A Systemic Approach For a Sustainable Coffee Production in Indonesia
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Jan 24, 2022
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Abstract
Standard and certification are related to the sustainable development paradigm that views agriculture as a system. However, studies on standard and certification, especially in Indonesia, rarely evaluate it as a systemic approach to agricultural development. This study aimed to analyze the parallels of the standard and certification with the premise of The Theory of Change–can contextually provide incentives for a systemic approach to sustainable coffee production in Indonesia and to examine the proper systemic approach for a sustainable system of the Indonesian coffee production. We conducted a literature review to address the study aims. Empirical and theoretical approach studies included in the review process. Findings revealed that standard and certification did not provide adequate incentives for systemic and sustainable coffee production in Indonesia. Thus, a combination of five building blocks as a conceptual systemic approach is required to encourage sustainable coffee production. These building blocks are composed of enabling environment, production and market characteristics, the availability of alternative livelihoods, and the level of competition among producers.
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IBNU, Muhammad.
A Systemic Approach For a Sustainable Coffee Production in Indonesia.
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, [S.l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 15 - 27, jan. 2022.
ISSN 2615-6628.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/soca/article/view/71701>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2022.v16.i01.p02.
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References
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KPMG. (2013). Improving smallholder livelihoods: Effectiveness of certification in coffee, cocoa and cotton. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://sustaineo. org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/01/Improving-smallholderlivelihoods-Effectiveness-of-certification-incoffeecocoa-and-cotton_study-commissioned-by-SUSTAINEO. pdf.
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Loconto, A., & Dankers, C. (2014). Impact of international voluntary standards on smallholder market participation in developing countries: a review of the literature. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy.
Molenaar, J. W., Kessler, J. J., Blackmore, E., Vorley, B., Gorter, J., & Simons, L. (2013). Building a roadmap to sustainability in agro-commodity production. Aidenvironment, NewForesight, IIED. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.newforesight.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IFC-Report_here.pdf.
Neilson, J., & Pritchard, B. (2011). Value chain struggles: Institutions and governance in the plantation districts of South India (Vol. 93). John Wiley & Sons.
Padmaningrum, D. (2019). Penguatan Kapasitas Sumberdaya Manusia Dan Manajemen Kelembagaan Petani Kopi Robusta Temanggung Sebagai Upaya Penguatan Ekonomi Lokal Berbasis Indikasi Geografis. Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 8–13.
Pierrot, J., Giovannucci, D., & Kasterine, A. (2010). Trends in the trade of certified coffees. In International Trade Centre Technical Paper. International Trade Centre Technical Paper. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1736842.
Ponte, S. (2004). Standards and sustainability in the coffee sector. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www. iisd. org.
Reinecke, J., Manning, S., & Von Hagen, O. (2012). The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization Studies, 33(5–6), 791–814.
Romero, C., Putz, F. E., Guariguata, M. R., Sills, E. O., Cerutti, P. O., & Lescuyer, G. (2013). An overview of current knowledge about the impacts of forest management certification: A proposed framework for its evaluation. CIFOR Occasional Paper, (91). Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20143006948.
Ruben, R., & Fort, R. (2012). The impact of fair trade certification for coffee farmers in Peru. World Development, 40(3), 570–582.
Schouten, G., & Bitzer, V. (2015). The emergence of Southern standards in agricultural value chains: A new trend in sustainability governance? Ecological Economics, 120, 175–184.
Smith, T. M., & Fischlein, M. (2010). Rival private governance networks: Competing to define the rules of sustainability performance. Global Environmental Change, 20(3), 511–522.
Snider, A., Gutiérrez, I., Sibelet, N., & Faure, G. (2017). Small farmer cooperatives and voluntary coffee certifications: Rewarding progressive farmers of engendering widespread change in Costa Rica? Food Policy, 69, 231–242.
Steering Committee of the State-of-Knowledge Assessment of Standards and Certification. (2012). Toward sustainability: The roles and limitations of certification. Washington, DC: RESOLVE, Inc.
Sustainable Coffee Platform of Indonesia/SCOPI. (2017). Berkelanjutan, Perjalanan Kurikulum Nasional dan Manual Pelatihan Kopi Robusta dan Arabika. SCOPI Indonesia. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://scopi.or.id/id/national.
Sustainable Coffee Program/SCP. (2014). Indonesia a business case for sustainable coffee production. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.sustainablecoffeeprogram.com/en/resources.
Syahyuti, S. W., Suhaeti, R. N., Zakaria, A. K., & Nurasa, T. (2014). Kajian Peran Organisasi Petani dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Pertanian. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian. Bogor.
Van Rijsbergen, B., Elbers, W., Ruben, R., & Njuguna, S. N. (2016). The ambivalent impact of coffee certification on farmers’ welfare: a matched panel approach for cooperatives in Central Kenya. World Development, 77, 277–292.
Wahyudi, A., Wulandari, S., Aunillah, A., & Alouw, J. C. (2020). Sustainability certification as a pillar to promote Indonesian coffee competitiveness. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 418(1), 12009.
Wahyudi, T., & Jati, M. (2012). Challenges of sustainable coffee certification in Indonesia. International Coffee Council 109th Session,(September), 1–14.
Wiguna, S., Karimi, S., & Ridwan, E. (2019). Dampak Skema Relasi Kopi Sebagai Pengembangan Perekonomian Petani Kopi di Pedesaan. Agriekonomika, 8(1), 93–103.
Astuti, E. S., Offermans, A., Kemp, R., & Cörvers, R. (2015). The impact of coffee certification on the economic performance of Indonesian actors. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 12(1362-2017–749), 1–16.
Bastan, M., Khorshid-Doust, R. R., Sisi, S. D., & Ahmadvand, A. (2018). Sustainable development of agriculture: a system dynamics model. Kybernetes, 47(1), 142–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-01-2017-0003
Bitzer, V., Francken, M., & Glasbergen, P. (2008). Intersectoral partnerships for a sustainable coffee chain: Really addressing sustainability or just picking (coffee) cherries? Global Environmental Change, 18(2), 271–284.
Brandi, C., Cabani, T., Hosang, C., Schirmbeck, S., Westermann, L., & Wiese, H. (2013). Sustainability certification in the Indonesian palm oil sector: benefits and challenges for smallholders. Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE). Bonn, Germany. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://hdl.handle.net/10419/199199.
Diaz-Bonilla, E., Orden, D., & Kwieciński, A. (2014). Enabling environment for agricultural growth and competitiveness: evaluation, indicators and indices. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 67, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jz48305h4vd-en
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2014). Perkebunan Kopi. In statistika perkebunan kopi Indoenesia. Kementerian Pertanian, Republik Indonesia. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/tinymcpuk/gambar/file/statistik/2015/KOPI 2013 -2015.pd. f.
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2017). Pengembangan Kopi Arabika Terus Ditingkatkan. Kementerian Pertanian, Republik Indonesia. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/berita361pengembangankopiarabikaterusditi%0Angkatkan.htm.
Elhakim, S. K., & Leovita, A. (2020). Model Penguatan Kelembagaan Asosiasi Kopi Minang Sumatera Barat Menuju Manajemen Inovasi Dalam Memperkuat Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Agrimanex: Agribusiness, Rural Management, and Development Extension, 1(1).
Francesconi, G. N., & Ruben, R. (2014). FairTrade’s theory of change: an evaluation based on the cooperative life cycle framework and mixed methods. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 6(3), 268–283.
Giovannucci, D., & Ponte, S. (2005). Standards as a new form of social contract? Sustainability initiatives in the coffee industry. Food Policy, 30(3), 284–301.
Giovannucci, D., von Hagen, O., & Wozniak, J. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and the role of voluntary sustainability standards. In Voluntary Standard Systems (pp. 359–384). Springer.
Glasbergen, P. (2018). Smallholders do not eat certificates. Ecological Economics, 147, 243–252.
Global Coffee Platform/GCP. (2017). 4C Baseline common code v.2.1. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.globalcoffeeplatform.org/assets/files/GCP_Doc_01_Baseline-Common-Code_v2.1_en.pdf.
Ibnu, M. (2017). Gatekeepers of Sustainability: On coffee smallholders, standards and certifications in Indonesia. Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Ibnu, M. (2019). Determinan Partisipasi Petani Kopi Dalam Standar dan Sertifikasi Berkelanjutan Common Code for Coffee Community ( 4C ). 6(November), 135–144.
Ibnu, M. (2020). Toward a More Sustainable Coffee Production: the Implementation Capacity of Indonesian Standard Coffee. Pelita Perkebunan, 35(3), 212–229.
Ibnu, M., Glasbergen, P., Offermans, A., & Arifin, B. (2015). Farmer preferences for coffee certification: A conjoint analysis of the Indonesian smallholders. Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(6), 20.
Ibnu, M., Offermans, A., & Glasbergen, P. (2018). Certification and farmer organisation: Indonesian smallholder perceptions of benefits. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 54(3), 387–415.
Ibnu, M., Offermans, A., Glasbergen, P., & Ismono, H. (2016). Competing explanations for Indonesian smallholder participations in sustainability coffee certifications. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(24).
Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee. Sustainable Development, 21(5), 324–337.
KPMG. (2013). Improving smallholder livelihoods: Effectiveness of certification in coffee, cocoa and cotton. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://sustaineo. org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/01/Improving-smallholderlivelihoods-Effectiveness-of-certification-incoffeecocoa-and-cotton_study-commissioned-by-SUSTAINEO. pdf.
Liu, E. (2020). The Coffee in Your Cup: Reviewing Fair Trade’s Impact on Development. In Oswald Research and Creativity Competition (Vol. 28). Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/oswald/28/.
Loconto, A., & Dankers, C. (2014). Impact of international voluntary standards on smallholder market participation in developing countries: a review of the literature. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy.
Molenaar, J. W., Kessler, J. J., Blackmore, E., Vorley, B., Gorter, J., & Simons, L. (2013). Building a roadmap to sustainability in agro-commodity production. Aidenvironment, NewForesight, IIED. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.newforesight.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IFC-Report_here.pdf.
Neilson, J., & Pritchard, B. (2011). Value chain struggles: Institutions and governance in the plantation districts of South India (Vol. 93). John Wiley & Sons.
Padmaningrum, D. (2019). Penguatan Kapasitas Sumberdaya Manusia Dan Manajemen Kelembagaan Petani Kopi Robusta Temanggung Sebagai Upaya Penguatan Ekonomi Lokal Berbasis Indikasi Geografis. Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 8–13.
Pierrot, J., Giovannucci, D., & Kasterine, A. (2010). Trends in the trade of certified coffees. In International Trade Centre Technical Paper. International Trade Centre Technical Paper. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1736842.
Ponte, S. (2004). Standards and sustainability in the coffee sector. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www. iisd. org.
Reinecke, J., Manning, S., & Von Hagen, O. (2012). The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization Studies, 33(5–6), 791–814.
Romero, C., Putz, F. E., Guariguata, M. R., Sills, E. O., Cerutti, P. O., & Lescuyer, G. (2013). An overview of current knowledge about the impacts of forest management certification: A proposed framework for its evaluation. CIFOR Occasional Paper, (91). Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20143006948.
Ruben, R., & Fort, R. (2012). The impact of fair trade certification for coffee farmers in Peru. World Development, 40(3), 570–582.
Schouten, G., & Bitzer, V. (2015). The emergence of Southern standards in agricultural value chains: A new trend in sustainability governance? Ecological Economics, 120, 175–184.
Smith, T. M., & Fischlein, M. (2010). Rival private governance networks: Competing to define the rules of sustainability performance. Global Environmental Change, 20(3), 511–522.
Snider, A., Gutiérrez, I., Sibelet, N., & Faure, G. (2017). Small farmer cooperatives and voluntary coffee certifications: Rewarding progressive farmers of engendering widespread change in Costa Rica? Food Policy, 69, 231–242.
Steering Committee of the State-of-Knowledge Assessment of Standards and Certification. (2012). Toward sustainability: The roles and limitations of certification. Washington, DC: RESOLVE, Inc.
Sustainable Coffee Platform of Indonesia/SCOPI. (2017). Berkelanjutan, Perjalanan Kurikulum Nasional dan Manual Pelatihan Kopi Robusta dan Arabika. SCOPI Indonesia. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://scopi.or.id/id/national.
Sustainable Coffee Program/SCP. (2014). Indonesia a business case for sustainable coffee production. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.sustainablecoffeeprogram.com/en/resources.
Syahyuti, S. W., Suhaeti, R. N., Zakaria, A. K., & Nurasa, T. (2014). Kajian Peran Organisasi Petani dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Pertanian. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian. Bogor.
Van Rijsbergen, B., Elbers, W., Ruben, R., & Njuguna, S. N. (2016). The ambivalent impact of coffee certification on farmers’ welfare: a matched panel approach for cooperatives in Central Kenya. World Development, 77, 277–292.
Wahyudi, A., Wulandari, S., Aunillah, A., & Alouw, J. C. (2020). Sustainability certification as a pillar to promote Indonesian coffee competitiveness. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 418(1), 12009.
Wahyudi, T., & Jati, M. (2012). Challenges of sustainable coffee certification in Indonesia. International Coffee Council 109th Session,(September), 1–14.
Wiguna, S., Karimi, S., & Ridwan, E. (2019). Dampak Skema Relasi Kopi Sebagai Pengembangan Perekonomian Petani Kopi di Pedesaan. Agriekonomika, 8(1), 93–103.