Forward Head Posture, Musculoskeletal Disorders, and Gaming Habits: A Cross-Sectional Study in Magelang City

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid growth of esports has increased the risk of postural disorders, notably Forward Head Posture (FHP), due to prolonged video game playing sessions. Playing video games often requires sustained neck flexion to view lower-positioned objects. This leads to poor posture and subsequently the development of FHP, characterized by the head being misaligned with the shoulders. If left unaddressed, FHP can predispose individuals to neck pain and musculoskeletal disorders.
Methods: This observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted among esports athletes in Magelang City between August and October 2024. The study population consisted of adolescents and adults actively participating in esports communities in the city. A total of 99 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forward Head Posture was assessed using photogrammetry, while neck pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho correlation test.
Results: Spearman’s Rho analysis indicated no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between FHP, musculoskeletal disorders, duration of playing, and playing time.
Conclusion: Forward Head Posture and musculoskeletal disorders among esports athletes in Magelang City were not significantly associated with the duration and frequency of video game playing.

Keywords: Forward Head Posture, video games, neck pain, playing duration