekasi: PT Penjuru Ilmu Sejati, 2017.
Fuller, Lon F. The Morality of Law. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.
Koentjaraningrat. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas, dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2015.
Madjid, Nurcholis. Islam, Kemodernan, dan Keindonesiaan. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 2013.
Magnis-Suseno, Franz. Etika Politik: Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2016.
Nonet, Philippe, and Philip Selznick. Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2009.
Sidharta, Bernard Arief. Refleksi tentang Struktur Ilmu Hukum: Sebuah Penelitian tentang Fundasi Kefilsafatan dan Sifat Keilmuan Hukum sebagai Landasan Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum Nasional. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 2009.
Soekanto, Soerjono. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014.
__________. Pokok-pokok Sosiologi Hukum. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2006.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Purnadi Purbatjaraka. Sendi-Sendi Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 1983.
Vago, Steven. Law and Society. New Jersey: Prentice –Hall, Inc., 1991.
Van Apeldoorn, L.J. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum [Inleiding tot de Studie van het Nederlandsche Recht]. Translated by Oetarid Sadino. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2011.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Dror, Yehezkel. “Law and Social Change”. In Sociology of Law: Selected Readings, edited by Vilhelm Aubert, 90-99. New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
Hatta, Mohammad. “Ekonomi Indonesia di Masa Datang”. In Satu Abad Bung Hatta, edited by Sri-Edi Swasono and Fauzie Ridjal, 3-17. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 2006.
Weber, Max. “Rational and Irrational Administration of Justice”. In Sociology of Law: Selected Readings, edited by Vilhelm Aubert, 153-160. New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
Journal Article
Alfirdaus, Laila Kholid, Eric Hiariej, and Farsijana Adeney-Risakotta, “Theories of Social Solidarity in the Situations of (Natural) Disasters”, Politika 6, no. 11 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14710/politika. 6.1.2015.44-70
Breman, Jan. “Myth of the Global Safety Net”. New Left Review 59(2009): 29-36.
Fuad, Muskinul. "Makna Hidup Di Bauk Tradisi Mudik Lebaran (Studi Fenomenologi Atas Pengalaman Pemudik Dalam Merayakan Idul Fitri di Kampung Halaman)." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (2011): 107-123. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v5i1.774
Irianto, Agus Maladi. “Mudik dan Keretakan Budaya”. Humanika 15, no.2 (2012). https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.15.9.
Leeuw, Frans L. “Empirical Legal Research: The Gap between Facts and Values and Legal Academic Training”. Utrecht Law Review 11, no. 2 (2015): 19-33. http://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.315
Nadler, Janice. “Expressive Law, Social Norms, and Social Groups”. Law and Social Inquiry 42, no.1 (2017): 60-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ lsi.12279
Novianto, Arif. “Memperbesar Tentara Cadangan Pekerja: ‘Bonus Demografi’ dan Ekonomi Politik Negara Neoliberal di Indonesia”. Kawistara 7, no. 2 (2017): 187-200. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.18834
Sekiwu, Denis, and M.M. Botha, “Values for a Social Development in the Context of Globalisation: Analysing the Role of the Ugandan School”. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Linguistics and Education 14, no. 4 (2014): 26-36.
Utama, I Made Arya. “Do Indonesia Law and Policies on Covid-19 Countermeasures Action Reflect Legality?”. Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p05
Yulianto, Vissia Ita. “Is the Past Another Country? A Case Study of Rural-urban Affinity on Mudik Lebaran in Central Java”. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity 4 (2011): 49-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.118
Legal Documents of the Republic of Indonesia
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine. State Gazette of 2018 No. 128, Supplement to State Gazette No. 6236.
Government Regulation on Large-scale Social Restriction in the Effort to Handle COVID-19. Government Regulation No.21 of 2020, State Gazette of 2020 No. 91, Supplement to State Gazette No. 6487.
Regulation of Minister of Health on Guidelines of Large-scale Social Restriction. Regulation of Minister of Health No. 9 of 2020, Official Gazette of 2020 No.326.
Regulation of Minister of Transportation No.25 of 2020 concerning Control During the 1441 AH Annual Homecoming. Official Gazette of 2020 No. 405.
Regulation of Minister of Transportation No.41 of 2020 concerning the Amendment of Regulation of Minister Transportation No.25 of 2020 concerning Transportation Control During the 1441 AH Annual Homecoming.Official Gazzette of 2020 No.587.
Regulation of Governor of Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province No. 41 of 2020 concerning the Imposition of Sanctions for Violations of the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Handling COVID-19 in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province
Website Content
Al Jazeera. “Chaos and Hunger Amid India Coronavirus Lockdown”. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/chaos-hunger-india-coronavirus-lockdown-200327094522268.html.
Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. ”Gov’t Revises National Holiday, Collective Leave 2020”. https://setkab.go.id/en/govt-revises-national-holiday-collective-leave-2020/
CNBC Indonesia. “Ada Corona, 1,3 Juta Orang Tetap Ngotot Mudik di Jabodetabek. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200414125207-4-151775/ada-corona-13-juta-orang-tetap-ngotot-mudik-di-jabodetabek.
Historia. “Lebaran tanpa Mudik di Awal Republik”. https://historia.id/militer/articles/lebaran-tanpa-mudik-di-awal-republik-vXlOr.
_________. “Mudik Tahun 1960-an”. https://historia.id/urban/articles/mudik-tahun-1960-an-6k4pR.
Independent. “Why Italy’s Coronavirus Death Toll Continues to Spike Despite Lockdown and What the UK Can Learn”. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-coronavirus-death-toll-lockdown-uk-self-isolation-social-distancing-a9414581.html.
Jakarta Post. “Bali Police Arrest Seven for Allegedly Selling COVID-19 Travel Permits at Gilimanuk Port”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/16/bali-police-arrest-seven-for-allegedly-selling-covid-19-travel-permits-at-gilimanuk-port.html.
_________. “Experts Slam Govt for ‘Inconsistent, Poor’ Covid-19 Policies after Transport Relaxation”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/08/experts-slam-govt-for-inconsistent-poor-covid-19-policies-after-transport-relaxation.html.
_________. “Government to Allow Public Transportation to Operate but Still bans ‘Mudik’”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/06/government-to-allow-public-transportation-to-operate-but-still-bans-mudik.html.
_________. “Public Transportation Use in Greater Jakarta Plummets during Pandemic: BPTJ”. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/20/public-transportation-use-in-greater-jakarta-plummets-during-covid-19-pandemic-bptj.html.
Reuters. “South Korea to Relax Social Distancing Rules Further Starting May 6”. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea/south-korea-to-relax-social-distancing-rules-further-starting-may-6-idUSKBN22F06C.
Sindonews. “Mendagri: Pelanggar PSBB Wajib Diberikan Sanksi Sosial”. https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/26495/15/mendagri-pelanggar-psbb-wajib-diberikan-sanksi-sosial-1589321112.
Tempo. “Government Insists Lockdown Not an Option yet”. https://en.tempo.co/read/1326376/government-insists-lockdown-not-an-option-yetTempo. ”MRT Jakarta Closes Two More Stations”. https://en.tempo.co/read/1334459/mrt-jakarta-closes-two-more-stations.
_________. “Polisi Sebut Ada Orang yang Ngumpet di Truk Molen agar Bisa Mudik”. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1339435/polisi-sebut-ada-orang-yang-ngumpet-di-truk-molen-agar-bisa-mudik
United States Department of Education. “Impact of the Civil Rights Laws”. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/impact.html.
Washington Post. “Chinese cities Cancel New Year Celebrations, Travel Ban Widens in Effort To Stop Coronavirus Outbreak”. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/coronavirus-china-wuhan-latest/2020/01/23/2dc947a8-3d45-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html
Published
2021-01-31
How to Cite
FADLI PRASETYO, Kukuh.
Identifying Social Contexts Upon The Annual Homecoming Prohibition Due to The Covid-19 Outbreak.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 22-40, jan. 2021.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/60214>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v05.i01.p02.
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