Empowerment of Farmer's Salt Smallholder and their Welfare
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Jun 28, 2022
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Abstract
Efforts to fulfill salt self-sufficiency target and improve quality of smallholder's salt must be able to increase farmers’ income. Many policies have been implemented to achieve it, including empowering them through table salt technology. The study aims to analyze: 1) implementation of PUGAR, 2) impact of PUGAR on the farmers’ welfare, and 3) factors that influence farmers’ production in Pasuruan Regency. Primary data were collected from 40 farmers who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that implementation of PUGAR was accepted by all salt processing communities and well implemented. There are four things that are very important for farmers: extension policy of PUGAR, the program is carried out on target, appropriate to regulations, and compatible to existing resources. PUGAR was perceived by farmers as being able to improve their welfare. The better farmers' perception, the more prosperous they will be.
Factor that had a significant effect on salt production is only number of table salts. Age, education, number of family members, experience, amount of fuel, number of workers, length of salt production process, and price of salt had no effect on salt production. Limitation of the study is that welfare of salt farmers was just not measured, because it uses their perceptions with a Likert scale. Other researchers can measure welfare of farmers using equivalent variation (EV) and complementary variation (CV) in order to know quantitative changes in welfare.
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PURWIYONO, Bambang; PRIHATMININGTYAS, Budi; PUDJIASTUTI, Agnes Quartina.
Empowerment of Farmer's Salt Smallholder and their Welfare.
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, [S.l.], v. 16, n. 2, p. 201 - 212, june 2022.
ISSN 2615-6628.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/soca/article/view/71830>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2022.v16.i02.p07.
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Articles
References
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Astutik, M. A., Nurmalina, R., & Burhanuddin. (2019). Analisis Status Keberlanjutan Pengusahaan Garam Di Tiga Wilayah Pulau Madura. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 7(1), 13–26.
Azizi, A., Manadiyanto, M., & Koeshendrajana, S. (2017). Dinamika Usaha, Pendapatan Dan Pola Pengeluaran Konsumsi Petambak Garam Di Desa Pinggirpapas, Kecamatan Kalianget, Kabupaten Sumenep. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 6(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v6i2.5774
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Bappebti. (2019). Memberdayakan Petambak, Mendorong Peningkatan Produksi Garam (S. Komaruddin, M. R. Abbas, & Apriliyanto (eds.); 203rd ed.).
Batafor, Y. M. J. (2020). Identifikasi Permasalahan Produksi Garam Lokal Di Kabupaten Flores Timur Problem Identification on Local Salt Production. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia, 5(2), 71–76.
Bramawanto, R. (2017). Desain dan Layout Tambak Garam Semi Intensif Skala Kecil di Lahan Terbatas. Jurnal Segara, 13(2), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.15578/segara.v13i3.6495
Deliarnoor, N. A., Buchari, R. A., & Felfina, L. K. (2018). Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat Di Kecamatan Pangenan, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Responsive, 1(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v1i1.19097
Gani, E., & Gitayuda, M. B. S. (2020). The Income of Salt Farmers in Madura: an Explanation of Profit-Sharing System. Media Trend: Berkala Kajian Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 15(2), 263–274.
Garam, P. (2018). Laporan Tahunan: Transformasi untuk Keunggulan.
Hakim, A. (2020). Model Empiris Impor Garam Indonesia Empirical Model of Indonesian Salt Imports. 11(2), 125–135.
Hidayah, F. F., Yulianto, E., & Imaduddin, M. (2017). Exploration of Original Science (Indegenous Science) Salt Farmers in the Traditional Salt Prodution as a Reliable Effect of Chemical Large Based Materials. The 3rd International Seminar on Education and Technology - ISET, 2, 201.
Hidayaturrahman, M., Laily, N., & Agusrianto, E. (2017). Empowerment Salt Farmers to Alleviate Poverty. International Conference “Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Challenges and Its Solutions", August, 89–97.
Hossain, M. S., Hossain, M. Z., & Chowdhury, S. R. (2006). An analysis of economic and environmental issues associated with sea salt production in Bangladesh and Thailand coast. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 32(2), 159–172.
Ihsannudin. (2013). Evaluasi program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR ) di Kabupaten Jeneponto. Seminar Nasional Penyuluhan Pembangunan 2016, October, 11.
Ihsannudin, I., Pinujib, S., Subejo, S., & Sumada Bangko, B. (2018). Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Petani Garam Melalui Pendayagunaan Aset Tanah Pegaraman. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 5(4), 395–409. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v5i4.22177.
Izzaty, & Permana, S. H. (2011). Kebijakan Pengembangan Produksi Garam Nasional. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 657–680.
Karim, I., . A., & Hakim, A. (2019). Analysis of Salt Farming Business Effeciency in Palu City. The Social Sciences, 14(12), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.36478/sscience.2019.406.412
KPPU. (2020). Siaran Pers No. 04/KPPU-PR/I/2020. 04, 1–2.
Kumma, W. P., Haji, Y., Abdurahmen, J., & Mehretie Adinew, Y. (2018). Factors Affecting the Presence of Adequately Iodized Salt at Home in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Study. International Journal of Food Science, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4394908
Kurniawan, B. A. (2016). Implementasi Program Dana Bantuan Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR) dalam Rangka Pengembangan Wirausaha Garam Rakyat (Studi pada Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumenep). AJIE - Asian Journal of Innvoation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.20885/ajie.vol1.iss1.art2
Kurniawan, B., Suryono, A., & Saleh, C. (2014). Implementasi Program Dana Bantuan Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR) Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Wirausaha Garam Rakyat (Studi Pada Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumenep). Wacana, Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 17(3), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.wacana.2014.017.03.4.
Lia, R. S., Satmoko, S., & Prayoga, K. (2021). Socio-Economic Impact of Agropolitan Area Development Among Chrysanthemum Farmer. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(3), 506 - 517.
Mufliha, Y. A. (2019). Interpretasi Pengadaan Garam di Indonesia. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 8(1), 2145–2163.
Mun’im, A. (2016). Analisis Usaha Petambak Garam dan Peranannya dalam Perekonomian Tahun 2012 (Studi Kasus Petambak Garam PUGAR). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 10(2), 217. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v10i2.1261
Nahib, I., Suwarno, Y., & Prihanto, Y. (2013). Analisis Potensi Tambak Garam Melalui Pendekatan Interpretasi Citra Penginderaan Jauh : Studi Kasus di Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Kupang ( Analysis of the Potential Salt Pond by using Interpretation Remote Sensing Image Approach : Jurnal Globe, 15(2), 107–113.
Pangestu, R. G. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Petambak Garam Rakyat Dikaitkan dengan Berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Pengendalian Impor untuk Komoditas Perikanan dan Pegaraman sebagai Bahan Baku dan Bahan Penolong Industri. Dialogia Iuridica, 10(1), 77–95.
Prastio, L. O. (2019). Strategi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat Di Desa Muara Baru Kecamatan Cilamaya Wetan Kabupaten Karawang. The Indonesian Journal of Politics and Policy (Ijpp), 1(1), 62–73. https://journal.unsika.ac.id/index.php/IJPP/index
Pudjiastuti, A. Q. (2014). Perubahan Neraca Perdagangan Indonesia Sebagai Akibat Penghapusan Tarif Impor Gula. Agriekonomika, 3(2), 106–116.
Pudjiastuti, A. Q., Anindita, R., Nuhfil, H., & Kaluge, D. (2013). Changes Effect of Sugar Import Tariff in Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 3(15), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.18334/np3499
Pudjiastuti, A. Q., & Kembauw, E. (2018). Sugar Price Policy and Indonesia’s Trade Balance. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.8(30).26
Rikah, R., & Kusumaningsih, N. (2018). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Garam Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Rembang. Fokus Ekonomi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 13(2), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.34152/fe.13.2.316-330
Rismana, E., & Pengkajian, B. (2014). Kajian Proses Produksi Garam Aneka Pangan Menggunakan Beberapa Sumber Bahan Baku. Chemistry Progress, 7(1), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.7.1.2014.4851
Rodrigues, C. M., Bio, A., Amat, F., & Vieira, N. (2011). Artisanal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal - an ecofriendly process. Saline Systems, 7(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1448-7-3
Rusdi. (2018). The Effect Factors of Supply Salt in Indonesia. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Bussines, 1(2), 141–150.
Safril, & Arida, A. A. (2018). Analisis Pendapatan Petani dan Margin Pemasaran Kabupaten Bireuen ( Income Analysis of Farmers and Salt Marketing Margin in The Village Tanoh Anoe Jangka Sub-districts Bireuen District ) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian , Universitas Syiah Ku. Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Unsyiah, 3(1), 192–203. http://jim.unsyiah.ac.id/JFP/article/view/6480
Salim, Z., & Munadi, E. (2016). Info Komoditi Garam. In Al Mawardi Prima.
Sari, Y. R. (2018). Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Di Desa Kedungmutih Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak Tahun 2011-2013. Jurnal Spirit Publik, Vol13(1), 17–37.
Setyaningrum, R., Anomsari, A., Hartini, E., & Suprijono, H. (2015). Tingkat Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (Pugar) Ditinjau Dari Aspek Produksi, Distribusi, Permintaan Pasar Dan Sosial Budaya. J@Ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri, 10(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.12777/jati.10.1.55-62
Sumada, K., Dewati, R., & Suprihatin. (2018). Improvement of seawater salt quality by hydro-extraction and re-crystallization methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 953(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012214
Suryati, & Hatimah, H. (2018). Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir Di Desa Ketapang Raya Kecamatan Keruak Lombok Timur Melalui Program Fortifikasi Garam. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat IKIP Mataram, 3(1), 2541-626x.
Suwasono, B., Munazid, A., Poerwowidagdo, S. J., & Najid, A. (2015). Strategic Planning for Capacity Building Production and Salt Farmer in Region of Surabaya City East Java Indonesian. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 12(1), 2313–4410. http://asrjetsjournal.org/
Widiarto, S. B., Hubeis, M., & Sumantadinata, K. (2013). Efektivitas Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Indramayu. MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah, 8(2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.29244/mikm.8.2.144-154
Wiraningtyas, A., Sandi, A., & Ruslan, R. (2019). Iodized Salt Processing Technology through Solar Thermal Salt House in Sanolo Village. MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i1.494
Wulandari, V., Yunus, M., Nugraha, A. E. P., & Adhi, A. H. P. (2021). The Role of Capital Structure, Human Resources, and Technology in Increasing Salt Farmers’ Income. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(1), 157–165.
Zakki, N., & Sayyida. (2015). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Dan Kesejahteraan Petani Garam Rakyat Kawasan Pesisir Kalianget. PERFORMANCE “ Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi,” 5(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.24929/feb.v6i1.259
Amien, D. Al, & Adrienne, F. (2020). Tantangan dan Potensi Garam Nasional (Issue 11).
Arkanullah, L. (2019). Analisis Kualitas Garam Di Desa Ie Leubeu Kabupaten Pidie. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Reaksi, 17(2), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.30811/jstr.v17i2.1002
Astutik, M. A., Nurmalina, R., & Burhanuddin. (2019). Analisis Status Keberlanjutan Pengusahaan Garam Di Tiga Wilayah Pulau Madura. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 7(1), 13–26.
Azizi, A., Manadiyanto, M., & Koeshendrajana, S. (2017). Dinamika Usaha, Pendapatan Dan Pola Pengeluaran Konsumsi Petambak Garam Di Desa Pinggirpapas, Kecamatan Kalianget, Kabupaten Sumenep. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 6(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v6i2.5774
Baekhaki, K., Kinseng, R. A., & Soetarto, E. (2018). Korporatisasi Garam Rakyat : Dinamika Transisi Sosial, Ekonomi dan Ekologi Petambak Garam. Sodality, 6(1), 61–70.
Bappebti. (2019). Memberdayakan Petambak, Mendorong Peningkatan Produksi Garam (S. Komaruddin, M. R. Abbas, & Apriliyanto (eds.); 203rd ed.).
Batafor, Y. M. J. (2020). Identifikasi Permasalahan Produksi Garam Lokal Di Kabupaten Flores Timur Problem Identification on Local Salt Production. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia, 5(2), 71–76.
Bramawanto, R. (2017). Desain dan Layout Tambak Garam Semi Intensif Skala Kecil di Lahan Terbatas. Jurnal Segara, 13(2), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.15578/segara.v13i3.6495
Deliarnoor, N. A., Buchari, R. A., & Felfina, L. K. (2018). Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat Di Kecamatan Pangenan, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Responsive, 1(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.24198/responsive.v1i1.19097
Gani, E., & Gitayuda, M. B. S. (2020). The Income of Salt Farmers in Madura: an Explanation of Profit-Sharing System. Media Trend: Berkala Kajian Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 15(2), 263–274.
Garam, P. (2018). Laporan Tahunan: Transformasi untuk Keunggulan.
Hakim, A. (2020). Model Empiris Impor Garam Indonesia Empirical Model of Indonesian Salt Imports. 11(2), 125–135.
Hidayah, F. F., Yulianto, E., & Imaduddin, M. (2017). Exploration of Original Science (Indegenous Science) Salt Farmers in the Traditional Salt Prodution as a Reliable Effect of Chemical Large Based Materials. The 3rd International Seminar on Education and Technology - ISET, 2, 201.
Hidayaturrahman, M., Laily, N., & Agusrianto, E. (2017). Empowerment Salt Farmers to Alleviate Poverty. International Conference “Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Challenges and Its Solutions", August, 89–97.
Hossain, M. S., Hossain, M. Z., & Chowdhury, S. R. (2006). An analysis of economic and environmental issues associated with sea salt production in Bangladesh and Thailand coast. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 32(2), 159–172.
Ihsannudin. (2013). Evaluasi program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR ) di Kabupaten Jeneponto. Seminar Nasional Penyuluhan Pembangunan 2016, October, 11.
Ihsannudin, I., Pinujib, S., Subejo, S., & Sumada Bangko, B. (2018). Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Petani Garam Melalui Pendayagunaan Aset Tanah Pegaraman. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 5(4), 395–409. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v5i4.22177.
Izzaty, & Permana, S. H. (2011). Kebijakan Pengembangan Produksi Garam Nasional. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 657–680.
Karim, I., . A., & Hakim, A. (2019). Analysis of Salt Farming Business Effeciency in Palu City. The Social Sciences, 14(12), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.36478/sscience.2019.406.412
KPPU. (2020). Siaran Pers No. 04/KPPU-PR/I/2020. 04, 1–2.
Kumma, W. P., Haji, Y., Abdurahmen, J., & Mehretie Adinew, Y. (2018). Factors Affecting the Presence of Adequately Iodized Salt at Home in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Study. International Journal of Food Science, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4394908
Kurniawan, B. A. (2016). Implementasi Program Dana Bantuan Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR) dalam Rangka Pengembangan Wirausaha Garam Rakyat (Studi pada Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumenep). AJIE - Asian Journal of Innvoation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.20885/ajie.vol1.iss1.art2
Kurniawan, B., Suryono, A., & Saleh, C. (2014). Implementasi Program Dana Bantuan Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR) Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Wirausaha Garam Rakyat (Studi Pada Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumenep). Wacana, Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 17(3), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.wacana.2014.017.03.4.
Lia, R. S., Satmoko, S., & Prayoga, K. (2021). Socio-Economic Impact of Agropolitan Area Development Among Chrysanthemum Farmer. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(3), 506 - 517.
Mufliha, Y. A. (2019). Interpretasi Pengadaan Garam di Indonesia. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 8(1), 2145–2163.
Mun’im, A. (2016). Analisis Usaha Petambak Garam dan Peranannya dalam Perekonomian Tahun 2012 (Studi Kasus Petambak Garam PUGAR). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 10(2), 217. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v10i2.1261
Nahib, I., Suwarno, Y., & Prihanto, Y. (2013). Analisis Potensi Tambak Garam Melalui Pendekatan Interpretasi Citra Penginderaan Jauh : Studi Kasus di Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Kupang ( Analysis of the Potential Salt Pond by using Interpretation Remote Sensing Image Approach : Jurnal Globe, 15(2), 107–113.
Pangestu, R. G. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Petambak Garam Rakyat Dikaitkan dengan Berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Pengendalian Impor untuk Komoditas Perikanan dan Pegaraman sebagai Bahan Baku dan Bahan Penolong Industri. Dialogia Iuridica, 10(1), 77–95.
Prastio, L. O. (2019). Strategi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat Di Desa Muara Baru Kecamatan Cilamaya Wetan Kabupaten Karawang. The Indonesian Journal of Politics and Policy (Ijpp), 1(1), 62–73. https://journal.unsika.ac.id/index.php/IJPP/index
Pudjiastuti, A. Q. (2014). Perubahan Neraca Perdagangan Indonesia Sebagai Akibat Penghapusan Tarif Impor Gula. Agriekonomika, 3(2), 106–116.
Pudjiastuti, A. Q., Anindita, R., Nuhfil, H., & Kaluge, D. (2013). Changes Effect of Sugar Import Tariff in Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 3(15), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.18334/np3499
Pudjiastuti, A. Q., & Kembauw, E. (2018). Sugar Price Policy and Indonesia’s Trade Balance. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.8(30).26
Rikah, R., & Kusumaningsih, N. (2018). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Garam Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Rembang. Fokus Ekonomi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 13(2), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.34152/fe.13.2.316-330
Rismana, E., & Pengkajian, B. (2014). Kajian Proses Produksi Garam Aneka Pangan Menggunakan Beberapa Sumber Bahan Baku. Chemistry Progress, 7(1), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.7.1.2014.4851
Rodrigues, C. M., Bio, A., Amat, F., & Vieira, N. (2011). Artisanal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal - an ecofriendly process. Saline Systems, 7(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1448-7-3
Rusdi. (2018). The Effect Factors of Supply Salt in Indonesia. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Bussines, 1(2), 141–150.
Safril, & Arida, A. A. (2018). Analisis Pendapatan Petani dan Margin Pemasaran Kabupaten Bireuen ( Income Analysis of Farmers and Salt Marketing Margin in The Village Tanoh Anoe Jangka Sub-districts Bireuen District ) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian , Universitas Syiah Ku. Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Unsyiah, 3(1), 192–203. http://jim.unsyiah.ac.id/JFP/article/view/6480
Salim, Z., & Munadi, E. (2016). Info Komoditi Garam. In Al Mawardi Prima.
Sari, Y. R. (2018). Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Di Desa Kedungmutih Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak Tahun 2011-2013. Jurnal Spirit Publik, Vol13(1), 17–37.
Setyaningrum, R., Anomsari, A., Hartini, E., & Suprijono, H. (2015). Tingkat Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (Pugar) Ditinjau Dari Aspek Produksi, Distribusi, Permintaan Pasar Dan Sosial Budaya. J@Ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri, 10(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.12777/jati.10.1.55-62
Sumada, K., Dewati, R., & Suprihatin. (2018). Improvement of seawater salt quality by hydro-extraction and re-crystallization methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 953(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012214
Suryati, & Hatimah, H. (2018). Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir Di Desa Ketapang Raya Kecamatan Keruak Lombok Timur Melalui Program Fortifikasi Garam. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat IKIP Mataram, 3(1), 2541-626x.
Suwasono, B., Munazid, A., Poerwowidagdo, S. J., & Najid, A. (2015). Strategic Planning for Capacity Building Production and Salt Farmer in Region of Surabaya City East Java Indonesian. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 12(1), 2313–4410. http://asrjetsjournal.org/
Widiarto, S. B., Hubeis, M., & Sumantadinata, K. (2013). Efektivitas Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Indramayu. MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah, 8(2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.29244/mikm.8.2.144-154
Wiraningtyas, A., Sandi, A., & Ruslan, R. (2019). Iodized Salt Processing Technology through Solar Thermal Salt House in Sanolo Village. MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i1.494
Wulandari, V., Yunus, M., Nugraha, A. E. P., & Adhi, A. H. P. (2021). The Role of Capital Structure, Human Resources, and Technology in Increasing Salt Farmers’ Income. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(1), 157–165.
Zakki, N., & Sayyida. (2015). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Dan Kesejahteraan Petani Garam Rakyat Kawasan Pesisir Kalianget. PERFORMANCE “ Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi,” 5(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.24929/feb.v6i1.259