Psycho-Cultural Perspective on the Formation of Entrepreneurial Culture of Minangkabau Tribe in West Sumatra Indonesia
Abstract
This paper aims to examine and to discuss how entrepreneurial culture is formed from perceived values, cultural dimension, kinship system and informal cultural based entrepreneurial learning of a society. As the context of the research, it uses the Minangkabau tribe, which enjoys supportive social supports and where the culture of entrepreneurship is naturally accepted by the most of the tribe members as a part of their way of life. This paper considers and argues that perceived value, cultural dimension, kinship system and ‘merantau’ – an informal cultural based entrepreneurial learning of the tribe have brought direct and/or indirect positive impact to the creation of an entrepreneurial culture within the tribe. As the basis, a qualitative approach and analysis in terms of descriptive-reflexive observatory method is used to analyse the topic, which is further narratively and descriptively presented. Results of paper have shown the possible model of how perceived value, cultural dimension, kinship system and informal cultural based entrepreneurial learning can perform an entrepreneurial culture of a society, in which it is considered as the significant contribution in the research related to the culture and entrepreneurship.
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References
Book
Aldrich, Howard E. and Martha Angelia. Martinez, Many are Called, but Few are Chosen: An Evolutionary Perspective for the Study of Entrepreneurship, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 2001.
Bjerke, Bjorn and Hultman, Claes. Entrepreneurial Marketing: The Growth of Small Firms in the New Economic Era, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002.
Carter, Sara and Jones-Evans,Dylan. Enterprise and Small Business: Principles, Practice and Policy 3, Harlow: Pearson Education, 2008
Bosma, Niels, and Harding, Rebecca. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2006 Summary Report, London, UK: London Business School & Babson College, 2007.
Elfindri, Desri Ayunda and Wiko Saputra. Minang Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: Baduose Media, 2010.
Hofstede, Gert. Culture Consequences, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980.
Kelley, Donna J., Slavica Singer andMike Herrington. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 Global Report. Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo and Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, 2012.
Pelly, Usman. Urbanisasi dan Adaptasi; Peranan Misi Budaya Minangkabau dan Mandailing, Jakarta, LP3ES, 1994.
Statistics Indonesia, Sumatera Barat dalam Angka [West Sumatra in Numbers], Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia-West Sumatra Province, Padang: Indonesia, 2017.
Vernon-Wortzel, Heidi, and Wortzel, Lawrence H. Strategic Management in a Global Economy. New York: John Wiley, 1997.
Verheul, Ingrid., Sanders Wennekers, David. Audretsch andRoy Thurik, An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Policies, Institutions and Culture., Zoetermeer,The Netherlands:EIM Business and Policy Research, 2001.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Dantas, José Guilherme Leitão, Antonio Carrizo Moreira, and Fernando Valente. “Entrepreneurship and National Culture: How Cultural Differences among Countries Explain Entrepreneurial Activity”.In Handbook of Research on Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Innovation in the Global Economy, edited by L.C. Carvalho, 1-28. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2015.
Tanner, Nancy. “Disputing and Dispute Settlement among Minangkabau of Indonesia.” Foreign Area Program and a Southeast Asia Grant-in-Aid. Berkeley: University of California, 1963.
Journal Article
Ajekwe, Clement C.M. “Effect of Culture on Entrepreneurship in Nigeria” International Journal of Business and Management Invention 6, no 2, (2017): 1-6
Doepke, Mathias and Fabrizio Zilliboti.“Culture, Entrepreneurship and Growth”, Working Paper 191.41. Cambridge, MA.: NBER Working Paper Series ( 2013)
Fernández-Serrano, Jose, andFrancisco Liñán. “Culture & Entrepreneurship: the Case of Latin America.” Innovar - Edición Especial2014, no 24, (2014):169-180.
Grace, John and Peter Smith. “The Importance of Culture in Entrepreneurship.”Culture and Entrepreneurship Series, no 16, (2016): 1-7.
Gupta, Vipin, Ian C., Macmillan and Gita Surie. “Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing and Measuring a Cross Cultural Construct.” Journal of Business Venturing 19, no 2 (2004): 241-260.
Hastuti, Primajati Candra, Armanu Thoyib, Eka Afnan Troena, andMargono Setiawan. “The Minang Entrepreneur Characteristic.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015): 819 – 826.
Hayton, James, C.,Gerard George and Shaker A. Zahra, “National Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Review of Behavioural Research.”Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26, no 4 (2002): 33-52.
Huggins, Robert, Piers Thompson, andMartin Obschonka. “Human Behaviour and Economic Growth: A Psychocultural Perspective on Local and Regional Development.” Environment and Planning A 50, no 6, (2018): 1269-1289
Mangundjaya, Wustari L.H. “Is There Cultural Change in the National Culture Of Indonesia?” Paper Presented at International Conference on Association of Cross Cultural Psychology (IACCP), Melbourne, Australia, (2001).
Marques, Helena. “The routineness of tasks, gender and culture in entrepreneurship.”Socio-Economic Review 15, no 4 (2017): 815-851
Morris, Michael H., Davis, Duane L., & Allen, Jeffrey W. “Fostering Corporate Entrepreneurship: Cross Cultural Comparison of the Importance of Individualism versus Collectivism.”Journal of International Business Studies 29 (1994): 85-99.
Morrison, Alison,“Entrepreneurship: What Triggers It?” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 6, no. 2 (2000): 59-71.
Noorderhaven, Niels G. and Anne-Wil K. Harzing, “The Country of Origin Effect in Multinational Corporations: Sources, Mechanisms and Moderating Conditions.”Management International Review 43, no. 2 (2003): 47-66.
Noorderhaven, Niels G., Carla I Koen and Sjoerd Beugelsdijk. “Organizational Culture and Network Embeddedness.”Tilburg University Discussion Paper, 91, (2002).
Pollnac, Richard B. and John J. Poggies “Psychocultural Adaptation and Development Policy for Small-scale Fishermen's Cooperatives in Ecuador.” Human Organization 50, no. 1(1991): 43-49.
Rahman, Hafiz. ‘Merantau – An Informal Entrepreneurial Learning Pattern in the Culture of Minangkabau Tribe in Indonesia.”DeReMa Jurnal Manajemen 11, no. 1 (2016): 15-34.
Rahman, Hafiz, andJohn Day. “Involving the Entrepreneurial Role Model: A Possible Development for Entrepreneurship Education.”Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 17, no. 2 (2014): 163-171
Rahman, Hafiz and John Day. “Who is Your Role Model? The Relationship between Role Models and Students Entrepreneurial Motivation.” Paper presented at International Council for Small Business (ICSB) 2012 - World Conference, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
Samad, Duski. “Tradisionalisme Islam di Minangkabau: Dinamika, Perubahan dan Kontinuitasnya.” Tajdid: Jurnal Nasional Ilmu-ilmu Ushuluddin 6, no. 2 (2003)
Samit, Morris. “Cultural Effects on Entrepreneurial Decision Making: Why Every Society can’t be Entrepreneurial.” Paper Presented at AIB-SE (USA) Annual Meeting, Charleston, SC, (2005).
Shane, Scott, Sankaran Venkataraman, and Ian MacMillan. ”Cultural Differences in Innovation Championing Strategies.” Journal of Management 21,no. 50, (1995): 931-953.
Stark, Alexander. “The Matrilineal System of the Minangkabau and its Persistence Throughout History: A Structural Perspective.” Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal 13 (2013): 1-13
Tungkagi, Donald Qomaidiansyah. “Varian Islam Nusantara: Jawa, Minangkabau dan Gorontalo.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 15, no. 2 (2017): 273-294
Watson, Kathryn, Sandra Hogarth-Scott, and Nicholas Wilson. “Small Business Starts-Up: Success Factors and Support Implications.”International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 4, no. 3 (1998): 217-238.
Wennekers, Sanders, Lorraine M. Uhlaner and Roy Thurik. “Entrepreneurship and Its Conditions: A Macro Perspective.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 1, no. 1 (2002): 25-68.
Legal Documents
Regulation of West Sumatra Province No. 16 Year 2008 concerning Communal Land and its Utilization
Regulation of West Sumatra Province No. 3 Year 2016 concerning Development and Empowerment of the People's Market
Regulation of the Governor of West Sumatra No. 21 Year 2012 concerning Guidance and Procedures of The Utilization of Communial Land for Investment
Regulation of the Governor of West Sumatra No. 57 Year 2017 concerning Description of the Main Duties and Functions of the Service of Cooperatives, Small And Medium Businesses, West Sumatera Province
Website Content
Hofstede, Gert “National Culture of Indonesia.” http://geert-hofstede.com/indonesia.html
The West Sumatra Provincial Government Planning Board. “Data Pembangunan Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Elemen: UKM.” http://sdp2d.sumbarprov.go.id/data_profil/html2print/107/0/2/2012-2016
Thesis or Dissertation
Murad, Auda. “Merantau: Aspects of Outmigration of the Minangkabau people, Master Thesis, Department of Demography, Australian National University Canberra, 1978.
Naim, Muchtar, “Merantau.” Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1984.
Rahman, Hafiz. “The Influence of the Entrepreneurial Role Model on Entrepreneurial Motivation (A Study of Indonesian Undergraduate Students at the Faculty of Economics of Andalas University in Padang - Indonesia).” Dissertation, The Business School, Huddersfield: University of Huddersfield, 2013.
Aldrich, Howard E. and Martha Angelia. Martinez, Many are Called, but Few are Chosen: An Evolutionary Perspective for the Study of Entrepreneurship, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 2001.
Bjerke, Bjorn and Hultman, Claes. Entrepreneurial Marketing: The Growth of Small Firms in the New Economic Era, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002.
Carter, Sara and Jones-Evans,Dylan. Enterprise and Small Business: Principles, Practice and Policy 3, Harlow: Pearson Education, 2008
Bosma, Niels, and Harding, Rebecca. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2006 Summary Report, London, UK: London Business School & Babson College, 2007.
Elfindri, Desri Ayunda and Wiko Saputra. Minang Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: Baduose Media, 2010.
Hofstede, Gert. Culture Consequences, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980.
Kelley, Donna J., Slavica Singer andMike Herrington. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 Global Report. Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo and Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, 2012.
Pelly, Usman. Urbanisasi dan Adaptasi; Peranan Misi Budaya Minangkabau dan Mandailing, Jakarta, LP3ES, 1994.
Statistics Indonesia, Sumatera Barat dalam Angka [West Sumatra in Numbers], Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia-West Sumatra Province, Padang: Indonesia, 2017.
Vernon-Wortzel, Heidi, and Wortzel, Lawrence H. Strategic Management in a Global Economy. New York: John Wiley, 1997.
Verheul, Ingrid., Sanders Wennekers, David. Audretsch andRoy Thurik, An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Policies, Institutions and Culture., Zoetermeer,The Netherlands:EIM Business and Policy Research, 2001.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Dantas, José Guilherme Leitão, Antonio Carrizo Moreira, and Fernando Valente. “Entrepreneurship and National Culture: How Cultural Differences among Countries Explain Entrepreneurial Activity”.In Handbook of Research on Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Innovation in the Global Economy, edited by L.C. Carvalho, 1-28. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2015.
Tanner, Nancy. “Disputing and Dispute Settlement among Minangkabau of Indonesia.” Foreign Area Program and a Southeast Asia Grant-in-Aid. Berkeley: University of California, 1963.
Journal Article
Ajekwe, Clement C.M. “Effect of Culture on Entrepreneurship in Nigeria” International Journal of Business and Management Invention 6, no 2, (2017): 1-6
Doepke, Mathias and Fabrizio Zilliboti.“Culture, Entrepreneurship and Growth”, Working Paper 191.41. Cambridge, MA.: NBER Working Paper Series ( 2013)
Fernández-Serrano, Jose, andFrancisco Liñán. “Culture & Entrepreneurship: the Case of Latin America.” Innovar - Edición Especial2014, no 24, (2014):169-180.
Grace, John and Peter Smith. “The Importance of Culture in Entrepreneurship.”Culture and Entrepreneurship Series, no 16, (2016): 1-7.
Gupta, Vipin, Ian C., Macmillan and Gita Surie. “Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing and Measuring a Cross Cultural Construct.” Journal of Business Venturing 19, no 2 (2004): 241-260.
Hastuti, Primajati Candra, Armanu Thoyib, Eka Afnan Troena, andMargono Setiawan. “The Minang Entrepreneur Characteristic.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015): 819 – 826.
Hayton, James, C.,Gerard George and Shaker A. Zahra, “National Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Review of Behavioural Research.”Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26, no 4 (2002): 33-52.
Huggins, Robert, Piers Thompson, andMartin Obschonka. “Human Behaviour and Economic Growth: A Psychocultural Perspective on Local and Regional Development.” Environment and Planning A 50, no 6, (2018): 1269-1289
Mangundjaya, Wustari L.H. “Is There Cultural Change in the National Culture Of Indonesia?” Paper Presented at International Conference on Association of Cross Cultural Psychology (IACCP), Melbourne, Australia, (2001).
Marques, Helena. “The routineness of tasks, gender and culture in entrepreneurship.”Socio-Economic Review 15, no 4 (2017): 815-851
Morris, Michael H., Davis, Duane L., & Allen, Jeffrey W. “Fostering Corporate Entrepreneurship: Cross Cultural Comparison of the Importance of Individualism versus Collectivism.”Journal of International Business Studies 29 (1994): 85-99.
Morrison, Alison,“Entrepreneurship: What Triggers It?” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 6, no. 2 (2000): 59-71.
Noorderhaven, Niels G. and Anne-Wil K. Harzing, “The Country of Origin Effect in Multinational Corporations: Sources, Mechanisms and Moderating Conditions.”Management International Review 43, no. 2 (2003): 47-66.
Noorderhaven, Niels G., Carla I Koen and Sjoerd Beugelsdijk. “Organizational Culture and Network Embeddedness.”Tilburg University Discussion Paper, 91, (2002).
Pollnac, Richard B. and John J. Poggies “Psychocultural Adaptation and Development Policy for Small-scale Fishermen's Cooperatives in Ecuador.” Human Organization 50, no. 1(1991): 43-49.
Rahman, Hafiz. ‘Merantau – An Informal Entrepreneurial Learning Pattern in the Culture of Minangkabau Tribe in Indonesia.”DeReMa Jurnal Manajemen 11, no. 1 (2016): 15-34.
Rahman, Hafiz, andJohn Day. “Involving the Entrepreneurial Role Model: A Possible Development for Entrepreneurship Education.”Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 17, no. 2 (2014): 163-171
Rahman, Hafiz and John Day. “Who is Your Role Model? The Relationship between Role Models and Students Entrepreneurial Motivation.” Paper presented at International Council for Small Business (ICSB) 2012 - World Conference, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
Samad, Duski. “Tradisionalisme Islam di Minangkabau: Dinamika, Perubahan dan Kontinuitasnya.” Tajdid: Jurnal Nasional Ilmu-ilmu Ushuluddin 6, no. 2 (2003)
Samit, Morris. “Cultural Effects on Entrepreneurial Decision Making: Why Every Society can’t be Entrepreneurial.” Paper Presented at AIB-SE (USA) Annual Meeting, Charleston, SC, (2005).
Shane, Scott, Sankaran Venkataraman, and Ian MacMillan. ”Cultural Differences in Innovation Championing Strategies.” Journal of Management 21,no. 50, (1995): 931-953.
Stark, Alexander. “The Matrilineal System of the Minangkabau and its Persistence Throughout History: A Structural Perspective.” Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal 13 (2013): 1-13
Tungkagi, Donald Qomaidiansyah. “Varian Islam Nusantara: Jawa, Minangkabau dan Gorontalo.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 15, no. 2 (2017): 273-294
Watson, Kathryn, Sandra Hogarth-Scott, and Nicholas Wilson. “Small Business Starts-Up: Success Factors and Support Implications.”International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 4, no. 3 (1998): 217-238.
Wennekers, Sanders, Lorraine M. Uhlaner and Roy Thurik. “Entrepreneurship and Its Conditions: A Macro Perspective.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 1, no. 1 (2002): 25-68.
Legal Documents
Regulation of West Sumatra Province No. 16 Year 2008 concerning Communal Land and its Utilization
Regulation of West Sumatra Province No. 3 Year 2016 concerning Development and Empowerment of the People's Market
Regulation of the Governor of West Sumatra No. 21 Year 2012 concerning Guidance and Procedures of The Utilization of Communial Land for Investment
Regulation of the Governor of West Sumatra No. 57 Year 2017 concerning Description of the Main Duties and Functions of the Service of Cooperatives, Small And Medium Businesses, West Sumatera Province
Website Content
Hofstede, Gert “National Culture of Indonesia.” http://geert-hofstede.com/indonesia.html
The West Sumatra Provincial Government Planning Board. “Data Pembangunan Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Elemen: UKM.” http://sdp2d.sumbarprov.go.id/data_profil/html2print/107/0/2/2012-2016
Thesis or Dissertation
Murad, Auda. “Merantau: Aspects of Outmigration of the Minangkabau people, Master Thesis, Department of Demography, Australian National University Canberra, 1978.
Naim, Muchtar, “Merantau.” Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1984.
Rahman, Hafiz. “The Influence of the Entrepreneurial Role Model on Entrepreneurial Motivation (A Study of Indonesian Undergraduate Students at the Faculty of Economics of Andalas University in Padang - Indonesia).” Dissertation, The Business School, Huddersfield: University of Huddersfield, 2013.
Published
2019-01-31
How to Cite
RAHMAN, Hafiz; OKTAVIA, Sri; BESRA, Eri.
Psycho-Cultural Perspective on the Formation of Entrepreneurial Culture of Minangkabau Tribe in West Sumatra Indonesia.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 53-77, jan. 2019.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/42711>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2019.v03.i01.p03.
Section
Articles
