Knitting the Future Story of Indian Women: Preventing Violence, Fostering Development, and Accelerating Empowerment
Abstract
A number of cases of women’s exploitation in India reflects serious problem in viewing and treating women. This article highlights the issues of women in India that are aimed to describe the violence against women in India that degrades their dignity as a human being, to analyze both conceptual and practical aspects of women, particularly with regards to their role in development and also to discuss the need for accelerating the empowerment of women in India. Some concepts such as the three classical approaches on the relationship between women and development are discussed in this writing. Besides this it also analyzes the present situation faced by Indian women that can potentially become obstacles for their development. In addition, this paper looks at some legal instruments and cases that relates to the legal protection of women in India. It is as a research in the field of Sociology that will be enriched by legal, cultural and economic approaches. It will also highlight about the dreams on the better situation for women in India that are expected to become true and will also encourage women in India to involve in any efforts to knit their future story.
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References
BOOK
Atal, Yogesh, ed. Sociology and Social Anthropology in India. New Delhi: Dorling Kinderley-Pearson Education, 2009.
Bhattacharyya, Arundhati. Sexual Harassment in the Indian Bureaucracy: violation of Human Rights. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2016
Fernandes, Leela, ed. Routledge handbook of gender in South Asia. London-New
York-Routledge, 2014
Hanne, Addison. Feminist economics. WFS Publishing. 2015
Sarkar, Siuli. Gender disparity In India: Unheard Whimpers. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2016.
JOURNAL
Bayeh, Endalcachew. “The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia.” Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013
Chaudhuri, Maitrayee. “Learning through teaching the’sociology of gender’.” Bulletin (Centre for Women’s development Studies) 9, no. 2 (2002): 245-261. https://doi. org/10.1177/097152150200900208
Mangoli, R. N., and Ganapati N. Tarase. “Crime against women in India: A statistical review.” International journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory 2, no. 2 (2009). https://ijcst.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/ijcst/article/view/23401
Narzary, Pralip Kumar, and Shilpi Mishra Sharma. “Daughter preference and contraceptive-use in matrilineal tribal societies in Meghalaya, India.” journal of health, population, and nutrition 31, no. 2 (2013): 278. https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3702350/
Poonia, Malvika. “Reinvestigating the Chipko movement of 1973.” International journal of environmental Sciences 6, no. 5 (2016): 837-845. https://doi.org/10.6088/ ijes.6078
Sankalp, Gaurav, and Shalini Agrawal. “Change in behavior pattern of Indian married women.” International journal of Sociology and Anthropology 5, no. 5 (2013): 147-
152. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJSA12.012
Yokozeki, Yumiko. “Gender in Education and Development”. journal of Interna- tional Cooperation in education 1, No.1 (1998): 45-63. http://home.hiroshima-u. ac.jp/cice/wp-content/uploads/publications/Journal1-1/1-1-5.pdf
LEGAL DOCUMENT
The Constitution of India
National Commission for Women Act No. 20 of 1990
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of India, 2005
Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013
Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations. “Agreed conclusions 1997/2 on Mainstreaming A Gender Perspective into All Policies and Programmes in the United Nations System”. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-second Session. Supplement No. 3 (A/52/3/ Rev.1). http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/ECOSOCAC1997.2.PDF
United Nations. 2015. The World’s Women 2015: Trends and Statistics. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division. Sales No. E.15.XVII.8
United Nations Millennium Project 2005. “Taking Action: Achieving Gender Equality and Empowering Women.” Task Force on Education and Gender Equality. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/aplaws/publication/en/publications/ poverty-reduction/poverty-website/taking-action-achieving-gender-equality- and-empowering-women/Taking%20Action-%20Achieving%20Gender%20 Equality%20and%20Empowering%20Women.pdf
United Nations. 2 June 1987. “Report of the Secretary General of the United Nations, A/42/273, strengthening the Work of the United Nations in Integrating Women Effectively in Economic Development Programmes and Activities.” http://re- pository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/151515/A_42_273%3bE_1987_74- EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
United Nations. 22 September 1995. “Report of the Secretary General to the General Assembly of the United Nations (A/50/399), Effective Mobilization and Integration of Women in Development: Gender Issues in Macroeconomic Policy-making and Development Planning”. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/ a50-399.htm
United Nations. 2012. “Women The Future Women Want: A Vision of Sustainable Development for All”. http://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/ unwomen707.pdf
OTHER DOCUMENT
Asian Development Bank. 2011. “Gender Mainstreaming, Case Studies: India”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29934/gender-main- streaming-case-studies-india.pdf
Mittal, Gita. “Gender Equality: Contributions of Delhi High Court, in SMT”. Nomita Aggarwal (Comp), All India Meeting of Chief Justices of High Courts on Women Empowerment Vis-A-Vis Legislation and Judicial Decisions, National Commis- sion for Women, New Delhi, 11 December 2004.http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/ All%20India%20Meeting%20of%20chief%20Justice.pdf
“Crime Against Women (Indian National Crime Records Bureau)”. http://ncrb.nic. in/StatPublications/CII/CII2015/chapters/Chapter%205-15.11.16.pdf
Guidelines. “Swadhar Greh: Scheme that Caters to Primary Needs of Women in Difficult Circumstances (2015)”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/ Guidelines7815_2.pdf
http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/A_Study_on_Impact_Of_SH_At_Work_Place_In_Maha- rashtra.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. “Compre- hensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial Sexual Exploitation”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Ujjawala%20New%20Scheme.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. “Women Empowerment Schemes”. http://wcd.nic.in/schemes-listing/2405
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. May 2016. “Draft National Policy for Women 2016, Articulating a Vision for Empowerment of Women”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/draft%20national%20poli- cy%20for%20women%202016_0.pdf
Samita. April 2000. “Toward a Feminist Politics? The Indian Women’s Movement in Historical Perspective, Policy Research Report on Gender and Development”. Working Paper Series No. 9, The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. http://unpan1. un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan051009.pdf
Quincy, Elvis. “Gender and Development Principles and Their Criticism”. https:// www.academia.edu/11708039/GENDER_AND_DEVELOPMENT_PRINCIPLES_ AND_THEIR_CRITICISMS?auto=download
“Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Targets, CSS, Interventions, Nodal and other Ministries (As on 08.06.2016)”. http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/ SDGsV20-Mapping080616-DG_0.pdf
United Nations Development Programme. 2008. “Good Practices in Gender Main- streaming Case Studies from India”. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/ docs/good_practices_in_gender_mainstreaming.pdf
World Bank. “India Cotton and Textile Industries: Reforming to Compete”. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. 2000
Yugantar Education Society, Civil Lines. 2004. “A Research Study on the Nature, Incidence, Extent and Impact of Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place in the State of Maharashtra Research Study”. Report Submitted to Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Government of India
CASE LAW
Danial Latifi Vs. Union of India (Supreme Court). 2001
Govt. of A.P. v. P.B. Vijayakumar, (1995) 4 SCC 520
Vishaka and others Vs. State of Rajasthan and others (AIR 1997 SUPREME COURT 3011) J.S. Verma C.J.I., Mrs. Sujata V. Manohar and B.N. Kirpal. j.j
WEBSITE CONTENT/INTERNET
“10 of the Most Dangerous Countries to be A Woman”. https://www.theneweconomy. com/insight/10-of-the-most-dangerous-countries-to-be-a-woman
“Acid Attack: Indian Court Sentences to Death for Murder after Marriage Proposal Rejected”. 9 September 2016, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-09/ acid-attack-indian-court-sentences-man-to-death-for-murder/7828180
Banda, Fareda. “Women, Human Rights and Development”. http://www.ohchr.org/ Documents/Issues/Development/RTDBook/PartIIChapter11.pdf
Bhasin, Usha. “India’s experience with Mainstreaming Gender in Development and Business Models”. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ CI/CI/pdf/Events/gfmg_usha_bhasin.pdf
“Best and Worst Things that Happened to Women in 2014,” https://www.jaagore. com/power-of-49/best-and-worst-things-that-happened-to-women-in- 2014
Gandhi, Maneka Sanjay. “Restoring An EqualOpportunity In All Sphere of Life”. http://www.womanachiever.in/restoring.php
http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/CEDAW%20The%20Reservations%20And%20Op- tional%20Protocol.pdf
http://nhrc.nic.in/documents/india_ratification_status.pdfDeclarations
http://www.5wwc.org/conference_background/1975_WCW.html
http://www.manndeshibank.com/Bank_About%20Us.html http://www.sewa.org/About_Us.asp
http://www.sewa.org/Services_Bank.asp
http://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=001002993100
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm
Human Rights Watch. “Treated Worse than Animals: Abuses against Women and Girls with Psychosocial or Intellectual Disabilities in India”. https://www. hrw.org/report/2014/12/03/treated-worse-animals/abuses-against-wom- en-and-girls-psychosocial-or-intellectual
Kolaskar, Ashok S. and Dash, Motilal (eds.). “Review on Women and Society: The Road to Change”. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/18/3/reviews/3.html
Miller, Shahrashoub Razavi Carol. “From WID to GAD: Conceptual Shifts in the Women and Development Discourse”. http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/ httpNetITFramePDF?ReadForm&parentunid=D9C3FCA78D3DB32E80256B 67005B6AB5&parentdoctype=paper&netitpath=80256B3C005BCCF9/(htt- pAuxPages)/D9C3FCA78D3DB32E80256B67005B6AB5/$file/opb1.pdf
Mosbergen, Dominique. “India’s Marital Rape Crisis Reaches ‘Tragic Proportions’”.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/india-marital-rape_ us_564d8c21e4b00b7997f9469e
“Michelle Obama to Honour Acid Attack Victim Laxmi”. http://www.thehindu.com/ news/international/world/michelle-obama-to-honour-acid-attack-victim- laxmi/article5750391.ece
Official Website. “National Commission for Women, India”. http://ncw.nic.in/frm- AboutUS.aspx
“Sociology Guide, Women’s Position in India”. http://www.sociologyguide.com/ women-and-society/womens-position-in-india.php
Swami Agnivesh, Rama Mani and Angelika Köster-Lossack. “Missing: 50 Million Indian Girls”. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/25/opinion/missing-50- million-indian-girls.html
Shah, Ghanshyam. “Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature”. http:// www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/movement-shah.pdf
“The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of India”. http://wcd.nic.in/ sites/default/files/wdvact.pdf
“The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013, Chapters I-VII.” http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/ Sexual-Harassment-at-Workplace-Act.pdf
The Times of India. “Kerala becomes 1st State in Country to Achieve 100% Pri- mary Education”. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kera- la-becomes-1st-state-in-country-to-achieve-100-primary-education/ articleshow/50540263.cms
“Violence Against Women in India: The Crimes & Their Causes”. https://www.pov- erties.org/blog/violence-against-women-in-india
“Why India Bad for Women?”. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/ why-india-bad-for-women
“Women farmers of India: A Growing Force without a Growing Voice”. https://www. worldpulse.com/fr/node/12031
“Women Welfare”. http://www.womenwelfare.org/support_women.html
Atal, Yogesh, ed. Sociology and Social Anthropology in India. New Delhi: Dorling Kinderley-Pearson Education, 2009.
Bhattacharyya, Arundhati. Sexual Harassment in the Indian Bureaucracy: violation of Human Rights. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2016
Fernandes, Leela, ed. Routledge handbook of gender in South Asia. London-New
York-Routledge, 2014
Hanne, Addison. Feminist economics. WFS Publishing. 2015
Sarkar, Siuli. Gender disparity In India: Unheard Whimpers. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2016.
JOURNAL
Bayeh, Endalcachew. “The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia.” Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013
Chaudhuri, Maitrayee. “Learning through teaching the’sociology of gender’.” Bulletin (Centre for Women’s development Studies) 9, no. 2 (2002): 245-261. https://doi. org/10.1177/097152150200900208
Mangoli, R. N., and Ganapati N. Tarase. “Crime against women in India: A statistical review.” International journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory 2, no. 2 (2009). https://ijcst.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/ijcst/article/view/23401
Narzary, Pralip Kumar, and Shilpi Mishra Sharma. “Daughter preference and contraceptive-use in matrilineal tribal societies in Meghalaya, India.” journal of health, population, and nutrition 31, no. 2 (2013): 278. https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3702350/
Poonia, Malvika. “Reinvestigating the Chipko movement of 1973.” International journal of environmental Sciences 6, no. 5 (2016): 837-845. https://doi.org/10.6088/ ijes.6078
Sankalp, Gaurav, and Shalini Agrawal. “Change in behavior pattern of Indian married women.” International journal of Sociology and Anthropology 5, no. 5 (2013): 147-
152. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJSA12.012
Yokozeki, Yumiko. “Gender in Education and Development”. journal of Interna- tional Cooperation in education 1, No.1 (1998): 45-63. http://home.hiroshima-u. ac.jp/cice/wp-content/uploads/publications/Journal1-1/1-1-5.pdf
LEGAL DOCUMENT
The Constitution of India
National Commission for Women Act No. 20 of 1990
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of India, 2005
Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013
Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations. “Agreed conclusions 1997/2 on Mainstreaming A Gender Perspective into All Policies and Programmes in the United Nations System”. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-second Session. Supplement No. 3 (A/52/3/ Rev.1). http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/ECOSOCAC1997.2.PDF
United Nations. 2015. The World’s Women 2015: Trends and Statistics. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division. Sales No. E.15.XVII.8
United Nations Millennium Project 2005. “Taking Action: Achieving Gender Equality and Empowering Women.” Task Force on Education and Gender Equality. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/aplaws/publication/en/publications/ poverty-reduction/poverty-website/taking-action-achieving-gender-equality- and-empowering-women/Taking%20Action-%20Achieving%20Gender%20 Equality%20and%20Empowering%20Women.pdf
United Nations. 2 June 1987. “Report of the Secretary General of the United Nations, A/42/273, strengthening the Work of the United Nations in Integrating Women Effectively in Economic Development Programmes and Activities.” http://re- pository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/151515/A_42_273%3bE_1987_74- EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
United Nations. 22 September 1995. “Report of the Secretary General to the General Assembly of the United Nations (A/50/399), Effective Mobilization and Integration of Women in Development: Gender Issues in Macroeconomic Policy-making and Development Planning”. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/ a50-399.htm
United Nations. 2012. “Women The Future Women Want: A Vision of Sustainable Development for All”. http://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/ unwomen707.pdf
OTHER DOCUMENT
Asian Development Bank. 2011. “Gender Mainstreaming, Case Studies: India”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29934/gender-main- streaming-case-studies-india.pdf
Mittal, Gita. “Gender Equality: Contributions of Delhi High Court, in SMT”. Nomita Aggarwal (Comp), All India Meeting of Chief Justices of High Courts on Women Empowerment Vis-A-Vis Legislation and Judicial Decisions, National Commis- sion for Women, New Delhi, 11 December 2004.http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/ All%20India%20Meeting%20of%20chief%20Justice.pdf
“Crime Against Women (Indian National Crime Records Bureau)”. http://ncrb.nic. in/StatPublications/CII/CII2015/chapters/Chapter%205-15.11.16.pdf
Guidelines. “Swadhar Greh: Scheme that Caters to Primary Needs of Women in Difficult Circumstances (2015)”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/ Guidelines7815_2.pdf
http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/A_Study_on_Impact_Of_SH_At_Work_Place_In_Maha- rashtra.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. “Compre- hensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial Sexual Exploitation”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Ujjawala%20New%20Scheme.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. “Women Empowerment Schemes”. http://wcd.nic.in/schemes-listing/2405
Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India. May 2016. “Draft National Policy for Women 2016, Articulating a Vision for Empowerment of Women”. http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/draft%20national%20poli- cy%20for%20women%202016_0.pdf
Samita. April 2000. “Toward a Feminist Politics? The Indian Women’s Movement in Historical Perspective, Policy Research Report on Gender and Development”. Working Paper Series No. 9, The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. http://unpan1. un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan051009.pdf
Quincy, Elvis. “Gender and Development Principles and Their Criticism”. https:// www.academia.edu/11708039/GENDER_AND_DEVELOPMENT_PRINCIPLES_ AND_THEIR_CRITICISMS?auto=download
“Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Targets, CSS, Interventions, Nodal and other Ministries (As on 08.06.2016)”. http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/ SDGsV20-Mapping080616-DG_0.pdf
United Nations Development Programme. 2008. “Good Practices in Gender Main- streaming Case Studies from India”. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/ docs/good_practices_in_gender_mainstreaming.pdf
World Bank. “India Cotton and Textile Industries: Reforming to Compete”. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. 2000
Yugantar Education Society, Civil Lines. 2004. “A Research Study on the Nature, Incidence, Extent and Impact of Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place in the State of Maharashtra Research Study”. Report Submitted to Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Government of India
CASE LAW
Danial Latifi Vs. Union of India (Supreme Court). 2001
Govt. of A.P. v. P.B. Vijayakumar, (1995) 4 SCC 520
Vishaka and others Vs. State of Rajasthan and others (AIR 1997 SUPREME COURT 3011) J.S. Verma C.J.I., Mrs. Sujata V. Manohar and B.N. Kirpal. j.j
WEBSITE CONTENT/INTERNET
“10 of the Most Dangerous Countries to be A Woman”. https://www.theneweconomy. com/insight/10-of-the-most-dangerous-countries-to-be-a-woman
“Acid Attack: Indian Court Sentences to Death for Murder after Marriage Proposal Rejected”. 9 September 2016, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-09/ acid-attack-indian-court-sentences-man-to-death-for-murder/7828180
Banda, Fareda. “Women, Human Rights and Development”. http://www.ohchr.org/ Documents/Issues/Development/RTDBook/PartIIChapter11.pdf
Bhasin, Usha. “India’s experience with Mainstreaming Gender in Development and Business Models”. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ CI/CI/pdf/Events/gfmg_usha_bhasin.pdf
“Best and Worst Things that Happened to Women in 2014,” https://www.jaagore. com/power-of-49/best-and-worst-things-that-happened-to-women-in- 2014
Gandhi, Maneka Sanjay. “Restoring An EqualOpportunity In All Sphere of Life”. http://www.womanachiever.in/restoring.php
http://ncw.nic.in/pdfReports/CEDAW%20The%20Reservations%20And%20Op- tional%20Protocol.pdf
http://nhrc.nic.in/documents/india_ratification_status.pdfDeclarations
http://www.5wwc.org/conference_background/1975_WCW.html
http://www.manndeshibank.com/Bank_About%20Us.html http://www.sewa.org/About_Us.asp
http://www.sewa.org/Services_Bank.asp
http://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=001002993100
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm
Human Rights Watch. “Treated Worse than Animals: Abuses against Women and Girls with Psychosocial or Intellectual Disabilities in India”. https://www. hrw.org/report/2014/12/03/treated-worse-animals/abuses-against-wom- en-and-girls-psychosocial-or-intellectual
Kolaskar, Ashok S. and Dash, Motilal (eds.). “Review on Women and Society: The Road to Change”. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/18/3/reviews/3.html
Miller, Shahrashoub Razavi Carol. “From WID to GAD: Conceptual Shifts in the Women and Development Discourse”. http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/ httpNetITFramePDF?ReadForm&parentunid=D9C3FCA78D3DB32E80256B 67005B6AB5&parentdoctype=paper&netitpath=80256B3C005BCCF9/(htt- pAuxPages)/D9C3FCA78D3DB32E80256B67005B6AB5/$file/opb1.pdf
Mosbergen, Dominique. “India’s Marital Rape Crisis Reaches ‘Tragic Proportions’”.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/india-marital-rape_ us_564d8c21e4b00b7997f9469e
“Michelle Obama to Honour Acid Attack Victim Laxmi”. http://www.thehindu.com/ news/international/world/michelle-obama-to-honour-acid-attack-victim- laxmi/article5750391.ece
Official Website. “National Commission for Women, India”. http://ncw.nic.in/frm- AboutUS.aspx
“Sociology Guide, Women’s Position in India”. http://www.sociologyguide.com/ women-and-society/womens-position-in-india.php
Swami Agnivesh, Rama Mani and Angelika Köster-Lossack. “Missing: 50 Million Indian Girls”. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/25/opinion/missing-50- million-indian-girls.html
Shah, Ghanshyam. “Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature”. http:// www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/movement-shah.pdf
“The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of India”. http://wcd.nic.in/ sites/default/files/wdvact.pdf
“The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013, Chapters I-VII.” http://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/ Sexual-Harassment-at-Workplace-Act.pdf
The Times of India. “Kerala becomes 1st State in Country to Achieve 100% Pri- mary Education”. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kera- la-becomes-1st-state-in-country-to-achieve-100-primary-education/ articleshow/50540263.cms
“Violence Against Women in India: The Crimes & Their Causes”. https://www.pov- erties.org/blog/violence-against-women-in-india
“Why India Bad for Women?”. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/ why-india-bad-for-women
“Women farmers of India: A Growing Force without a Growing Voice”. https://www. worldpulse.com/fr/node/12031
“Women Welfare”. http://www.womenwelfare.org/support_women.html
Published
2017-07-31
How to Cite
RAMTEKE, Prerna S.
Knitting the Future Story of Indian Women: Preventing Violence, Fostering Development, and Accelerating Empowerment.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 98-120, july 2017.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/32149>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2017.v01.i02.p02.
Section
Articles
