Legal Frameworks and the Efficacy of a Sustainable Livelihood Program for Victims of Mount Merapi Eruption
Abstract
Subsequent to the significant volcanic catastrophe of Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 in Yogyakarta, the Indonesian government, with assistance from non-governmental organizations, commercial organizations, and international benefactors, initiated sustainable livelihood programs for the affected survivors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a collaborative approach within the sustainable livelihoods program by analyzing key initiatives and interviewing critical stakeholders and communities, focusing on its impact on the resilience of victims' livelihoods following the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. In this regard, this study aims to cross-examine the legal frameworks, achievements, community actual activities, efforts, and multiplier effects of the livelihood resilience in Cangkringan Subdistrict in order to give feedback in the future as one of the crucial elements of community capacity to mitigate upcoming eruptions as their own culture of adaptation. The social-legal study was conducted through legal analysis of legal instruments on disaster management and primary data collected from the field, such as interviews from farmers, pen breeders, and horticulture respondents, as well as from resource persons such as local authorities and representatives of the Merapi Resilience Consortium and International Organization for Migration, which were involved after the eruption between 2010-2015. Essential components of effective coordination and the allocation of resources among stakeholders and local authorities have proven instrumental in fostering livelihood resilience, despite persistent challenges such as limited access to training, networking opportunities, and essential assets.
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References
Books
Gupta, Anil Kumar, et al. Disaster Risk and Management Under Climate Change. Berlin: Springer. 2024.
Kaneko, Yuka, et al. Recovery of Disaster Victims: Results of Joint Survey in East Japan, Aceh, Sichuan, and Tacloban. Berlin: Springer, 2023..
McNamara, Karen, et al. “The Role of a Woman’s Collective in Rebuilding Livelihood After a Disaster: Case Study of Salam Village, Yogyakarta.” In Djalante, R., et al. Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Issues. Berlin: Springer. 2017.
Nolan, Beth M. and Hans Jochen Scholl. “A Commercial Cloud-Based Crisis Information Management System: How Fit and Robust Is It in Response to a Catastrophe?” In Scholl, H.J., et al. Disaster Management and Information Technology, Professional Response and Recovery Management in the Age of Disaster. Berlin: Springer. 2023.
Nunan, Fiona, et al. The Routledge Handbook on Livelihood in the Global South. Routledge: Taylor and Francis. 2023.
Nuryanti, Lusi, et al. “The Cultural-Based Model of Community Disaster Resilience in Merapi Communities in Indonesia.” In Mardiah, A.N.R., et al. Post Disaster Governance in Southeast Asia, Response, Recovery and Resilience Society. Berlin: Springer. 2022.
Shaw, Rajib. “Disaster Recovery as a Development Vehicle.” In Rajib Shaw, Editor, Disaster Recovery: Used or Misused Development Opportunity. Japan: Springer. 2014.
Wijaya, Nurrohman. et al. “Spatial Planning, Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Approach.” In Djalante, R. et al. Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Issues. Berlin: Springer.2017.
Journal Articles
Aji, Lexi Jalu, et al. “Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Destana di Desa Glagaharjo Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Wilayah Kabupaten Sleman.” Jurnal Manajemen Bencana 8, no. 1 (2022): 101-118. https://doi.org/10.33172/jmb.v8i1.1207.
Andayani, Theresia Tuti. "Dana sumbangan masyarakat untuk pembangunan ekonomi pasca bencana Merapi." Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana 2, no. 1 (2011): 41-50. https://jdpb.bnpb.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/43
Chitondo, Lufeyo, et al. “Disaster Management and Mitigation Strategies in Zambia: A Systematic Review.” World Journal of Advanced Research and Review 21, no. 3 (2024): 2403–2420. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0995.
Daly, Patrick, et al. “Rethinking Relief Reconstruction and Development: Evaluating the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Post Disaster Livelihood Aids.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 49 (2020): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101650.
Fahmi, Wikan Amirudin & Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron. “Evaluasi Kapasitas Masyarakat Tangguh Bencana di Kawasan Rawan Erupsi Merapi.” Jurnal Teknosains 13, no. 1 (2023): 62-74. https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.80157.
Ferreira, Regard, et al. “Barriers to Equitable Disaster Recovery: A Scoping Literature Review.” International Journal on Disaster Risk Reduction 110 (2024): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104628.
Goto, Erika Akemi. et al. “Do the Type of Impact and Vulnerability Dimension Matter When Assessing Natural Hazards Vulnerability?” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 98 (2023): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104069.
Gunawan. “Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan Bencana: Kasus di Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman.” Informasi 9, no. 2 (2014): 91-106. https://ejournal.poltekesos.ac.id/index.php/Sosioinforma/article/view/30/1317.
Habib, Nusrat, et al. “The Influence and Impacts of Livelihood Capitals on Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30, no. 27 (2023): 69882–69898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27638-2.
Hamdani, Fathul, et al. “Fiksi Hukum: Idealita, Realita, dan Problematikanya di Masyarakat.” Primagraha Law Review 1, no. 2 (2023): 71-83. https://doi.org/10.59605/plrev.v1i2.364.
Karki, Jeevan, et al. “From Goods to Goats: Examining Post-Disaster Livelihood Recovery in the Aftermath of the Nepal Earthquake 2015.” Natural Hazard 114, no. 3 (2022): 3787–3809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05543-0.
Kurniati, et al. “Mineralogical Properties of Pyroclastic Materials from Mount Merapi, Indonesia.” Bio Web Conference 99 (2024): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249905007.
Kusumaningrum, Lia, et al. “Local Wisdom of Merapi Slope Village in Ensuring the Availability and Sustainability of Springs in Glagaharjo Village Cangkringan District of Sleman Yogyakarta.” Journal of Global Environmental Science 2, no. 3 (2021): 32-37. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jged/article/view/56818.
Lee, Dae Wong and Da Sol Lee. “Government Disaster Relief Services and Disaster Conflict.” International Journal of Disaster and Risk Reduction 106 (2024): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104461.
Maulida, Hilda. “The Implementation of Disaster Management and Legal Protection for Disaster Relief Volunteers (Case of Central Java Province).” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1, no. 3 (2020): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i3.37091.
Muryani, Chatarina. “Community-Based Disaster Management in Indonesia.” Seminar Nasional Manajemen Bencana PSB, SHEs: Conference Series 3 no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i1.45158.
Mutiarni, Yosi S. et al. “The Resilient Community: Strengthening People-Centered Disaster Risk Reduction in the Merapi Volcano Community, Java, Indonesia.” Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042215.
Natarajan, Nithya, et al. “A Sustainable Framework for the 21st Century.” World Development 155 (2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105898.
Pradika, Maulana Istu, et al. “Peran Pemuda dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah Desa Kepuharjo, Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 24, no. 2 (2018): 261-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkn.35311.
Rahman, M.B., et al. “Community Resilience: Learning from Mt. Merapi Eruption in 2010.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016): 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.090.
Rahmawan, Ardianto Budi, et al. “A Comparative Study of Earthquake Disaster Management Laws Between USA and Indonesia.” Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Study 16, no. 1 (2024): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1582.
Rozaki, Zuhud, et al. “Exploring Agricultural Resilience in Volcano-Prone Regions: A Case Study from Mount Merapi, Indonesia.” Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 38, no. 2 (2023): 284-296. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72390.
Sari, Kanthi Pamungkas, et al. “The Re-contingencies of Merapi Eruption Disaster in Implementation of Sister Village.” Journal of Community Services and Engagement 2, no. 1 (2022): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.23917/voc.v2i1.1258.
Tiernan, Anne, et al. “A Review of Themes in Disaster Resilience Literature and International Practice Since 2012.” Policy Design and Practice 2, no. 1 (2019): 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1507240.
Tuhkanen, Heidi. “Shifting Power Through Participation in Post Disaster Recovery: A Scoping Review.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 97 (2023): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104041.
Widati, et al. “The Integration of Sister Village Function in Mount Merapi on Disaster Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, no. 2 (2021): 381-410. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.052-05.
Yusrifa, Fitria and Agus Danugroho. “Regional Resilience in Post Disaster Recovery Efforts of Merapi Eruption Based on Local Wisdom in Sleman Regency.” Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika 17, no. 2 (2022): 159-171. https://doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v17i2.2022.159-171.
Zaman, Md Ohidur and Mohammad Mojammel Hussain Raihan. “Community Resilience to Natural Disaster: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Method and Theories.” Natural Hazard Research 3, no. 3 (2023): 583-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nhres.2023.05.003.
Theses or Dissertations
Nugroho, Wisnu Adji. “Evaluasi Tingkat Efektivitas Program Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Desa Dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Limpasan Banjir Lahar Berbasis Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat: Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Cangkringan Sleman.” Master Thesis Geo-Information, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013.
Verburg, Leideke. “Donor or Partnership, Does the Concept of a Real Partnership Represent the Relief and Rehabilitation Operations during Post Natural Disaster Situation, Case Studies: Aceh Tsunami 2004 and Yogyakarta Earthquake 2006.” Thesis, Faculty of Arts Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, 2007.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia. Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights
Indonesia. Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 22 of 2008 on Disaster Relief Funding and Management.
Indonesia. Presidential Regulation No. 111 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
Indonesia. Minister of Domestic Affairs Regulation No. 46 of 2008 on Guidelines for the Organization and Working Procedures of Regional Disaster Management Agencies.
Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2008 on the Organization and Work Procedures of BNPB.
Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2012 on Resilient Villages.
Indonesia. Decree of the Head of National Disaster Management Agency No. 308 of 2024 on Disaster Management Clusters.
Indonesia. Local Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 8 of 2010 jo. No 13 of 2015 on Disaster Management.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 12 of 2016 on Guidelines for Disaster Emergency Response Command System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 39 of 2020 on Regional Disaster Management Plan Year 2018-2022.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 65 of 2023 on Regional Disaster Management Plan Year 2023-2027.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 8 of 2024 Guidance and Supervision Plan of the Implementation of Minimum Service Standards for Regency or City Regional Disaster Sub Affairs in 2024-2027.
United Nations. General Assembly Resolution 46/182 of 1991 on “Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations.”
Other Documents
Asian Development Bank. “Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific: Final Report.” (2012). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29662/addressing-climate-change-migration.pdf.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. “Merapi: Pemulihan Penghidupan Warga Pasca Letusan 2010 (Laporan Survei Longitudinal).”
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sleman. “Kecamatan Cangkringan Dalam Angka 2021. (2021).” https://slemankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/09/24/d7de0665f4329d0f80ca1f09/kecamatan-cangkringan-dalam-angka-2021.html.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sleman. ”Kecamatan Cangkringan Dalam Angka 2024” (2024). https://slemankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/af7cae87b4e78cdb6c0f0622/kecamatan-cangkringan-dalam-angka-2024.html
Department for International Development. “Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheet.” https://www2.cruzroja.es/documents/114097690/114438878/Sustainable+livelihoods+guidance+sheets.pdf/594e5ea6-99a9-2a4e-f288-cbb4ae4bea8b?t=1569512091877.
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. “Institutionalizing Post-Disaster Recovery: Learning from Mentawai Tsunami and Merapi Eruption.” https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/institutionalizing-post-disaster-recovery-learning-mentawai-tsunami-and-merapi.
Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility. “Joint Programme Document,” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/15000/imdff-dr_merapi_volcanic_eruption_livelihoods_recovery_programme.pdf.
Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility. “MPTF Office and End of Programme Narrative Report.” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/20000/final_report_unjp_imddff-dr.pdf.
Krisanti, M.W.W. et al. “Community-Based land use models for sustainable livelihoods in Merapi Volcano disaster prone areas III in Sleman Regency”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2024.
Purnomo, Nugroho Hari. “Sustainable Livelihood Strategies After Merapi Volcanic Eruption: Aspects of Sustainable Rural Development”. International Conference on Sustainable Rural Development 2013.
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. “The Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty Eradication, An Introduction.” https://commdev.org/publications/the-sustainable-livelihood-approach-to-poverty-reduction-sida/.
United Nations Development Group. “Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility for Disaster and Recovery.” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/20000/imdff-dr_merapi_final_report_2012-2013-iom.pdf.
United Nations Development Programme. “Livelihoods and Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations.” (2013). https://www.local2030.org/library/116/Livelihoods-&-Economic-Recovery-in-Crisis-Situations.pdf.
Interviews
International Organization for Migration. “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. July 18, 2024.
Joko Sumarsono (Head of Cangkringan Subdistrict). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 16, 2024.
Umi Khotimah (Coordinator of Micro Economic Empowerment of Cangkringan Subdistrict). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 17-18, 2024.
Handung Tri Rahmawan (Head of Wukirsari Village). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 16, 17 and 18, 2024.
Website Contents
Food and Agriculture Organization in Indonesia. “Merapi Villagers Embrace New Life After the Eruption. (2016)” www.fao.org/indonesia/programmes-and-projects/success-stories/merapi/en/.
Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas). “Mewujudkan Ketahanan Penanggulangan Bencana melalui Peran Indonesia Multi Donor Fund Facility for Disaster Recovery.” www.bappenas.go.id/index.php/berita/mewujudkan-ketahanan-penanggulangan-bencana-melalui-peran-indonesia-multi-donor-fund-facility-for-disaster-recovery.
Tempo.Co. “Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano Spewed Hot Clouds Twice in 24 Hours.” (2024). https://en.tempo.co/read/1917606/indonesias-mount-merapi-volcano-spewed-hot-clouds-twice-in-24-hours.
Gupta, Anil Kumar, et al. Disaster Risk and Management Under Climate Change. Berlin: Springer. 2024.
Kaneko, Yuka, et al. Recovery of Disaster Victims: Results of Joint Survey in East Japan, Aceh, Sichuan, and Tacloban. Berlin: Springer, 2023..
McNamara, Karen, et al. “The Role of a Woman’s Collective in Rebuilding Livelihood After a Disaster: Case Study of Salam Village, Yogyakarta.” In Djalante, R., et al. Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Issues. Berlin: Springer. 2017.
Nolan, Beth M. and Hans Jochen Scholl. “A Commercial Cloud-Based Crisis Information Management System: How Fit and Robust Is It in Response to a Catastrophe?” In Scholl, H.J., et al. Disaster Management and Information Technology, Professional Response and Recovery Management in the Age of Disaster. Berlin: Springer. 2023.
Nunan, Fiona, et al. The Routledge Handbook on Livelihood in the Global South. Routledge: Taylor and Francis. 2023.
Nuryanti, Lusi, et al. “The Cultural-Based Model of Community Disaster Resilience in Merapi Communities in Indonesia.” In Mardiah, A.N.R., et al. Post Disaster Governance in Southeast Asia, Response, Recovery and Resilience Society. Berlin: Springer. 2022.
Shaw, Rajib. “Disaster Recovery as a Development Vehicle.” In Rajib Shaw, Editor, Disaster Recovery: Used or Misused Development Opportunity. Japan: Springer. 2014.
Wijaya, Nurrohman. et al. “Spatial Planning, Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Approach.” In Djalante, R. et al. Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges and Issues. Berlin: Springer.2017.
Journal Articles
Aji, Lexi Jalu, et al. “Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Destana di Desa Glagaharjo Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Wilayah Kabupaten Sleman.” Jurnal Manajemen Bencana 8, no. 1 (2022): 101-118. https://doi.org/10.33172/jmb.v8i1.1207.
Andayani, Theresia Tuti. "Dana sumbangan masyarakat untuk pembangunan ekonomi pasca bencana Merapi." Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana 2, no. 1 (2011): 41-50. https://jdpb.bnpb.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/43
Chitondo, Lufeyo, et al. “Disaster Management and Mitigation Strategies in Zambia: A Systematic Review.” World Journal of Advanced Research and Review 21, no. 3 (2024): 2403–2420. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0995.
Daly, Patrick, et al. “Rethinking Relief Reconstruction and Development: Evaluating the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Post Disaster Livelihood Aids.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 49 (2020): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101650.
Fahmi, Wikan Amirudin & Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron. “Evaluasi Kapasitas Masyarakat Tangguh Bencana di Kawasan Rawan Erupsi Merapi.” Jurnal Teknosains 13, no. 1 (2023): 62-74. https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.80157.
Ferreira, Regard, et al. “Barriers to Equitable Disaster Recovery: A Scoping Literature Review.” International Journal on Disaster Risk Reduction 110 (2024): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104628.
Goto, Erika Akemi. et al. “Do the Type of Impact and Vulnerability Dimension Matter When Assessing Natural Hazards Vulnerability?” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 98 (2023): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104069.
Gunawan. “Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan Bencana: Kasus di Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman.” Informasi 9, no. 2 (2014): 91-106. https://ejournal.poltekesos.ac.id/index.php/Sosioinforma/article/view/30/1317.
Habib, Nusrat, et al. “The Influence and Impacts of Livelihood Capitals on Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30, no. 27 (2023): 69882–69898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27638-2.
Hamdani, Fathul, et al. “Fiksi Hukum: Idealita, Realita, dan Problematikanya di Masyarakat.” Primagraha Law Review 1, no. 2 (2023): 71-83. https://doi.org/10.59605/plrev.v1i2.364.
Karki, Jeevan, et al. “From Goods to Goats: Examining Post-Disaster Livelihood Recovery in the Aftermath of the Nepal Earthquake 2015.” Natural Hazard 114, no. 3 (2022): 3787–3809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05543-0.
Kurniati, et al. “Mineralogical Properties of Pyroclastic Materials from Mount Merapi, Indonesia.” Bio Web Conference 99 (2024): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249905007.
Kusumaningrum, Lia, et al. “Local Wisdom of Merapi Slope Village in Ensuring the Availability and Sustainability of Springs in Glagaharjo Village Cangkringan District of Sleman Yogyakarta.” Journal of Global Environmental Science 2, no. 3 (2021): 32-37. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jged/article/view/56818.
Lee, Dae Wong and Da Sol Lee. “Government Disaster Relief Services and Disaster Conflict.” International Journal of Disaster and Risk Reduction 106 (2024): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104461.
Maulida, Hilda. “The Implementation of Disaster Management and Legal Protection for Disaster Relief Volunteers (Case of Central Java Province).” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1, no. 3 (2020): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i3.37091.
Muryani, Chatarina. “Community-Based Disaster Management in Indonesia.” Seminar Nasional Manajemen Bencana PSB, SHEs: Conference Series 3 no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i1.45158.
Mutiarni, Yosi S. et al. “The Resilient Community: Strengthening People-Centered Disaster Risk Reduction in the Merapi Volcano Community, Java, Indonesia.” Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042215.
Natarajan, Nithya, et al. “A Sustainable Framework for the 21st Century.” World Development 155 (2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105898.
Pradika, Maulana Istu, et al. “Peran Pemuda dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah Desa Kepuharjo, Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 24, no. 2 (2018): 261-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkn.35311.
Rahman, M.B., et al. “Community Resilience: Learning from Mt. Merapi Eruption in 2010.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016): 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.090.
Rahmawan, Ardianto Budi, et al. “A Comparative Study of Earthquake Disaster Management Laws Between USA and Indonesia.” Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Study 16, no. 1 (2024): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1582.
Rozaki, Zuhud, et al. “Exploring Agricultural Resilience in Volcano-Prone Regions: A Case Study from Mount Merapi, Indonesia.” Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 38, no. 2 (2023): 284-296. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72390.
Sari, Kanthi Pamungkas, et al. “The Re-contingencies of Merapi Eruption Disaster in Implementation of Sister Village.” Journal of Community Services and Engagement 2, no. 1 (2022): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.23917/voc.v2i1.1258.
Tiernan, Anne, et al. “A Review of Themes in Disaster Resilience Literature and International Practice Since 2012.” Policy Design and Practice 2, no. 1 (2019): 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1507240.
Tuhkanen, Heidi. “Shifting Power Through Participation in Post Disaster Recovery: A Scoping Review.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 97 (2023): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104041.
Widati, et al. “The Integration of Sister Village Function in Mount Merapi on Disaster Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, no. 2 (2021): 381-410. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.052-05.
Yusrifa, Fitria and Agus Danugroho. “Regional Resilience in Post Disaster Recovery Efforts of Merapi Eruption Based on Local Wisdom in Sleman Regency.” Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika 17, no. 2 (2022): 159-171. https://doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v17i2.2022.159-171.
Zaman, Md Ohidur and Mohammad Mojammel Hussain Raihan. “Community Resilience to Natural Disaster: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Method and Theories.” Natural Hazard Research 3, no. 3 (2023): 583-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nhres.2023.05.003.
Theses or Dissertations
Nugroho, Wisnu Adji. “Evaluasi Tingkat Efektivitas Program Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Desa Dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Limpasan Banjir Lahar Berbasis Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat: Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Cangkringan Sleman.” Master Thesis Geo-Information, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013.
Verburg, Leideke. “Donor or Partnership, Does the Concept of a Real Partnership Represent the Relief and Rehabilitation Operations during Post Natural Disaster Situation, Case Studies: Aceh Tsunami 2004 and Yogyakarta Earthquake 2006.” Thesis, Faculty of Arts Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, 2007.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia. Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights
Indonesia. Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 22 of 2008 on Disaster Relief Funding and Management.
Indonesia. Presidential Regulation No. 111 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
Indonesia. Minister of Domestic Affairs Regulation No. 46 of 2008 on Guidelines for the Organization and Working Procedures of Regional Disaster Management Agencies.
Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2008 on the Organization and Work Procedures of BNPB.
Indonesia. National Disaster Management Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2012 on Resilient Villages.
Indonesia. Decree of the Head of National Disaster Management Agency No. 308 of 2024 on Disaster Management Clusters.
Indonesia. Local Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 8 of 2010 jo. No 13 of 2015 on Disaster Management.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 12 of 2016 on Guidelines for Disaster Emergency Response Command System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 39 of 2020 on Regional Disaster Management Plan Year 2018-2022.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 65 of 2023 on Regional Disaster Management Plan Year 2023-2027.
Indonesia. Governor Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 8 of 2024 Guidance and Supervision Plan of the Implementation of Minimum Service Standards for Regency or City Regional Disaster Sub Affairs in 2024-2027.
United Nations. General Assembly Resolution 46/182 of 1991 on “Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations.”
Other Documents
Asian Development Bank. “Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific: Final Report.” (2012). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29662/addressing-climate-change-migration.pdf.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. “Merapi: Pemulihan Penghidupan Warga Pasca Letusan 2010 (Laporan Survei Longitudinal).”
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sleman. “Kecamatan Cangkringan Dalam Angka 2021. (2021).” https://slemankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/09/24/d7de0665f4329d0f80ca1f09/kecamatan-cangkringan-dalam-angka-2021.html.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sleman. ”Kecamatan Cangkringan Dalam Angka 2024” (2024). https://slemankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/af7cae87b4e78cdb6c0f0622/kecamatan-cangkringan-dalam-angka-2024.html
Department for International Development. “Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheet.” https://www2.cruzroja.es/documents/114097690/114438878/Sustainable+livelihoods+guidance+sheets.pdf/594e5ea6-99a9-2a4e-f288-cbb4ae4bea8b?t=1569512091877.
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. “Institutionalizing Post-Disaster Recovery: Learning from Mentawai Tsunami and Merapi Eruption.” https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/institutionalizing-post-disaster-recovery-learning-mentawai-tsunami-and-merapi.
Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility. “Joint Programme Document,” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/15000/imdff-dr_merapi_volcanic_eruption_livelihoods_recovery_programme.pdf.
Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility. “MPTF Office and End of Programme Narrative Report.” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/20000/final_report_unjp_imddff-dr.pdf.
Krisanti, M.W.W. et al. “Community-Based land use models for sustainable livelihoods in Merapi Volcano disaster prone areas III in Sleman Regency”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2024.
Purnomo, Nugroho Hari. “Sustainable Livelihood Strategies After Merapi Volcanic Eruption: Aspects of Sustainable Rural Development”. International Conference on Sustainable Rural Development 2013.
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. “The Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty Eradication, An Introduction.” https://commdev.org/publications/the-sustainable-livelihood-approach-to-poverty-reduction-sida/.
United Nations Development Group. “Indonesia Multi-Donor Fund Facility for Disaster and Recovery.” https://mptf.undp.org/sites/default/files/documents/20000/imdff-dr_merapi_final_report_2012-2013-iom.pdf.
United Nations Development Programme. “Livelihoods and Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations.” (2013). https://www.local2030.org/library/116/Livelihoods-&-Economic-Recovery-in-Crisis-Situations.pdf.
Interviews
International Organization for Migration. “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. July 18, 2024.
Joko Sumarsono (Head of Cangkringan Subdistrict). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 16, 2024.
Umi Khotimah (Coordinator of Micro Economic Empowerment of Cangkringan Subdistrict). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 17-18, 2024.
Handung Tri Rahmawan (Head of Wukirsari Village). “Sustainable Livelihood Program in Cangkringan Subdistrict.” Interview by Heribertus Jaka Triyana. August 16, 17 and 18, 2024.
Website Contents
Food and Agriculture Organization in Indonesia. “Merapi Villagers Embrace New Life After the Eruption. (2016)” www.fao.org/indonesia/programmes-and-projects/success-stories/merapi/en/.
Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas). “Mewujudkan Ketahanan Penanggulangan Bencana melalui Peran Indonesia Multi Donor Fund Facility for Disaster Recovery.” www.bappenas.go.id/index.php/berita/mewujudkan-ketahanan-penanggulangan-bencana-melalui-peran-indonesia-multi-donor-fund-facility-for-disaster-recovery.
Tempo.Co. “Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano Spewed Hot Clouds Twice in 24 Hours.” (2024). https://en.tempo.co/read/1917606/indonesias-mount-merapi-volcano-spewed-hot-clouds-twice-in-24-hours.
Published
2025-01-30
How to Cite
TRIYANA, Heribertus Jaka; PRASETIYO, Putri Widhyastiti.
Legal Frameworks and the Efficacy of a Sustainable Livelihood Program for Victims of Mount Merapi Eruption.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 49-77, jan. 2025.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/120644>. Date accessed: 22 feb. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2021.v09.i01.p03.
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