TANTANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI INDONESIA: COURT-PACKING, JUDICIALIZATION OF POLITICS, DAN FENOMENA AUTOCRATIC LEGALISM
Abstract
Mahkamah Konstitusi merupakan lembaga yang berfungsi sebagai pengawal konstitusi (The Guardian of Constitution), bahkan Mahkamah Konstitusi juga kerap kali disebut sebagai pengawal demokrasi (The Guardian of Democracy). Dalam praktiknya, Mahkamah Konstitusi mengalami tantangan di tengah regresi demokrasi. Beberapa upaya untuk mengganggu independensi pengadilan khususnya Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia muncul yakni tercermin dari adanya pemberhentian Aswanto sebagai Hakim Konstitusi serta upaya revisi keempat Undang-Undang Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dapat dikatagorikan sebagai salah satu bentuk dari court-packing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ancaman dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia di tengah Fenomena Autocratic Legalism serta peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalamĀ menghadapi upaya court packing, judicialization of politic di tengah fenomena autocratic legalism. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap penggunaan hukum (berarti termasuk konstitusi) untuk melegitimasi tindakan atau perbuatan tidak demokratis itu adalah autocratic legalism. Fenomena autocratic legalism merupakan ancaman yang sangat serius terhadap demokrasi dan negara hukum. Bahkan fenomena ini terjadi di beberapa negara yakni Hungaria, Polandia, Venezuela, Ekuador, Rusia, dan Turki. Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai The Guardian of Constitution and Democracy memiliki peran penting untuk menghadapi upaya court-packing, judicialization of politics, dan fenomena autocratic legalism melalui kewenangan judicial review yang melekat pada Mahkamah Konstitusi.
ABSTRACT
The Constitutional Court is an institution that functions as a guardian of the constitution (even the Constitutional Court is often referred to as the guardian of democracy. In practice, the Constitutional Court faces challenges amidst democratic regression. Several attempts to disrupt the independence of the court, especially the Indonesian Constitutional Court, have emerged, reflected in the dismissal of Aswanto as a Constitutional Justice and the fourth attempt to revise the Constitutional Court Law which can be categorized as a form of court-packing. This study aims to analyze the threats and challenges faced by the Indonesian Constitutional Court amidst the Autocratic Legalism Phenomenon and the role of the Constitutional Court in dealing with court packing efforts, judicialization of politics amidst the autocratic legalism phenomenon. This study is a normative legal study that uses a statutory regulatory approach, a conceptual approach, a case approach, and a comparative approach. The results of the study show that every use of law (including the constitution) to legitimize undemocratic actions or deeds is autocratic legalism. The phenomenon of autocratic legalism is a very serious threat to democracy and the rule of law. In fact, this phenomenon occurs in several countries, namely Hungary, Poland, Venezuela, Ecuador, Russia, and Turkey. The Constitutional Court as the Guardian of Constitution and Democracy has an important role in dealing with court-packing efforts, judicialization of politics, and the phenomenon of autocratic legalism through the judicial review authority inherent in the Constitutional Court.