Determinants of Youth Motivation in Agricultural Careers: A Systematic Review for Regeneration Strategy Formulation in Indonesia
Abstract
The agricultural sector in Indonesia faces serious challenges regarding the low interest and participation of the younger generation. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review to identify the key determinants or factors influencing farming motivation among Indonesian youth. This qualitative research employed a systematic and structured literature review approach by conducting an in-depth search through reputable journal databases. The review findings reveal negative perceptions of farming as a profession, low income and welfare among farmers, and inadequate infrastructure and institutional support are significant barriers to attracting youth interest. Thematic analysis identified 16 key factors motivating Indonesian youth to engage in farming: government support, creativity, family support, technology, social environment, mindset, training, extension services, digital communication, digital education, environmental awareness, formal education, cosmopolitanism, infrastructure availability, adoption and innovation, and community involvement. The policy implications emphasize strengthening technology-based training programs and financial incentives to address these challenges.
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References
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Azizah, H. W., Nurdiawan, O., Dwilestari, G., Kaslani, K., & Tohidi, E. (2022). Klasifikasi pemberian bantuan UMKM Cirebon dengan menggunakan algoritma K-nearest neighbor. Journal of Computer System and Informatics, 3(3), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.47065/josyc.v3i3.1392
Borisova, E. (2023). Distinguishing characteristics of digital format for students of new generation. In Computer Science On-line Conference (pp. 453–463). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35311-6_46
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Fkun, E., & Pareira, M. S. (2021). Strengthening the agriculture sector as a locomotive of economic development in border areas Indonesia-Timor Leste (Study TTU Regency). 2nd Annual Conference on Blended Learning, Educational Technology and Innovation (ACBLETI 2020) (pp. 93–97). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210615.019
Gaase, A. F. T., Mwuese, A. M., & Aondona, A. C. (2022). The role of perception in the entry of would-be entrepreneur into agribusiness: A case study of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v5i4.365
Gina, G. A., Mariya, A., Natalia, C., Nispuana, S., Wijaya, M. F., & Phalepi, M. Y. (2023). The role of the agricultural sector on economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.59066/ijoms.v2i1.325
Janjua, Z. ul A., Krishnapillai, G., & Rahman, M. (2021). A systematic literature review of rural homestays and sustainability in tourism. Sage Open, 11(2), 21582440211007116. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211007117
Karahan, M., Abay, C., & Ito, R. (2023). Determining factors of retaining young farmers in agriculture: A case study in Turkey and Japan. *AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 15*(2), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2023.150204
Marpaung, N., & Bangun, I. C. (2023). Pentingnya regenerasi petani dalam modernisasi pertanian. Jurnal Kajian Agraria dan Kedaulatan Pangan, 2(2), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.32734/jkakp.v2i2.14195
Mmbengwa, V., Qin, X., & Nkobi, V. (2023). Youth agriculture entrepreneurship: A tool to enhance entrepreneurial success in South Africa. Book Publisher International.
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). The ABC of systematic literature review: The basic methodological guidance for beginners. Quality & Quantity, 55, 1319–1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01059-6
Mukti, G. W., Andriani, R., & Pardian, P. (2018). Transformasi petani menjadi entrepreneur (studi kasus pada program wirausaha muda pertanian di fakultas pertanian universitas padjadjaran). Agricore: Jurnal Agribisnis dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Unpad, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/agricore.v3i2.20491
Mukti, G. W., Kusumo, R. A. B., & Charina, A. (2023). Pengembangan ekosistem kewirausahaan pertanian: Sebagai upaya regenerasi petani muda di Jawa Barat. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 9(2), 2976–2990. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v9i2.10805
Nandi, R., Pratheepa, C. M., Nedumaran, S., Rao, N., & Rengalakshmi, R. (2022). Farm parent and youth aspirations on the generational succession of farming: Evidence from South India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 804581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.804581
Novisma, A., & Iskandar, E. (2023). The study of millennial farmers behavior in agricultural production. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1183(1), 012112. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012112
Nur, M. M., Umar, R., Suprapta, S., Arfandi, A., Rasyid, R., Maru, R., Mannan, A., & Nyompa, S. (2023). Sustainable strategy for rice crop management in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 400, 1001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340001001
Ogunjimi, O., Daum, T., & Kariuki, J. (2023). The farming question: Intergenerational linkages, gender and youth aspirations in rural Zambia. Rural Sociology, 88(1), 71–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12469
Oktavia, S. E., & Suprapti, I. (2020). Motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani Desa Pangkatrejo Kabupaten Lamongan. Agriscience, 1(2), 383–395.
Ólafsdóttir, R., & Tverijonaite, E. (2018). Geotourism: A systematic literature review. Geosciences, 8(7), 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070234
Padma, V. M., & M., S. (2018). Knowledge gain of farmers by Krishi Vigyan Kendra training programmes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(5), 2297–2299.
Peira, G., Lo Giudice, A., & Miraglia, S. (2022). Railway and tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism and Hospitality, 3(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3010006
Polan, T. S., Pontoan, K. A., & Merung, Y. A. (2021). Pemberdayaan kaum muda untuk mendorong regenerasi di sektor pertanian. Comserva: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v1i1.95
Prasetya, M. M. Y., & Kuncoro, M. W. (2024). Minat kerja generasi muda pada sektor pertanian di Desa Ngablak Magelang. Journal Pusat Studi Pendidikan Rakyat, 4(1).
Purnama, H., Zulfikar, I., Nuzleha, N., & Yamin, Y. (2020). Membangkitkan petani muda (young generation farming) sebagai penerus kejuangan pertanian di Pringsewu. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Saburai, 1(02), 50–56.
Puryantoro, P., Widjayanti, L., & Rokhani, R. (2023). Pemuda dalam pembangunan pertanian: A review. AGRIMOR, 8(4), 197–203.
Rai, A. K., Singh, B. V., Bharti, S. D., Saikanth, D. R. K., & others. (2023). Agricultural extension’s key role in modern farming: A review. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 41(9), 475–485. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92066
Rudenko, L. G., & Goryachikh, S. P. (2020). The mechanism of infrastructure support for development of small youth entrepreneurship. International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020) (pp. 348–354). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.051
Rukka, H., Sirajuddin, A., & Muzakkir, M. (2023). Motivasi petani milenial pada program YESS (Youth Enterpreneurship and Employment Support Services) dalam usaha bidang pertanian di Kabupaten Bantaeng: Motivating millennial farmers in the YESS (Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services) program in agricultural business in Bantaeng Regency. Jurnal Agrisistem: Seri Sosek dan Penyuluhan, 19(2), 77–83.
Rumetna, M. S., Lina, T. N., Ferdinandus, W., Matahelumual, F., & Pattiwael, M. (2022). Optimasi hasil produksi lemon cina dan daun jeruk purut dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 6(2), 733–740. https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i2.8370
Salmah, M., Adam, N. A., Muhamad, R., Lau, W. H., & Ahmad, H. (2017). Research article special issue. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9, 799–812.
Shaffril, H. A. M., Samah, A. A., & Samsuddin, S. F. (2021). Guidelines for developing a systematic literature review for studies related to climate change adaptation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 22265–22277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13178-0
Solichin, E. (2020). Analysis of factors that oppose business development in small-scale food agro-industry. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1(3), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i3.109
Solihin, O., Anggreany, S., Rais, R., & Siregar, B. (2023). Komunikasi digital untuk motivasi generasi Z meningkatkan keterlibatan dalam bidang pertanian Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 41(2), 79–95.
Sudarwati, L., & Nasution, N. F. (2024). Upaya pemerintah dan teknologi pertanian dalam meningkatkan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan petani di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Agraria dan Kedaulatan Pangan, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.32734/jkakp.v3i1.15847
Trubilin, A. I., Gayduk, V. I., Kondrashova, A. V., Gorokhova, A. E., & Gasanbekov, S. K. (2022). Practical training of students of agrarian universities as a key element in training future specialists in the agro-industrial complex. Revista on line de Política e Gestão Educacional, e022053.
Unay-Gailhard, İ., & Brennen, M. A. (2022). How digital communications contribute to shaping the career paths of youth: A review study focused on farming as a career option. Agriculture and Human Values, 39(4), 1491–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10335-0
Островська, М. (2022). Modern innovative technologies as a process of improving the quality of education for students of high schools. Перспективи та інновації науки. Педагогіка, психологія, медицина, 9(14), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-4952-2022-9(14)-22-29
Alrawashdeh, G. S., Lindgren, S., Reyes, M., & Pisey, S. (2022). Developing youth’s capacities as active partners in achieving sustainable global food security through education. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 15(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022015028
Anjana, A., Mukerji, S., & Tripathi, P. (2022). Prospects of agriculture as a lifelong livelihood option for young Indian rural population: A case study. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSESD.287886
Ayamga, M., Lawani, A., Akaba, S., & Birindwa, A. (2023). Developing institutions and inter-organizational synergies through digitalization and youth engagement in African agriculture: The case of “Africa Goes Digital.” Land, 12(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010199
Azizah, H. W., Nurdiawan, O., Dwilestari, G., Kaslani, K., & Tohidi, E. (2022). Klasifikasi pemberian bantuan UMKM Cirebon dengan menggunakan algoritma K-nearest neighbor. Journal of Computer System and Informatics, 3(3), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.47065/josyc.v3i3.1392
Borisova, E. (2023). Distinguishing characteristics of digital format for students of new generation. In Computer Science On-line Conference (pp. 453–463). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35311-6_46
Cicchelli, V., & Octobre, S. (2014). A cosmopolitan perspective of globalization: Cultural and aesthetic consumption among young people. Studies of Changing Societies, 3(2013), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/scs-2014-0151
Cosby, A., Manning, J., Power, D., & Harreveld, B. (2022). New decade, same concerns: A systematic review of agricultural literacy of school students. Education Sciences, 12(4), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12040235
Dhaka, S. S., & Urmila. (2023). Youth participation in agriculture and allied sectors: Empirical evidence from Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Economics and Development. https://doi.org/10.35716/ijed/21324
Esty, M. Y. M. K. L. (2022). Pengaruh sustainable livelihood asset terhadap adopsi teknologi budidaya jagung di Desa Kenebibi, Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu. Agrimor, 7(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i2.3924
Fabregas, R., Harigaya, T., Kremer, M., & Ramrattan, R. (2022). Digital agricultural extension for development. In Introduction to Development Engineering: A Framework with Applications from the Field (pp. 187–219). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_8
Firdausia, N. D., Rozaki, Z., Wulandari, R., & Nurlita, M. (2023). Peran generasi muda dalam membangun masa depan pertanian Indonesia yang mandiri: The role of the young generation in building Indonesia’s independent agricultural future. Proceedings Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference, 3(2), 230–235.
Fkun, E., & Pareira, M. S. (2021). Strengthening the agriculture sector as a locomotive of economic development in border areas Indonesia-Timor Leste (Study TTU Regency). 2nd Annual Conference on Blended Learning, Educational Technology and Innovation (ACBLETI 2020) (pp. 93–97). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210615.019
Gaase, A. F. T., Mwuese, A. M., & Aondona, A. C. (2022). The role of perception in the entry of would-be entrepreneur into agribusiness: A case study of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v5i4.365
Gina, G. A., Mariya, A., Natalia, C., Nispuana, S., Wijaya, M. F., & Phalepi, M. Y. (2023). The role of the agricultural sector on economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.59066/ijoms.v2i1.325
Janjua, Z. ul A., Krishnapillai, G., & Rahman, M. (2021). A systematic literature review of rural homestays and sustainability in tourism. Sage Open, 11(2), 21582440211007116. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211007117
Karahan, M., Abay, C., & Ito, R. (2023). Determining factors of retaining young farmers in agriculture: A case study in Turkey and Japan. *AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 15*(2), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2023.150204
Marpaung, N., & Bangun, I. C. (2023). Pentingnya regenerasi petani dalam modernisasi pertanian. Jurnal Kajian Agraria dan Kedaulatan Pangan, 2(2), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.32734/jkakp.v2i2.14195
Mmbengwa, V., Qin, X., & Nkobi, V. (2023). Youth agriculture entrepreneurship: A tool to enhance entrepreneurial success in South Africa. Book Publisher International.
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). The ABC of systematic literature review: The basic methodological guidance for beginners. Quality & Quantity, 55, 1319–1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01059-6
Mukti, G. W., Andriani, R., & Pardian, P. (2018). Transformasi petani menjadi entrepreneur (studi kasus pada program wirausaha muda pertanian di fakultas pertanian universitas padjadjaran). Agricore: Jurnal Agribisnis dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Unpad, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/agricore.v3i2.20491
Mukti, G. W., Kusumo, R. A. B., & Charina, A. (2023). Pengembangan ekosistem kewirausahaan pertanian: Sebagai upaya regenerasi petani muda di Jawa Barat. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 9(2), 2976–2990. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v9i2.10805
Nandi, R., Pratheepa, C. M., Nedumaran, S., Rao, N., & Rengalakshmi, R. (2022). Farm parent and youth aspirations on the generational succession of farming: Evidence from South India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 804581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.804581
Novisma, A., & Iskandar, E. (2023). The study of millennial farmers behavior in agricultural production. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1183(1), 012112. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012112
Nur, M. M., Umar, R., Suprapta, S., Arfandi, A., Rasyid, R., Maru, R., Mannan, A., & Nyompa, S. (2023). Sustainable strategy for rice crop management in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 400, 1001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340001001
Ogunjimi, O., Daum, T., & Kariuki, J. (2023). The farming question: Intergenerational linkages, gender and youth aspirations in rural Zambia. Rural Sociology, 88(1), 71–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12469
Oktavia, S. E., & Suprapti, I. (2020). Motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani Desa Pangkatrejo Kabupaten Lamongan. Agriscience, 1(2), 383–395.
Ólafsdóttir, R., & Tverijonaite, E. (2018). Geotourism: A systematic literature review. Geosciences, 8(7), 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070234
Padma, V. M., & M., S. (2018). Knowledge gain of farmers by Krishi Vigyan Kendra training programmes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(5), 2297–2299.
Peira, G., Lo Giudice, A., & Miraglia, S. (2022). Railway and tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism and Hospitality, 3(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3010006
Polan, T. S., Pontoan, K. A., & Merung, Y. A. (2021). Pemberdayaan kaum muda untuk mendorong regenerasi di sektor pertanian. Comserva: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v1i1.95
Prasetya, M. M. Y., & Kuncoro, M. W. (2024). Minat kerja generasi muda pada sektor pertanian di Desa Ngablak Magelang. Journal Pusat Studi Pendidikan Rakyat, 4(1).
Purnama, H., Zulfikar, I., Nuzleha, N., & Yamin, Y. (2020). Membangkitkan petani muda (young generation farming) sebagai penerus kejuangan pertanian di Pringsewu. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Saburai, 1(02), 50–56.
Puryantoro, P., Widjayanti, L., & Rokhani, R. (2023). Pemuda dalam pembangunan pertanian: A review. AGRIMOR, 8(4), 197–203.
Rai, A. K., Singh, B. V., Bharti, S. D., Saikanth, D. R. K., & others. (2023). Agricultural extension’s key role in modern farming: A review. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 41(9), 475–485. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92066
Rudenko, L. G., & Goryachikh, S. P. (2020). The mechanism of infrastructure support for development of small youth entrepreneurship. International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020) (pp. 348–354). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.051
Rukka, H., Sirajuddin, A., & Muzakkir, M. (2023). Motivasi petani milenial pada program YESS (Youth Enterpreneurship and Employment Support Services) dalam usaha bidang pertanian di Kabupaten Bantaeng: Motivating millennial farmers in the YESS (Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services) program in agricultural business in Bantaeng Regency. Jurnal Agrisistem: Seri Sosek dan Penyuluhan, 19(2), 77–83.
Rumetna, M. S., Lina, T. N., Ferdinandus, W., Matahelumual, F., & Pattiwael, M. (2022). Optimasi hasil produksi lemon cina dan daun jeruk purut dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 6(2), 733–740. https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i2.8370
Salmah, M., Adam, N. A., Muhamad, R., Lau, W. H., & Ahmad, H. (2017). Research article special issue. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9, 799–812.
Shaffril, H. A. M., Samah, A. A., & Samsuddin, S. F. (2021). Guidelines for developing a systematic literature review for studies related to climate change adaptation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 22265–22277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13178-0
Solichin, E. (2020). Analysis of factors that oppose business development in small-scale food agro-industry. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1(3), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i3.109
Solihin, O., Anggreany, S., Rais, R., & Siregar, B. (2023). Komunikasi digital untuk motivasi generasi Z meningkatkan keterlibatan dalam bidang pertanian Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 41(2), 79–95.
Sudarwati, L., & Nasution, N. F. (2024). Upaya pemerintah dan teknologi pertanian dalam meningkatkan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan petani di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Agraria dan Kedaulatan Pangan, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.32734/jkakp.v3i1.15847
Trubilin, A. I., Gayduk, V. I., Kondrashova, A. V., Gorokhova, A. E., & Gasanbekov, S. K. (2022). Practical training of students of agrarian universities as a key element in training future specialists in the agro-industrial complex. Revista on line de Política e Gestão Educacional, e022053.
Unay-Gailhard, İ., & Brennen, M. A. (2022). How digital communications contribute to shaping the career paths of youth: A review study focused on farming as a career option. Agriculture and Human Values, 39(4), 1491–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10335-0
Островська, М. (2022). Modern innovative technologies as a process of improving the quality of education for students of high schools. Перспективи та інновації науки. Педагогіка, психологія, медицина, 9(14), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-4952-2022-9(14)-22-29
Published
2025-05-29
How to Cite
JUNIASIH, Ida Ayu Komang et al.
Determinants of Youth Motivation in Agricultural Careers: A Systematic Review for Regeneration Strategy Formulation in Indonesia.
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, [S.l.], v. 19, n. 1, p. 43-55, may 2025.
ISSN 2615-6628.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/soca/article/view/120127>. Date accessed: 03 nov. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2025.v19.i01.p04.
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