DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI NASIONAL TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN GAS RUMAH KACA DAN PENURUNAN KAPASITAS SEKTOR EKONOMI DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN ANALISIS INPUT-OUTPUT

Abstract

It has been proven that national economic growth which is originally expected to
improve people welfare, to balance the gaps of income, to alleviate poverty and to keep
the environmental stability could not accomplish the goal of economic development.
The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the impact of national economic
growth on greenhouse gases formation, especially on emission of carbon, sulphur and
nitrogen, (2) to analyze the impact of greenhouse gases emission which is formed by
economic activities as consequences of national economic growth on the capacity of
economic sectors, especially in declining capacity on output, income, value added and
employment. To prove those main objectives, the national Input-Output analysis is used
in this research. The data used in this research are input-output transaction matrix year
1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000 which is published by Statistical Center Agency
(BPS). Input-Output data analysis showed that with 4.24% of economic growth scenario
formed carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen each equal to 3,276.6 kilo ton, 44.2 kilo ton, and
79.9 kilo ton respectively. By internalizing the price of carbon Rp 190,000 per mt, they
would decline the capacity of economic sectors, such as Rp 1.4 triliun of output, Rp
187.9 biliun of income, Rp 657.2 biliun of value added and 33.728 persons of
employment respectively. In conclusion, economic growth has caused the greenhouse
gaseous formation, and has implication on cost of externalities on environment.
Furthermore, the policies to compensate the recovery of environmental degradation are
needed through some instruments of policies, such as command-and-control, and basedmarket-
policies in Indonesia.