Forming Legal Culture in Customary Forest Management: Local Wisdom Approach of Customary Law Communities
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Abstract
Customary law communities in Indonesia firmly attach to customary forests in their territory. For generations, they have preserved and managed customary forests according to customary rules, either written or unwritten, that reflect local wisdom. This article aims to analyze customary law communities' local wisdom approach in forest management to realize legal compliance that reflects legal culture. It assesses local wisdom as the essential form of legal culture in customary forest management and scrutinizes efforts to strengthen local wisdom in forest management arrangements. This article reflects a socio-legal method that explores relevant statutory regulations and their implementation in society. The research and analysis suggest that the legal culture of customary law communities takes the form of compliance in managing forests due to the local wisdom they have internalized from generation to generation. Local wisdom in various regions in Indonesia is integrated with local rules that align with the function of customary law to create social order. It has also been found that several regional governments in Indonesia have made an effort to strengthen local wisdom. The regional government's recognition of the status of customary law communities as the actors in customary forest management has legitimated the local wisdom in protecting customary forests.
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References
Book
Gilbert, Jérémie. Sovereignty, Self-Determination, and Natural Resources: Reclaiming Peoples' Rights, Natural Resources and Human Rights: An Appraisal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Kaufer, Ricardo. Forestry Politics from Below: Social Movements, Indigenous Peoples, Forestry Occupations And Eco-Solidarism. Bielefeld: Center For Interdisciplinary Reseach Unoiversity of Bielefeld Germany, 2023.
Journal Article
Abdulah, Vayka. “Perlindungan Hukum Hak-Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Hutan di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu.” Jurnal Legal Opinion 5, no. 3 (2015): 1-10.
Aditya, Zaka Firma and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. “Legal Protection of Indigenous People’s Rights Through Strengthening the Licensing Principles Based on Social Sensitivity.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 1-34. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i1.44671
Adnyani, N.K.S., G.M.W. Atmaja, and I.K. Sudantra. “Four Conditions for Recognition of Indigenous Peoples in the Constitution and State Revenue.” JILS (Indonesian Journal of Legal Sciences) 6, no. 2 (2021): 307-332. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.48044
Beckman, Ludvig, Kirsty Gover and Ulf Mörkenstam. “The Popular Sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples: Challenges in Highly Populated Countries.” Citizenship Studies 26 no. 1 (2021): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2021.2011142
Cetera, Kenny. “Keselerasan Implementasi Aturan Pengakuan Hak Masyarakat Adat untuk Mengelola Hutan terhadap Nilai-Nilai Pancasila.” Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 1, no. 2 (2021): 152-162. https://doi.org /10.52738/pjk.v1i2.39
Harly, Lalu Noval Banu. “Sustainable Forest Management from the Perspective of Customary Law in Indonesia: A Case Study in the Bayan Community.” International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 1 (2023): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.55681/ijssh.v1i1.324
Hasbiah, Astri. "Analysis of Local Wisdom As Environmental Conservation Strategy in Indonesia." Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage 1, no. 1 (2015): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v1i1.19
Hasmonel, Derita Prapti Rahayu, and Faisal. “The Urgency of Integration of Local Wisdom Related to Environmental Conservation in the Bangka Belitung Islands.” Mulawarman Law Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 115-27. https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.618
Iorsn, Chaterine J. “Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination: Challenging State Sovereignty.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 24, no. 2 (1992): 199-348.
Irianto, Sulistyowati. "Legal Education for The Future of Indonesia: A Critical Assessment," The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2021): 1-36. https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2021v1n1.1
Jayantiari, I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa., A A Gede Oka Parwata and I Gusti Ngurah Dharma Laksana. “Orientasi Kesejahteraan dalam Pengaturan Subak Sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia.” Kertha Patrika 43, no. 1(2021): 82-92. https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2021.v43.i01.p06.h.87
Kurniasari, Nendah, Christina Yuliaty, and Rismutia Hayu Deswati. "Posisi Praktek Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan Berbasis Hukum Adat dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional." Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 2 (2016): 111-122.http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v6i2.3324
Laturette, Adonia Ivonne, and Sainyakit Sri Ayu Junita. “Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat Adat Terhadap Infrastruktur Gas Blok Masela.” SASI 29, no. 1 (2023): 165-176. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i1.1294. h170
Mahyuni, Mahyuni and Topan, Muhammad. “A Forest Protection Model Based on Local Wisdom of the Kotabaru Dayak Indigenous Communities in Kalimantan Selatan Forest Conservation.” International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v3i1.36
Martin, Edwin et al. “Tunggu Tubang Ulu Ayek and Social Mechanism of Sustainable Protected Forest Managemen.” Jurnal Managemen Hutan Tropika 22, no. 2 (2016): 85-93. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.22.2.85
Mulyadi, Asep, Moh. Dede, and Millary Agung Widiawaty. “The Role Of Traditional Beliefs And Local Wisdom In Forest Conservation.” Jurnal Geografi Gea 22, no. 1 (2022): 55-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/gea.v22i1.43702
Nalle, Victor Imanuel W, “The Relevance of Socio-Legal Studies in Legal Science, “Mimbar Hukum 27, no. 1 (2015): 179-191. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15905
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konsistensi Negara Atas Doktrin Welfare State Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Oleh Masyarakat Adat.” Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan 1, no. 2 (2014): 22-49.https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v1i2.14
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konstitusionalitas Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Mengelola Hutan Adat: Fakta Empiris Legalisasi Perizinan.” Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 1 (2014): 109-129. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1116
Parera, Evelin et al. “How do the Customary Forest and Protected Forest Management Principles Affect Ambon City Protected Forest Management between the Government and Indigenous Peoples? (Case in the Mount Sirimau Protected Forest Group, Ambon City, Maluku Province).” Jurnal Pengelolaan Hutan Tropis 28, no. 3 (2023): 254-268. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.3.254
Perbawati, Candra et al. “Legal Discourse on Customary Forest Determination Progressive Law Based.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (2023): 17-30. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v17no1.2815
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. "Traditional rights of indigenous people in Indonesia: Legal Recognition and Court Interpretation." Jambe Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 177-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.1.2.177-205
Siombo, Marhaeni Ria. “Local Wisdom as Basic Material for Drafting Local Government Regulations: A Case Study of Dayak Forest Fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia.” Linguistics and Culture Review 5, no. 3 (2021): 1067-1075. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS3.1690
Sulaiman. “Legal Culture of Aceh Society in the Buying Sell Agreement.” Al Risalah 17, no. 1 (2017): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risilah.v17i01.26
Sumarni, Muhammad Ery Wijaya, and Astrid Meliasari Sugiana. “Safeguarding Indigenous Rights and Territories: Integrating Dayak Ngaju Wisdom in Peatland Ecosystem Management.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 7, no. 2 (2023): 121-140. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2023.v07.i02.p01
Sutaryantha, Md Putri Wiyantari and Bevaola Kusumasari. “Traditional Collaborative Governance: Understanding Decision-Making Processes in Traditional Villages in Bali, Indonesia.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 119–145. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p01
Swardhana, Gde Made and Suviwat Jenvitchuwong. “Participation in Customary Land Management: Developments and Challenges for the Protection of Indigenous Communities” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal Systems 3, no.2 (2023): 308-327 https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.72
Syaufina, Lailan and Eduardo Fernando Martins de Carvalho. “Perception and Activity of Community in Firewood Consumption in Dili City of Timor Leste.” Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika 11, no. 1 (2020): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.1
Wardani, Winda Indah. “How Can the Law Protect the Forest?” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 4 (2021): 527-538. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48757
Yulia and Herinawati. “Customary Law of the Forest in the North Aceh Recency.” Diponegoro Law Review 7, no. 2 (2022): 328-343. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.7.2.2022.328-343
Thesis or Dissertation
Jayantiari, I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa. “Harmonisasi Pengaturan Hak Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Atas Sumber Daya Alam Berbasis Hukum Progresif.” Doctoral Dissertation, Doctor Law Program Faculty of Law Udayana University, Bali 2019.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia. Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry.
Indonesia. Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
Indonesia. Law No. 15 of 2023 concerning the Province of Bali.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 23 of 2021 concerning Forest Management.
Indonesia. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 9 of 2021 concerning Social Forestry Management.
Interview
Sweta, I Ketut. “Protection of Customary Forests in Bayung Cerik Village.” Interview by I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa Jayantiari and I Made Suarnata, Bayung Cerik Village, June 5, 2023.
Case Law
Indonesia. Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 35/PUU-X/2012.
Website Content
Collet, Richard. “Timor Leste hidupkan kembali hukum adat untuk melestarikan lingkungan setelah merdeka dari Indonesia - 'Tak ingin jadi Bali lain'.” https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/vert-tra-57341345
Directorate General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnerships, Ministry of Environment and Forestry. “Indonesia Menjadi Role Model Ketahanan Iklim Berbasis Masyarakat.” http://pskl.menlhk.go.id/berita/623-berita-kabar-pesona-edisi-4-desember-2023.html
Widodo, Kasmita. “Pemerintah Masih Lemah Dalam Melindungi Hak Masyarakat Adat” https://brwa.or.id/news/read/561
Gilbert, Jérémie. Sovereignty, Self-Determination, and Natural Resources: Reclaiming Peoples' Rights, Natural Resources and Human Rights: An Appraisal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Kaufer, Ricardo. Forestry Politics from Below: Social Movements, Indigenous Peoples, Forestry Occupations And Eco-Solidarism. Bielefeld: Center For Interdisciplinary Reseach Unoiversity of Bielefeld Germany, 2023.
Journal Article
Abdulah, Vayka. “Perlindungan Hukum Hak-Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Hutan di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu.” Jurnal Legal Opinion 5, no. 3 (2015): 1-10.
Aditya, Zaka Firma and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. “Legal Protection of Indigenous People’s Rights Through Strengthening the Licensing Principles Based on Social Sensitivity.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 1-34. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i1.44671
Adnyani, N.K.S., G.M.W. Atmaja, and I.K. Sudantra. “Four Conditions for Recognition of Indigenous Peoples in the Constitution and State Revenue.” JILS (Indonesian Journal of Legal Sciences) 6, no. 2 (2021): 307-332. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.48044
Beckman, Ludvig, Kirsty Gover and Ulf Mörkenstam. “The Popular Sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples: Challenges in Highly Populated Countries.” Citizenship Studies 26 no. 1 (2021): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2021.2011142
Cetera, Kenny. “Keselerasan Implementasi Aturan Pengakuan Hak Masyarakat Adat untuk Mengelola Hutan terhadap Nilai-Nilai Pancasila.” Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 1, no. 2 (2021): 152-162. https://doi.org /10.52738/pjk.v1i2.39
Harly, Lalu Noval Banu. “Sustainable Forest Management from the Perspective of Customary Law in Indonesia: A Case Study in the Bayan Community.” International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 1 (2023): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.55681/ijssh.v1i1.324
Hasbiah, Astri. "Analysis of Local Wisdom As Environmental Conservation Strategy in Indonesia." Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage 1, no. 1 (2015): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v1i1.19
Hasmonel, Derita Prapti Rahayu, and Faisal. “The Urgency of Integration of Local Wisdom Related to Environmental Conservation in the Bangka Belitung Islands.” Mulawarman Law Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 115-27. https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i2.618
Iorsn, Chaterine J. “Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination: Challenging State Sovereignty.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 24, no. 2 (1992): 199-348.
Irianto, Sulistyowati. "Legal Education for The Future of Indonesia: A Critical Assessment," The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2021): 1-36. https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2021v1n1.1
Jayantiari, I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa., A A Gede Oka Parwata and I Gusti Ngurah Dharma Laksana. “Orientasi Kesejahteraan dalam Pengaturan Subak Sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia.” Kertha Patrika 43, no. 1(2021): 82-92. https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2021.v43.i01.p06.h.87
Kurniasari, Nendah, Christina Yuliaty, and Rismutia Hayu Deswati. "Posisi Praktek Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan Berbasis Hukum Adat dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional." Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, no. 2 (2016): 111-122.http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v6i2.3324
Laturette, Adonia Ivonne, and Sainyakit Sri Ayu Junita. “Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat Adat Terhadap Infrastruktur Gas Blok Masela.” SASI 29, no. 1 (2023): 165-176. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i1.1294. h170
Mahyuni, Mahyuni and Topan, Muhammad. “A Forest Protection Model Based on Local Wisdom of the Kotabaru Dayak Indigenous Communities in Kalimantan Selatan Forest Conservation.” International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v3i1.36
Martin, Edwin et al. “Tunggu Tubang Ulu Ayek and Social Mechanism of Sustainable Protected Forest Managemen.” Jurnal Managemen Hutan Tropika 22, no. 2 (2016): 85-93. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.22.2.85
Mulyadi, Asep, Moh. Dede, and Millary Agung Widiawaty. “The Role Of Traditional Beliefs And Local Wisdom In Forest Conservation.” Jurnal Geografi Gea 22, no. 1 (2022): 55-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/gea.v22i1.43702
Nalle, Victor Imanuel W, “The Relevance of Socio-Legal Studies in Legal Science, “Mimbar Hukum 27, no. 1 (2015): 179-191. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15905
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konsistensi Negara Atas Doktrin Welfare State Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Oleh Masyarakat Adat.” Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan 1, no. 2 (2014): 22-49.https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v1i2.14
Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konstitusionalitas Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Mengelola Hutan Adat: Fakta Empiris Legalisasi Perizinan.” Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 1 (2014): 109-129. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1116
Parera, Evelin et al. “How do the Customary Forest and Protected Forest Management Principles Affect Ambon City Protected Forest Management between the Government and Indigenous Peoples? (Case in the Mount Sirimau Protected Forest Group, Ambon City, Maluku Province).” Jurnal Pengelolaan Hutan Tropis 28, no. 3 (2023): 254-268. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.3.254
Perbawati, Candra et al. “Legal Discourse on Customary Forest Determination Progressive Law Based.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 1 (2023): 17-30. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v17no1.2815
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. "Traditional rights of indigenous people in Indonesia: Legal Recognition and Court Interpretation." Jambe Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 177-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.1.2.177-205
Siombo, Marhaeni Ria. “Local Wisdom as Basic Material for Drafting Local Government Regulations: A Case Study of Dayak Forest Fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia.” Linguistics and Culture Review 5, no. 3 (2021): 1067-1075. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS3.1690
Sulaiman. “Legal Culture of Aceh Society in the Buying Sell Agreement.” Al Risalah 17, no. 1 (2017): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risilah.v17i01.26
Sumarni, Muhammad Ery Wijaya, and Astrid Meliasari Sugiana. “Safeguarding Indigenous Rights and Territories: Integrating Dayak Ngaju Wisdom in Peatland Ecosystem Management.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 7, no. 2 (2023): 121-140. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2023.v07.i02.p01
Sutaryantha, Md Putri Wiyantari and Bevaola Kusumasari. “Traditional Collaborative Governance: Understanding Decision-Making Processes in Traditional Villages in Bali, Indonesia.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no. 2 (2020): 119–145. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2020.v04.i02.p01
Swardhana, Gde Made and Suviwat Jenvitchuwong. “Participation in Customary Land Management: Developments and Challenges for the Protection of Indigenous Communities” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal Systems 3, no.2 (2023): 308-327 https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.72
Syaufina, Lailan and Eduardo Fernando Martins de Carvalho. “Perception and Activity of Community in Firewood Consumption in Dili City of Timor Leste.” Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika 11, no. 1 (2020): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.1
Wardani, Winda Indah. “How Can the Law Protect the Forest?” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 4 (2021): 527-538. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48757
Yulia and Herinawati. “Customary Law of the Forest in the North Aceh Recency.” Diponegoro Law Review 7, no. 2 (2022): 328-343. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.7.2.2022.328-343
Thesis or Dissertation
Jayantiari, I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa. “Harmonisasi Pengaturan Hak Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Atas Sumber Daya Alam Berbasis Hukum Progresif.” Doctoral Dissertation, Doctor Law Program Faculty of Law Udayana University, Bali 2019.
Legal Documents
Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia. Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry.
Indonesia. Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
Indonesia. Law No. 15 of 2023 concerning the Province of Bali.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 23 of 2021 concerning Forest Management.
Indonesia. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 9 of 2021 concerning Social Forestry Management.
Interview
Sweta, I Ketut. “Protection of Customary Forests in Bayung Cerik Village.” Interview by I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa Jayantiari and I Made Suarnata, Bayung Cerik Village, June 5, 2023.
Case Law
Indonesia. Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 35/PUU-X/2012.
Website Content
Collet, Richard. “Timor Leste hidupkan kembali hukum adat untuk melestarikan lingkungan setelah merdeka dari Indonesia - 'Tak ingin jadi Bali lain'.” https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/vert-tra-57341345
Directorate General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnerships, Ministry of Environment and Forestry. “Indonesia Menjadi Role Model Ketahanan Iklim Berbasis Masyarakat.” http://pskl.menlhk.go.id/berita/623-berita-kabar-pesona-edisi-4-desember-2023.html
Widodo, Kasmita. “Pemerintah Masih Lemah Dalam Melindungi Hak Masyarakat Adat” https://brwa.or.id/news/read/561
Published
2024-01-31
How to Cite
RWA JAYANTIARI, I Gusti Agung Mas et al.
Forming Legal Culture in Customary Forest Management: Local Wisdom Approach of Customary Law Communities.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 67-82, jan. 2024.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/107948>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2024.v08.i01.p04.
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