Reparating Women’s Rights Violation Within Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Abstract
The establishment of Aceh TRC is based on the 2005 peace agreement between the Indonesian Government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM), which then regulated under Act No. 11 year 2006 on Governing of Aceh, and was manifested through the Aceh Qanun No. 17 year 2013 on Aceh TRC. Three years later, the commissioner of Aceh TRC was chosen and inaugurated by Aceh House of Representative on July 2016. This paper investigates Aceh TRC and its progress in fulfilling the rights of women as the victim of Aceh’s conflict, challenges and some recommendation for better implementation of TRC. Using a normative and empirical research, this paper found that Aceh TRC is an institution to uncover the truth of the past human rights violations, to achieve reconciliation and to recommend a comprehensive reparation. Currently (May 2019), Aceh TRC is collecting data to achieve the first goal that is uncovering the truth, while the rights of women as victim in Aceh’s conflict is remain alienated. It is recommended that Aceh TRC should implement the urgent reparations as soon as possible considering the condition of the women’s victim and their rights, and also for the central and provincial government to be supportive in terms of financial and moral support.
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References
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book
Al-Asyi, Y.A., Sejarah dan Tujuan Pemberontakan GAM Menurut Hukum International. Banda Aceh :Yayasan PeNA, 2018.
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Hamid, A.F., Jalan Damai Nanggroe Endatu. Jakarta :Penerbit Suara Bebas, 2006.
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Schaubman, D., Criminal Justice and Crimes against Women, in Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography 3th edition by Linda A. Krikos and Cindy Ingold, London: Libraries Unlimited, 2004.
Krikos, Linda A., Catherine R. Loeb, and Cindy Ingold. Women's studies: A recommended bibliography. Libraries unlimited, 2004.
Tania, S. Alternative Dispute Resolution, 4th ed, Pyrmont: Thomson Reuters, 2012.
Thorsten, B., and Safferling Christoph, Victims of International Crimes: An Interdisciplinary Discourse, The Hague: Asser press, 2013.
United Nations, Womens Rights are Human Rights, New York: United Nation Publication, 2014.
Wiratmadinata, An Evolving Model for Conflict Transformation And Peacebuilding in Aceh. Banda Aceh: Aceh Justice Resource Centre, 2009.
Wanyeki, L.M., (ed.), Women and Land in Africa—Culture, Religion and Realizing Women's Rights (Zed Books), 2003.
Journal Article
Abdurrahman, Ali, and Mei Susanto. "Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi di Indonesia dalam Upaya Penuntasan Pelanggaran HAM Berat di Masa Lalu." Padjadjaran Journal of Law 3, no. 3 (2016): 509-530. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3.n3.a4
Arief, Hanafi. "Legal Protection Against Women Victims by The Indonesian Domestic Violence Act 23, 2004." Sriwijaya Law Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 110-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol1.Iss1.12.pp110-121
Buchowska, Natalia. "Violated or protected. Women's rights in armed conflicts after the Second World War." International Comparative Jurisprudence 2, no. 2 (2016): 72-80.
Elisabeth, R., and Sir leaf Ellen Johnson, “Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-Building”, Progress of the World’s Women, Vol. 1, 2002.
Ford, Cristie. "Dogs and Tails: Remedies in Administrative Law." ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN CONTEXT, 2d ed.(Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 2013) (2012): 85-123.
Freeman, Marsha A. "The human rights of women under the CEDAW Convention: Complexities and opportunities of compliance." In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, vol. 91, pp. 378-383. Cambridge University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272503700066143
García-Godos, Jemima. "Victims’ rights and distributive justice: In search of actors." Human Rights Review 14, no. 3 (2013): 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-013-0272-4
Gardam, Judith. "Women, human rights and international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross Archive 38, no. 324 (1998): 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400091221
Gintis, Herbert, Carel Van Schaik, Christopher Boehm, Bernard Chapais, Jessica C. Flack, Mark Pagel, Jill D. Pruetz et al. "Zoon politikon: The evolutionary origins of human political systems." Current Anthropology 56, no. 3 (2015): 340-341.
Hayner, Priscilla B. "Fifteen Truth Commissions 1974 to 1994: A Comparative Study." Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1994): 597-655
Jasmina, B., “Accountability and National Reconciliation in South Africa”, International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 4 (2013): 55–86.
Stein, Dan J., Soraya Seedat, Debra Kaminer, Hashim Moomal, Allen Herman, John Sonnega, and David R. Williams. "The impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on psychological distress and forgiveness in South Africa." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 43, no. 6 (2008): 462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0350-0
Kadir, Aiyub, and M. Ya'kub. "Revisiting Self-determination Conflicts in Indonesia: an International Law Perspective." Indonesia Law Review 5, no. 2: 123-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v5n2.116
Kadir, M. Ya'kub Aiyub. "The Urgency of Establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Aceh: Against National Amnesia." Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 3 (2015): 495-509.
Kadir, M. Ya'kub Aiyub. "Peace Agreement Between the Government of Indonesia and Free Aceh Movement: Its Natures and Challenges." Indonesia Law Review 8, no. 2 (2018): 168-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v8n2.487
Kaminer, Debra, Dan J. Stein, Irene Mbanga, and Nompumelelo Zungu-Dirwayi. "The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa: Relation to psychiatric status and forgiveness among survivors of human rights abuses." The British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 4 (2001): 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.373
Manjoo, Rashida, and Calleigh McRaith. "Gender-based violence and justice in conflict and post-conflict areas." Cornell Int'l LJ 44 (2011): 11.
Merry, Sally Engle. "Constructing a global law-violence against women and the human rights system." Law & Social Inquiry 28, no. 4 (2003): 941-977. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2003.tb00828.x
Nannelli, Elizabeth. "Memory, records, history: the Records of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste." Archival Science 9, no. 1-2 (2009): 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-009-9103-4
Naqvi, Yasmin. "The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction?." International review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (2006): 245-273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383106000518
Patrick, B., “Justice and Reconciliation in East Timor”, Criminal Law Forum, 15 (2004): 135-158,
Phan, Hae Duy. "Reparations to Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations: The Case of Cambodia." E. Asia L. Rev. 4 (2009): 277.
Jeffery, Renée. "Amnesty and accountability: The price of peace in Aceh, Indonesia." International Journal of Transitional Justice 6, no. 1 (2012): 60-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijr027
Schroeder, Lauren E. "The rights of muslim women in the Middle East: A pathfinder." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 1 (2009): 135-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0731126500003474
Sharma, Indira. "Violence against women: Where are the solutions?." Indian journal of psychiatry 57, no. 2 (2015): 131. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.158133
Sooka, Yasmin. "Dealing with the past and transitional justice: building peace through accountability." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (2006): 311-325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383106000543
Suh, Jiwon. "Preemptive transitional justice policies in Aceh, Indonesia." Southeast Asian Studies 4, no. 1 (2015): 95-124. https://doi.org/10.20495/seas.4.1_95
Thorburn, Craig. "Building Blocks and Stumbling Blocks: Peacebuilding in Aceh, 2005–2009." Indonesia 93 (2012): 83-122.
Vagias, Michail. "The Prosecutor’s Request Concerning the Rohingya Deportation to Bangladesh: Certain Procedural Questions." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 4 (2018): 981-1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156518000481
Van Boven, Theo. "Victim-oriented perspectives: Rights and realities." In Victims of international crimes: an interdisciplinary discourse, pp. 17-27. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-912-2_2
Thesis or Dissertation
Purwanti, A., “Protection and Rehabilitation for Women Victims of Violence According to Indonesian Law”, Thesis, Diponegoro University, 2017.
Prasetyo, D.A., “Indonesia’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission as a Mechanism for Dealing with Gross Violations of Human Rights”, Dissertation. The University of Hongkong, 2006.
Legal Documents
Aceh Qanun No.17 year 2013 on Aceh TRC
Act No. 11 year 2006 on Aceh’s Government
Act No. 39 year 1999 on Human Rights
Additional Protocol 1977
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Woman (CEDAW) 1979
Customary International Humanitarian Law
Geneva Convention 1949
MoU Helsinki, 15 August 2005
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Other Documents
Public Statement, “Indonesia: Appointment of Aceh truth commission selection team a step closer to truth and reparation for victims”, Amnesty International Report, 2015.
Taqwaddin, (et.al). Sejarah Lahirnya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh, Aceh : FH-UNSYIAH, 2009.
The International Commission of Jurists, The Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Gross Human Rights Violations, Practitioners Guide No. 2 Revised Edition, 2018.
Interview
The Women’s victims: initial A, and M
The Head of Aceh TRC
The Commissioner of Aceh TRC on women’s department
The Staff of Flower Aceh Institution
The Activist of women’s rights
Website Content
Asia Justice and Rights. “Justice, Truth and Reparations for Victims of The Aceh Conflict, Ten Years On”, Last Modified August 14, 2015. https://asia-ajar.org/event/the-act-of-living-a-photo-exhibition-of-women-survivors-of-indonesias-violence-in-1965/
Asia Justice and Rights, “Press Release: First-Year Anniversary of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission”, Last Modified November 1, 2017. https://asia-ajar.org/2017/11/press-release-first-year-anniversary-aceh-trc/
Komnas Perempuan. Siaran Pers Komnas Perempuan: Catatan Komnas Perempuan 33 Tahun Ratifikasi Konvensi CEDAW di Indonesia, Last Modified November 24, 2017. https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/reads-siaran-pers-komnas-perempuan-catatan-komnas-perempuan-33-tahun-ratifikasi-konvensi-cedaw-di-indonesia
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation, International Humanity Law. Last Modified July 11, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/humanitarian-aid/international-humanitarian-law_en
IHL Database of ICRC About Customary IHL Rule 7, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org>ihl
OHCHR, “National Plans of Action for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/NHRA/Indonesia.doc
Protection and Redress for Victims of Crime and Human Rights Violations, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/training9chapter15en.pdf
Secretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia, “Penyelesaian Pelanggaran HAM Berat di Masa Lalu melalui KKR”. Last modified March 25, 2015 https://setkab.go.id/penyelesaian-pelanggaran-ham-berat-masa-lalu-melalui-kkr/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Coloniaslism”. Last modified August 29, 2017, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/
United Nations Human Rights, “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Grave Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law”. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx
United Nations Human Rights, “Women’s human rights and gender-related concerns in situations of conflict and instability”. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Women/WRGS/Pages/PeaceAndSecurity.aspx
Book
Al-Asyi, Y.A., Sejarah dan Tujuan Pemberontakan GAM Menurut Hukum International. Banda Aceh :Yayasan PeNA, 2018.
Butt, S., and Lindsey Tim, Indonesian Law, Oxford University Press. 2018
Clarke, Ross, and Galuh Wandita. "CONSIDERING VICTIMS The Aceh Peace Process from a Transitional Justice Perspective". Jakarta: International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), 2012.
Hamid, A.F., Jalan Damai Nanggroe Endatu. Jakarta :Penerbit Suara Bebas, 2006.
Krikos, L.A., and Ingold, C., Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography3th edition, London: Libraries Unlimited, 2004.
Reilly, Niamh. Women’s Human Rights, Polity Press : 2009.
Schaubman, D., Criminal Justice and Crimes against Women, in Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography 3th edition by Linda A. Krikos and Cindy Ingold, London: Libraries Unlimited, 2004.
Krikos, Linda A., Catherine R. Loeb, and Cindy Ingold. Women's studies: A recommended bibliography. Libraries unlimited, 2004.
Tania, S. Alternative Dispute Resolution, 4th ed, Pyrmont: Thomson Reuters, 2012.
Thorsten, B., and Safferling Christoph, Victims of International Crimes: An Interdisciplinary Discourse, The Hague: Asser press, 2013.
United Nations, Womens Rights are Human Rights, New York: United Nation Publication, 2014.
Wiratmadinata, An Evolving Model for Conflict Transformation And Peacebuilding in Aceh. Banda Aceh: Aceh Justice Resource Centre, 2009.
Wanyeki, L.M., (ed.), Women and Land in Africa—Culture, Religion and Realizing Women's Rights (Zed Books), 2003.
Journal Article
Abdurrahman, Ali, and Mei Susanto. "Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi di Indonesia dalam Upaya Penuntasan Pelanggaran HAM Berat di Masa Lalu." Padjadjaran Journal of Law 3, no. 3 (2016): 509-530. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3.n3.a4
Arief, Hanafi. "Legal Protection Against Women Victims by The Indonesian Domestic Violence Act 23, 2004." Sriwijaya Law Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 110-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol1.Iss1.12.pp110-121
Buchowska, Natalia. "Violated or protected. Women's rights in armed conflicts after the Second World War." International Comparative Jurisprudence 2, no. 2 (2016): 72-80.
Elisabeth, R., and Sir leaf Ellen Johnson, “Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-Building”, Progress of the World’s Women, Vol. 1, 2002.
Ford, Cristie. "Dogs and Tails: Remedies in Administrative Law." ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN CONTEXT, 2d ed.(Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 2013) (2012): 85-123.
Freeman, Marsha A. "The human rights of women under the CEDAW Convention: Complexities and opportunities of compliance." In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, vol. 91, pp. 378-383. Cambridge University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272503700066143
García-Godos, Jemima. "Victims’ rights and distributive justice: In search of actors." Human Rights Review 14, no. 3 (2013): 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-013-0272-4
Gardam, Judith. "Women, human rights and international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross Archive 38, no. 324 (1998): 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400091221
Gintis, Herbert, Carel Van Schaik, Christopher Boehm, Bernard Chapais, Jessica C. Flack, Mark Pagel, Jill D. Pruetz et al. "Zoon politikon: The evolutionary origins of human political systems." Current Anthropology 56, no. 3 (2015): 340-341.
Hayner, Priscilla B. "Fifteen Truth Commissions 1974 to 1994: A Comparative Study." Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1994): 597-655
Jasmina, B., “Accountability and National Reconciliation in South Africa”, International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 4 (2013): 55–86.
Stein, Dan J., Soraya Seedat, Debra Kaminer, Hashim Moomal, Allen Herman, John Sonnega, and David R. Williams. "The impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on psychological distress and forgiveness in South Africa." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 43, no. 6 (2008): 462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0350-0
Kadir, Aiyub, and M. Ya'kub. "Revisiting Self-determination Conflicts in Indonesia: an International Law Perspective." Indonesia Law Review 5, no. 2: 123-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v5n2.116
Kadir, M. Ya'kub Aiyub. "The Urgency of Establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Aceh: Against National Amnesia." Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 3 (2015): 495-509.
Kadir, M. Ya'kub Aiyub. "Peace Agreement Between the Government of Indonesia and Free Aceh Movement: Its Natures and Challenges." Indonesia Law Review 8, no. 2 (2018): 168-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v8n2.487
Kaminer, Debra, Dan J. Stein, Irene Mbanga, and Nompumelelo Zungu-Dirwayi. "The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa: Relation to psychiatric status and forgiveness among survivors of human rights abuses." The British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 4 (2001): 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.373
Manjoo, Rashida, and Calleigh McRaith. "Gender-based violence and justice in conflict and post-conflict areas." Cornell Int'l LJ 44 (2011): 11.
Merry, Sally Engle. "Constructing a global law-violence against women and the human rights system." Law & Social Inquiry 28, no. 4 (2003): 941-977. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2003.tb00828.x
Nannelli, Elizabeth. "Memory, records, history: the Records of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste." Archival Science 9, no. 1-2 (2009): 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-009-9103-4
Naqvi, Yasmin. "The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction?." International review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (2006): 245-273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383106000518
Patrick, B., “Justice and Reconciliation in East Timor”, Criminal Law Forum, 15 (2004): 135-158,
Phan, Hae Duy. "Reparations to Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations: The Case of Cambodia." E. Asia L. Rev. 4 (2009): 277.
Jeffery, Renée. "Amnesty and accountability: The price of peace in Aceh, Indonesia." International Journal of Transitional Justice 6, no. 1 (2012): 60-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijr027
Schroeder, Lauren E. "The rights of muslim women in the Middle East: A pathfinder." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 1 (2009): 135-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0731126500003474
Sharma, Indira. "Violence against women: Where are the solutions?." Indian journal of psychiatry 57, no. 2 (2015): 131. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.158133
Sooka, Yasmin. "Dealing with the past and transitional justice: building peace through accountability." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (2006): 311-325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383106000543
Suh, Jiwon. "Preemptive transitional justice policies in Aceh, Indonesia." Southeast Asian Studies 4, no. 1 (2015): 95-124. https://doi.org/10.20495/seas.4.1_95
Thorburn, Craig. "Building Blocks and Stumbling Blocks: Peacebuilding in Aceh, 2005–2009." Indonesia 93 (2012): 83-122.
Vagias, Michail. "The Prosecutor’s Request Concerning the Rohingya Deportation to Bangladesh: Certain Procedural Questions." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 4 (2018): 981-1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156518000481
Van Boven, Theo. "Victim-oriented perspectives: Rights and realities." In Victims of international crimes: an interdisciplinary discourse, pp. 17-27. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-912-2_2
Thesis or Dissertation
Purwanti, A., “Protection and Rehabilitation for Women Victims of Violence According to Indonesian Law”, Thesis, Diponegoro University, 2017.
Prasetyo, D.A., “Indonesia’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission as a Mechanism for Dealing with Gross Violations of Human Rights”, Dissertation. The University of Hongkong, 2006.
Legal Documents
Aceh Qanun No.17 year 2013 on Aceh TRC
Act No. 11 year 2006 on Aceh’s Government
Act No. 39 year 1999 on Human Rights
Additional Protocol 1977
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Woman (CEDAW) 1979
Customary International Humanitarian Law
Geneva Convention 1949
MoU Helsinki, 15 August 2005
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Other Documents
Public Statement, “Indonesia: Appointment of Aceh truth commission selection team a step closer to truth and reparation for victims”, Amnesty International Report, 2015.
Taqwaddin, (et.al). Sejarah Lahirnya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh, Aceh : FH-UNSYIAH, 2009.
The International Commission of Jurists, The Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Gross Human Rights Violations, Practitioners Guide No. 2 Revised Edition, 2018.
Interview
The Women’s victims: initial A, and M
The Head of Aceh TRC
The Commissioner of Aceh TRC on women’s department
The Staff of Flower Aceh Institution
The Activist of women’s rights
Website Content
Asia Justice and Rights. “Justice, Truth and Reparations for Victims of The Aceh Conflict, Ten Years On”, Last Modified August 14, 2015. https://asia-ajar.org/event/the-act-of-living-a-photo-exhibition-of-women-survivors-of-indonesias-violence-in-1965/
Asia Justice and Rights, “Press Release: First-Year Anniversary of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission”, Last Modified November 1, 2017. https://asia-ajar.org/2017/11/press-release-first-year-anniversary-aceh-trc/
Komnas Perempuan. Siaran Pers Komnas Perempuan: Catatan Komnas Perempuan 33 Tahun Ratifikasi Konvensi CEDAW di Indonesia, Last Modified November 24, 2017. https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/reads-siaran-pers-komnas-perempuan-catatan-komnas-perempuan-33-tahun-ratifikasi-konvensi-cedaw-di-indonesia
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation, International Humanity Law. Last Modified July 11, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/humanitarian-aid/international-humanitarian-law_en
IHL Database of ICRC About Customary IHL Rule 7, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org>ihl
OHCHR, “National Plans of Action for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/NHRA/Indonesia.doc
Protection and Redress for Victims of Crime and Human Rights Violations, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/training9chapter15en.pdf
Secretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia, “Penyelesaian Pelanggaran HAM Berat di Masa Lalu melalui KKR”. Last modified March 25, 2015 https://setkab.go.id/penyelesaian-pelanggaran-ham-berat-masa-lalu-melalui-kkr/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Coloniaslism”. Last modified August 29, 2017, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/
United Nations Human Rights, “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Grave Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law”. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx
United Nations Human Rights, “Women’s human rights and gender-related concerns in situations of conflict and instability”. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Women/WRGS/Pages/PeaceAndSecurity.aspx
Published
2020-01-31
How to Cite
AIYUB KADIR, M.Yakub; FIRMANILA, Firmanila.
Reparating Women’s Rights Violation Within Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 21-38, jan. 2020.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/54090>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i01.p02.
Section
Articles
