Comprehensive and Measurable Environmental Monitoring: A Comparison of Indonesian and Danish Concepts
Abstract
Supervision is one of Indonesia's efforts to protect the environment, but its regulation still needs improvement. The reason is that the regulation does not cover broad authority for the Technical Authority, a comprehensive and measurable supervision scheme. Regulations regarding this matter significantly affect entrepreneurs' compliance levels to prevent or even increase environmental violations. Therefore, the regulation can be improved by studying it from Denmark. This study aims to provide an overview of environmental monitoring in Denmark to be used as a reference for regulatory changes in Indonesia. More comprehensive and participatory supervision regulations can significantly reduce environmental pollution and/or damage cases. This research is normative research with statutory and comparative approaches. The study suggests that several provisions in Denmark can be adopted, namely the extent of the authority of Danish Supervisory Officials starting from location, raw materials, and equipment used to product distribution and intervention against companies, stricter sanctions, and ensnare environmental violators, the authority to obtain personal information from other institutions, an excellent vertical integration system, and Supervisory Officials according to the number and background.
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References
Book
Burck, Jan et. al. Climate Change Performance Index (Ccpi) 2023 Results Monitoring Climate Mitigation Efforts of 59 Countries Plus the EU – Covering 92% of the Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Germany: Germanwatch, 2023.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2022.
Journal Article
Abdurrachman, Hamidah, Achmad Irwan Hamzani, and Joko Mariyono. "Environmental Crime and Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Some Reflections on Counterproductive Approaches." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 6 (2021): 409-416. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-210024
Ambarsari, Ningrum, and Nathalia Fieni Maria Moi. "Bantuan Luar Negeri Denmark Terhadap Restorasi Hutan Harapan Di Jambi." Moestopo Journal of International Relations 1, no. 1 (2021): 1-14.
Andang Binawan, and Maria Grasia Sari Soetopo. "Implementasi Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup yang Bersih, Sehat, dan Berkelanjutan dalam Konteks Hukum Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2022): 121-156. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v9i1.499
Ayuningtyas, Saras, Hery Nariyah, and Farida Nurfalah. "Pengaruh Pengawasan Kepala Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Terhadap Efektivitas Kegiatan Usaha Laundry Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan di Kelurahan Karya Mulya Kota Cirebon." Jurnal Ilmiah Publika 8, no. 2 (2020): 83-92. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/publika.v8i2.4187
Azzahra, Tazkia Nafs, and Yobel Manuel Oktapianus. "Menilik Peluang Penerapan Label Karbon (Carbon Labelling) Pada Kemasan Produk Makanan di Indonesia Sebagai Instrumen Pemulihan Lingkungan." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 310-338. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v8i2.439
Buns, Melina Antonia. "Making a Model: The 1974 Nordic Environmental Protection Convention and Nordic Attempts to Form International Environmental Law." Scandinavian Journal of History 48, no. 1 (2022): 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2069151
Ciptaningrum, Yurike Inna Rohmawati, Warah Atikah, and Nurul Laili Fadhilah. "Peran Serta Masyarakat Dalam Proses Penyusunan Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup." Lentera Hukum 4, no. 1 (2017): 63-80. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v4i1.4796
Dewi, Kharisma Anissa. "Kepentingan Denmark dalam Pemberian Bantuan Lingkungan Terhadap Indonesia Melalui Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP-3)." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) 2, no. 1 (2021): 51-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v2i1.23042
Hermawan, Sapto, and Winarno Budyatmodjo. "Implementasi Demokrasi Lingkungan Hidup Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Timbulan Sampah Plastik di Lautan Indonesia." Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2022): 181-206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.5.1.181-206
Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah, Birgitte Fischer-Bonde, and Gabriel Gulis. "Analysis of Health in Environmental Assessments-a Literature Review and Survey with a Focus on Denmark." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224570
Jensen, Morten Bang, Jacob Møller, and Charlotte Scheutz. "Comparison of the Organic Waste Management Systems in the Danish–German Border Region Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Waste Management 49, no. 1 (2016): 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.035
Jørgensen, Lisbeth Flindt, Karen G. Villholth, and Jens Christian Refsgaard. "Groundwater Management and Protection in Denmark: A Review of Pre-Conditions, Advances and Challenges." International Journal of Water Resources Development 33, no. 6 (2017): 868-889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1225569
Knill, Christoph, Christina Steinbacher, and Yves Steinebach. "Sustaining Statehood: A Comparative Analysis of Vertical Policy‐Process Integration in Denmark and Italy." Public Administration 99, no. 4 (2021): 758-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12705
Liefferink, Duncan, Mark Wiering, and Yukina Uitenboogaart. "The EU Water Framework Directive: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Implementation and Domestic Impact." Land Use Policy 8, no. 4 (2011): 712-722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.12.006
Lyhne, Ivar, Frank van Laerhoven, Matthew Cashmore, and Hens Runhaar. "Theorising EIA Effectiveness: A Contribution Based on the Danish System." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 62 (2017): 240-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.12.002
Maskun, Maskun, Hanim Kamaruddin, Farida Pattitingi, Hasbi Assidiq, Siti Nurhaliza Bachril, and Nurul Habaib Al Mukarramah. "Plastic Waste Management in Indonesia: Current Legal Approaches and Future Perspectives." Hasanuddin Law Review 9, no. 1 (2023): 106-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i1.3683
Michalak, Magdalena, and Przemysław Kledzik. "The Aarhus Convention and Polish Regulations Concerning Parties to Proceedings for Issuing the EIA Decisions." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 18, no. 1-2 (2021): 56-76. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-18010005
Moalem, Rikke Marie, Arne Remmen, Stig Hirsbak, and Søren Kerndrup. "Struggles over Waste: Preparing for Re-Use in the Danish Waste Sector." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 41, no. 1 (2023): 98-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221105438
Palilingan, Toar Neman, Donna Okthalia Setiabudhi, and Toar K.R. Palilingan. "Environmental Policy, Public Health and Human Rights: Assessing the Regional Regulation on Waste." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 3 (2018): 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i3.1413
Pangaribuan, Daniel Adiasto, and Harapan Tua Ricky Freddy S. "Pengawasan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Toba." Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) 3, no. 3 (2021): 241-245. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v3i3.281
Pradana, Azaria Eda, Retno Sunu Astuti, and Budi Puspo Priyadi. "Public-Private Partnership in the Framework of Waste Management into Electrical Energy in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang City." Journal of Local Government Issues 3, no. 2 (2020): 130-144. https://doi.org/10.22219/logos.v3i2.11809
Prakoso, Septyanto Galan, Nadia Dian Ardita, and Andriansyah Perdana Murtyantoro. "Analisis Diplomasi Soft Power Denmark Terhadap Indonesia (Studi Tentang Kerja Sama Pengelolaan Lingkungan Di Indonesia)." Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional 10, no. 1 (2019): 57-76. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v10i1.1317
Pratiwi, Citra Ayu. "Kerja Sama Bilateral Indonesia Denmark Dalam Circular Economy dan Manajemen Pengolahan Sampah Tahun 2018-2019." Moestopo Journal of International Relations 1, no. 2 (2021): 127-136.
Singarimbun, Lukas Andri Surya. "Analyzing the Development Cooperation between Indonesia and Denmark in Developing a Circular Economy." Journal of World Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwts.v7i1.4828
Supriyadi, Aditya Prastian. "Reduksi Hak Partisipasi Publik Pada Aturan Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Untuk Perizinan Berusaha Di Indonesia: Perspektif Green Constitution." Jurnal HAM 14, no. 1 (2023): 15-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2023.14.15-38
Tatyana, Nadira, and Achmad Ramadhandy Y. Putra. "Pemenuhan Hak Atas Akses Informasi Lingkungan Hidup dan Partisipasi Publik Terhadap Pencemaran Udara Dki Jakarta." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 372-401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v8i2.420
Wang, Zhenhua, Ning Wang, Xingqiu Hu, and Hongpeng Wang. "Threshold Efects of Environmental Regulation Types on Green Investment by Heavily Polluting Enterprises." Environmental Sciences Europe 34, no. 1 (2022): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00606-2
Wibisana, Andri Gunawan. "Tentang Ekor Yang Tak Lagi Beracun: Kritik Konseptual Atas Sanksi Administratif Dalam Hukum Lingkungan Di Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (2020): 41-71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v6i1.123
Winarni, Fajar. "Problematika Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Atas Informasi Lingkungan Hidup." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 6, no. 3 (2022): 386-409. https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v6i3.276
Thesis or Dissertation
Arum, Aditya Niken Sekar. "Reformulasi Penegakan Sanksi Administratif Terhadap Pelanggaran Lingkungan." Master's Thesis, Department of Law Sebelas Maret University, 2021.
Legal Documents
Denmark. BEK Nr 1536 Af 09/12/2019 Miljøtilsynsbekendtgørelsen (Executive Order on Danish Environmental Supervision).
Denmark. LBK Nr 282 Af 27/03/2017 Jordforureningsloven (Danish Land Pollution Act).
Denmark. LBK Nr 5 Af 03/01/2023 Miljøbeskyttelsesloven (Danish Environmental Protection Act).
Indonesia. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 6 of 2023 Concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation.
Indonesia. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 6 of 2021 Concerning Procedures and Requirements for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 Concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management.
United Nations. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Other Documents
Aamand, Jens, Nora Badawi, Peter Roll Jakobsen, Peter R. Jørgensen, Klaus Mosthaf, Lars Troldborg, and Massimo Rolle. “Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability to Pesticide Contamination through Fractured Clays Clayfrac.” https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/269111935/CLAYFRAC_report_final_978_87_7038_375_2.pdf
Ardiansyah, Feri. "Tantangan Pengawasan dan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Implementasi Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja." https://mil.pasca.undip.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/3.-Feri-Ardiansyah-15-21.pdf
Lorenzen, Jan, and Søren Poulsen. “Eco-Friendly Production of Waterborne Paint.” https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2021/05/978-87-7038-302-8.pdf
Nikfar, Shekoufeh, and Shilan Mozaffari. "European Union and Its European Commission." In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.01076-9
Sulistyaningsih, E. "Community Participation in Improving Environmental Protection and Effort Management." https://www.proquest.com/openview/da9723d35b05dfc10526e170c788a398/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=4998669
Case Law
Citizen's Lawsuit against Jakarta's Air Pollution (Citizen's v. Government), Judgment, Central Jakarta District Court Decision No. 374/Pdt.G/Lh/2019/Pn.Jkt.Pst, 2019.
Website Content
DKI Jakarta Provincial Environment Agency. "Sistem Informasi Lingkungan dan Kebersihan DKI Jakarta." https://silika.jakarta.go.id/
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. "KLHK Inginkan Denmark Bantu Pengelolaan Sampah di Lima Destinasi Super Prioritas." https://www.menlhk.go.id/site/single_post/2763/klhk-inginkan-denmark-bantu-pengelolaan-sampah-di-lima-destinasi-super-prioritas
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. "Statistik Kinerja Pengawasan Perusahaan Ditjen Gakkum." Environmental and Forestry Law Enforcement https://gakkum.menlhk.go.id/kinerja/pengawasan
Yale Center for Environmental Law Policy. "2022 EPI Results." https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi
Burck, Jan et. al. Climate Change Performance Index (Ccpi) 2023 Results Monitoring Climate Mitigation Efforts of 59 Countries Plus the EU – Covering 92% of the Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Germany: Germanwatch, 2023.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2022.
Journal Article
Abdurrachman, Hamidah, Achmad Irwan Hamzani, and Joko Mariyono. "Environmental Crime and Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Some Reflections on Counterproductive Approaches." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 6 (2021): 409-416. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-210024
Ambarsari, Ningrum, and Nathalia Fieni Maria Moi. "Bantuan Luar Negeri Denmark Terhadap Restorasi Hutan Harapan Di Jambi." Moestopo Journal of International Relations 1, no. 1 (2021): 1-14.
Andang Binawan, and Maria Grasia Sari Soetopo. "Implementasi Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup yang Bersih, Sehat, dan Berkelanjutan dalam Konteks Hukum Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2022): 121-156. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v9i1.499
Ayuningtyas, Saras, Hery Nariyah, and Farida Nurfalah. "Pengaruh Pengawasan Kepala Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Terhadap Efektivitas Kegiatan Usaha Laundry Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan di Kelurahan Karya Mulya Kota Cirebon." Jurnal Ilmiah Publika 8, no. 2 (2020): 83-92. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/publika.v8i2.4187
Azzahra, Tazkia Nafs, and Yobel Manuel Oktapianus. "Menilik Peluang Penerapan Label Karbon (Carbon Labelling) Pada Kemasan Produk Makanan di Indonesia Sebagai Instrumen Pemulihan Lingkungan." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 310-338. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v8i2.439
Buns, Melina Antonia. "Making a Model: The 1974 Nordic Environmental Protection Convention and Nordic Attempts to Form International Environmental Law." Scandinavian Journal of History 48, no. 1 (2022): 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2069151
Ciptaningrum, Yurike Inna Rohmawati, Warah Atikah, and Nurul Laili Fadhilah. "Peran Serta Masyarakat Dalam Proses Penyusunan Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup." Lentera Hukum 4, no. 1 (2017): 63-80. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v4i1.4796
Dewi, Kharisma Anissa. "Kepentingan Denmark dalam Pemberian Bantuan Lingkungan Terhadap Indonesia Melalui Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP-3)." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) 2, no. 1 (2021): 51-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v2i1.23042
Hermawan, Sapto, and Winarno Budyatmodjo. "Implementasi Demokrasi Lingkungan Hidup Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Timbulan Sampah Plastik di Lautan Indonesia." Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2022): 181-206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.5.1.181-206
Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah, Birgitte Fischer-Bonde, and Gabriel Gulis. "Analysis of Health in Environmental Assessments-a Literature Review and Survey with a Focus on Denmark." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224570
Jensen, Morten Bang, Jacob Møller, and Charlotte Scheutz. "Comparison of the Organic Waste Management Systems in the Danish–German Border Region Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Waste Management 49, no. 1 (2016): 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.035
Jørgensen, Lisbeth Flindt, Karen G. Villholth, and Jens Christian Refsgaard. "Groundwater Management and Protection in Denmark: A Review of Pre-Conditions, Advances and Challenges." International Journal of Water Resources Development 33, no. 6 (2017): 868-889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1225569
Knill, Christoph, Christina Steinbacher, and Yves Steinebach. "Sustaining Statehood: A Comparative Analysis of Vertical Policy‐Process Integration in Denmark and Italy." Public Administration 99, no. 4 (2021): 758-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12705
Liefferink, Duncan, Mark Wiering, and Yukina Uitenboogaart. "The EU Water Framework Directive: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Implementation and Domestic Impact." Land Use Policy 8, no. 4 (2011): 712-722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.12.006
Lyhne, Ivar, Frank van Laerhoven, Matthew Cashmore, and Hens Runhaar. "Theorising EIA Effectiveness: A Contribution Based on the Danish System." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 62 (2017): 240-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.12.002
Maskun, Maskun, Hanim Kamaruddin, Farida Pattitingi, Hasbi Assidiq, Siti Nurhaliza Bachril, and Nurul Habaib Al Mukarramah. "Plastic Waste Management in Indonesia: Current Legal Approaches and Future Perspectives." Hasanuddin Law Review 9, no. 1 (2023): 106-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i1.3683
Michalak, Magdalena, and Przemysław Kledzik. "The Aarhus Convention and Polish Regulations Concerning Parties to Proceedings for Issuing the EIA Decisions." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 18, no. 1-2 (2021): 56-76. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-18010005
Moalem, Rikke Marie, Arne Remmen, Stig Hirsbak, and Søren Kerndrup. "Struggles over Waste: Preparing for Re-Use in the Danish Waste Sector." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 41, no. 1 (2023): 98-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221105438
Palilingan, Toar Neman, Donna Okthalia Setiabudhi, and Toar K.R. Palilingan. "Environmental Policy, Public Health and Human Rights: Assessing the Regional Regulation on Waste." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 3 (2018): 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i3.1413
Pangaribuan, Daniel Adiasto, and Harapan Tua Ricky Freddy S. "Pengawasan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Toba." Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) 3, no. 3 (2021): 241-245. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v3i3.281
Pradana, Azaria Eda, Retno Sunu Astuti, and Budi Puspo Priyadi. "Public-Private Partnership in the Framework of Waste Management into Electrical Energy in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang City." Journal of Local Government Issues 3, no. 2 (2020): 130-144. https://doi.org/10.22219/logos.v3i2.11809
Prakoso, Septyanto Galan, Nadia Dian Ardita, and Andriansyah Perdana Murtyantoro. "Analisis Diplomasi Soft Power Denmark Terhadap Indonesia (Studi Tentang Kerja Sama Pengelolaan Lingkungan Di Indonesia)." Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional 10, no. 1 (2019): 57-76. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v10i1.1317
Pratiwi, Citra Ayu. "Kerja Sama Bilateral Indonesia Denmark Dalam Circular Economy dan Manajemen Pengolahan Sampah Tahun 2018-2019." Moestopo Journal of International Relations 1, no. 2 (2021): 127-136.
Singarimbun, Lukas Andri Surya. "Analyzing the Development Cooperation between Indonesia and Denmark in Developing a Circular Economy." Journal of World Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwts.v7i1.4828
Supriyadi, Aditya Prastian. "Reduksi Hak Partisipasi Publik Pada Aturan Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Untuk Perizinan Berusaha Di Indonesia: Perspektif Green Constitution." Jurnal HAM 14, no. 1 (2023): 15-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2023.14.15-38
Tatyana, Nadira, and Achmad Ramadhandy Y. Putra. "Pemenuhan Hak Atas Akses Informasi Lingkungan Hidup dan Partisipasi Publik Terhadap Pencemaran Udara Dki Jakarta." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 372-401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v8i2.420
Wang, Zhenhua, Ning Wang, Xingqiu Hu, and Hongpeng Wang. "Threshold Efects of Environmental Regulation Types on Green Investment by Heavily Polluting Enterprises." Environmental Sciences Europe 34, no. 1 (2022): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00606-2
Wibisana, Andri Gunawan. "Tentang Ekor Yang Tak Lagi Beracun: Kritik Konseptual Atas Sanksi Administratif Dalam Hukum Lingkungan Di Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (2020): 41-71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v6i1.123
Winarni, Fajar. "Problematika Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Atas Informasi Lingkungan Hidup." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 6, no. 3 (2022): 386-409. https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v6i3.276
Thesis or Dissertation
Arum, Aditya Niken Sekar. "Reformulasi Penegakan Sanksi Administratif Terhadap Pelanggaran Lingkungan." Master's Thesis, Department of Law Sebelas Maret University, 2021.
Legal Documents
Denmark. BEK Nr 1536 Af 09/12/2019 Miljøtilsynsbekendtgørelsen (Executive Order on Danish Environmental Supervision).
Denmark. LBK Nr 282 Af 27/03/2017 Jordforureningsloven (Danish Land Pollution Act).
Denmark. LBK Nr 5 Af 03/01/2023 Miljøbeskyttelsesloven (Danish Environmental Protection Act).
Indonesia. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management.
Indonesia. Law No. 6 of 2023 Concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation.
Indonesia. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 6 of 2021 Concerning Procedures and Requirements for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management.
Indonesia. Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 Concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management.
United Nations. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Other Documents
Aamand, Jens, Nora Badawi, Peter Roll Jakobsen, Peter R. Jørgensen, Klaus Mosthaf, Lars Troldborg, and Massimo Rolle. “Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability to Pesticide Contamination through Fractured Clays Clayfrac.” https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/269111935/CLAYFRAC_report_final_978_87_7038_375_2.pdf
Ardiansyah, Feri. "Tantangan Pengawasan dan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Implementasi Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja." https://mil.pasca.undip.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/3.-Feri-Ardiansyah-15-21.pdf
Lorenzen, Jan, and Søren Poulsen. “Eco-Friendly Production of Waterborne Paint.” https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2021/05/978-87-7038-302-8.pdf
Nikfar, Shekoufeh, and Shilan Mozaffari. "European Union and Its European Commission." In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.01076-9
Sulistyaningsih, E. "Community Participation in Improving Environmental Protection and Effort Management." https://www.proquest.com/openview/da9723d35b05dfc10526e170c788a398/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=4998669
Case Law
Citizen's Lawsuit against Jakarta's Air Pollution (Citizen's v. Government), Judgment, Central Jakarta District Court Decision No. 374/Pdt.G/Lh/2019/Pn.Jkt.Pst, 2019.
Website Content
DKI Jakarta Provincial Environment Agency. "Sistem Informasi Lingkungan dan Kebersihan DKI Jakarta." https://silika.jakarta.go.id/
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. "KLHK Inginkan Denmark Bantu Pengelolaan Sampah di Lima Destinasi Super Prioritas." https://www.menlhk.go.id/site/single_post/2763/klhk-inginkan-denmark-bantu-pengelolaan-sampah-di-lima-destinasi-super-prioritas
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. "Statistik Kinerja Pengawasan Perusahaan Ditjen Gakkum." Environmental and Forestry Law Enforcement https://gakkum.menlhk.go.id/kinerja/pengawasan
Yale Center for Environmental Law Policy. "2022 EPI Results." https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi
Published
2024-01-31
How to Cite
FIANNI SISMA, Annisa; SUBEKTI, Rahayu.
Comprehensive and Measurable Environmental Monitoring: A Comparison of Indonesian and Danish Concepts.
Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 83-108, jan. 2024.
ISSN 2549-0680.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ujlc/article/view/100714>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2024.v08.i01.p05.
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