Crime Victims Protection in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Recent Victim Protection Acts
Abstract
The Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985) ensures the protection of victims of crime. Basically, the implementation of this international declaration depends on the domestic law of each state. Indonesia has promulgated Act No. 13 of 2006 concerning Witness and Victim Protection (Witness and Victim Protection Act) and its Amendment (Act No. 31 of 2014) to give protection of the victim, although not fully adopted the principles contained in the declaration. This article aims to analyze the protection of the victims under the recent Indonesian victim protection Acts and to examine to what extent the Acts in line with the declaration. It is a normative legal research that collects sources from libraries, databases, and archives. This research suggested that Witness and Victim Protection Act has provided the protection to the victim that is limited to victims of a grave violation of human rights, terrorism, trafficking, torture, sexual crime, and serious assaults in the form of compensation (only for a grave violation of human rights and terrorism), restitution and certain assistances under the auspices of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). However, this Act is not yet fully in line with the Declaration, particularly with regard to the right of victims to be present in the criminal justice process to express their views when it comes to their personal interests.
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References
Journals
Aldana-Pindell, R. (2004). An emerging universality of justiciable victims' rights in the criminal process to curtail impunity for state-sponsored crimes. Human Rights Quarterly, 605-686.
Amrullah, M. A. (2002). Politik Hukum Pidana Dalam Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Ekonomi di Bidang Perbankan. Ius Quia Iustum Law Journal, 9(21), 23-43.
Asli, M. R. (2006). Iranian criminal justice system in light of international standards relating to victims. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(2), 185-207.
Bassiouni, M. C. (2006). International Recognition of Victims' Rights. Human Rights Law Review, 6(2), 203-279.
Bawinto, E. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Korban Kejahatan Penyiksaan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014. Lex Et Societatis, 4(2.1).
Buczma, S. R. (2013, September). An overview of the law concerning protection of victims of crime in the view of the adoption of the Directive 2012/29/EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime in the European Union. In ERA Forum (Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 235-250). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Bey, F. (2004). The Implementation of Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power in Indonesia, A Comparative Study. Lex Jurnalica, 2(1), 26.
Bimantara, I. G. A. D., & Sumadi, I. P. S. (2018). Konsep Restitusi Terhadap Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana di Indonesia. Kertha Wicara: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1-5.
Elvandari, S., & Chan, M. L. (2018). A Patient’s Legal Protection as a Victim of Sexual Harassment on Medical Services in Indonesia. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 6(2), 235-252.
Fatoni, S. (2014). Urgensitas Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam Mengungkap Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 26(3), 442-456.
Harahap, I. S. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kejahatan Seksual dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Media Hukum, 23(1), 11.
Jufri, M. (2019). The Roles of Victims in the ICC: Victims’ Protection or the Accused’s Fair Trial Right Violation?. Hasanuddin Law Review, 5(1), 28-40.
Komariah, M. (2015). Perlindungan Hukum Saksi Dan Korban Oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK). Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, 3(2), 229-244.
Mahfud, M. (2014). Extra-Territorial Torture and Inhuman Treatment towards Suspected Terrorists Committed By the UK and the US Military Actions. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 11(2), 218-260.
Marasabessy, F. (2016). Restitusi Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana: Sebuah Tawaran Mekanisme Baru. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 45(1), 53-75.
Natalia, S. (2013). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi Dan Korban Oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi Dan Korban (LPSK). Lex Crimen, 2(2).
Sabrina, N. (2016). Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 7(2), 229-237.
Samendawai, A. H. (2009). Hak-Hak Korban Pelanggaran HAM Yang Berat (Tinjauan Hukum Internasional dan Nasional). Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 16(2), 253-267.
Suhariyanto, B. (2013). Quo Vadis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Melalui Restitusi (Perspektif Filsafat, Teori, Norma dan Praktek Penerapannya). Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 2(1), 109-130.
Suryadi, I. G., & Putrawan, S. (2014). Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Perdagangan Manusia Sebagai Wujud Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Hukum Pidana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 1(1).
Tatawi, M. L. (2015). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi dan Korban (Kajian Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2014). LEX ET SOCIETATIS, 3(7). 41-49.
Wahyuni, S. (2008). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Kejahatan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia. LAW REFORM, 3(2), 82-100.
Wedani, N. P. A. M., & Dananjaya, N. S. (2015). Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Selama Proses Peradilan Pidana. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1-5.
Widiastuti, T. W. (2012). Perlindungan Korban (Saksi) sebagai Sarana Menuju Proses Peradilan Pidana yang Jujur dan Adil. Jurnal Wacana Hukum, 10(2).
Wijaya, I. A., & Purwadi, H. (2018). Pemberian Restitusi sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Korban Tindak Pidana. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, 6(2).
Yulia, R. (2016). Menggugat Pemenuhan Hak Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Masa Lalu. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS, 4(3), 266-278.
Books
Crawshaw, R., & Holmström, L. (2008). 11. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. In Essential Texts on Human Rights for the Police. Brill Nijhoff, pp. 489-495.
Fattah, E. A. (2013). From crime policy to victim policy: The need for a fundamental policy change. Victims of crime and the victimization process, 75.
Fattah, E. A. (1992). The United Nations declaration of basic principles of justice for victims of crime and abuse of power: A constructive critique. In Towards a critical victimology (pp. 401-424). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Harkrisnowo, H. (2007). 13 Victims: the forgotten stakeholders of the Indonesian criminal justice system. Support for victims of crime in Asia, 2, 262.
Melup, I. (2018). The United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Fifty Years and Beyond.
Van Genugten, W., Van Gestel, R., Groenhuijsen, M., & Letschert, R. (2006). Loopholes, risks and ambivalences in international lawmaking: the case of a framework convention on victims' rights. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 37, 109-154.
Thesis
Pratama, A. (2016). Perbandingan Perlindungan Terhadap Saksi dan Korban Kejahatan di Indonesia dan New Zealand. ETD Unsyiah.
Websites:
Hendradi, T. Securing Protection And Cooperation of Witnesses and Whistle-Blowers, Available from: http://www. unafei. or. jp/english/pdf/PDF_GG4_Seminar/Fourth_GGSeminar_P68-75. Pdf. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
Refworld. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power: resolution/adopted by the General Assembly. Available from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f2275b.html. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
United Nations. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, Available from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/107889?ln=en#record-files-collapse-header. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
Aldana-Pindell, R. (2004). An emerging universality of justiciable victims' rights in the criminal process to curtail impunity for state-sponsored crimes. Human Rights Quarterly, 605-686.
Amrullah, M. A. (2002). Politik Hukum Pidana Dalam Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Ekonomi di Bidang Perbankan. Ius Quia Iustum Law Journal, 9(21), 23-43.
Asli, M. R. (2006). Iranian criminal justice system in light of international standards relating to victims. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(2), 185-207.
Bassiouni, M. C. (2006). International Recognition of Victims' Rights. Human Rights Law Review, 6(2), 203-279.
Bawinto, E. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Korban Kejahatan Penyiksaan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014. Lex Et Societatis, 4(2.1).
Buczma, S. R. (2013, September). An overview of the law concerning protection of victims of crime in the view of the adoption of the Directive 2012/29/EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime in the European Union. In ERA Forum (Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 235-250). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Bey, F. (2004). The Implementation of Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power in Indonesia, A Comparative Study. Lex Jurnalica, 2(1), 26.
Bimantara, I. G. A. D., & Sumadi, I. P. S. (2018). Konsep Restitusi Terhadap Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana di Indonesia. Kertha Wicara: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1-5.
Elvandari, S., & Chan, M. L. (2018). A Patient’s Legal Protection as a Victim of Sexual Harassment on Medical Services in Indonesia. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 6(2), 235-252.
Fatoni, S. (2014). Urgensitas Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam Mengungkap Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 26(3), 442-456.
Harahap, I. S. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kejahatan Seksual dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Media Hukum, 23(1), 11.
Jufri, M. (2019). The Roles of Victims in the ICC: Victims’ Protection or the Accused’s Fair Trial Right Violation?. Hasanuddin Law Review, 5(1), 28-40.
Komariah, M. (2015). Perlindungan Hukum Saksi Dan Korban Oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK). Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, 3(2), 229-244.
Mahfud, M. (2014). Extra-Territorial Torture and Inhuman Treatment towards Suspected Terrorists Committed By the UK and the US Military Actions. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 11(2), 218-260.
Marasabessy, F. (2016). Restitusi Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana: Sebuah Tawaran Mekanisme Baru. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 45(1), 53-75.
Natalia, S. (2013). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi Dan Korban Oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi Dan Korban (LPSK). Lex Crimen, 2(2).
Sabrina, N. (2016). Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 7(2), 229-237.
Samendawai, A. H. (2009). Hak-Hak Korban Pelanggaran HAM Yang Berat (Tinjauan Hukum Internasional dan Nasional). Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 16(2), 253-267.
Suhariyanto, B. (2013). Quo Vadis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Melalui Restitusi (Perspektif Filsafat, Teori, Norma dan Praktek Penerapannya). Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 2(1), 109-130.
Suryadi, I. G., & Putrawan, S. (2014). Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Perdagangan Manusia Sebagai Wujud Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Hukum Pidana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 1(1).
Tatawi, M. L. (2015). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi dan Korban (Kajian Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2014). LEX ET SOCIETATIS, 3(7). 41-49.
Wahyuni, S. (2008). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Kejahatan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia. LAW REFORM, 3(2), 82-100.
Wedani, N. P. A. M., & Dananjaya, N. S. (2015). Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Selama Proses Peradilan Pidana. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1-5.
Widiastuti, T. W. (2012). Perlindungan Korban (Saksi) sebagai Sarana Menuju Proses Peradilan Pidana yang Jujur dan Adil. Jurnal Wacana Hukum, 10(2).
Wijaya, I. A., & Purwadi, H. (2018). Pemberian Restitusi sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Korban Tindak Pidana. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, 6(2).
Yulia, R. (2016). Menggugat Pemenuhan Hak Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Masa Lalu. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS, 4(3), 266-278.
Books
Crawshaw, R., & Holmström, L. (2008). 11. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. In Essential Texts on Human Rights for the Police. Brill Nijhoff, pp. 489-495.
Fattah, E. A. (2013). From crime policy to victim policy: The need for a fundamental policy change. Victims of crime and the victimization process, 75.
Fattah, E. A. (1992). The United Nations declaration of basic principles of justice for victims of crime and abuse of power: A constructive critique. In Towards a critical victimology (pp. 401-424). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Harkrisnowo, H. (2007). 13 Victims: the forgotten stakeholders of the Indonesian criminal justice system. Support for victims of crime in Asia, 2, 262.
Melup, I. (2018). The United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Fifty Years and Beyond.
Van Genugten, W., Van Gestel, R., Groenhuijsen, M., & Letschert, R. (2006). Loopholes, risks and ambivalences in international lawmaking: the case of a framework convention on victims' rights. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 37, 109-154.
Thesis
Pratama, A. (2016). Perbandingan Perlindungan Terhadap Saksi dan Korban Kejahatan di Indonesia dan New Zealand. ETD Unsyiah.
Websites:
Hendradi, T. Securing Protection And Cooperation of Witnesses and Whistle-Blowers, Available from: http://www. unafei. or. jp/english/pdf/PDF_GG4_Seminar/Fourth_GGSeminar_P68-75. Pdf. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
Refworld. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power: resolution/adopted by the General Assembly. Available from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f2275b.html. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
United Nations. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, Available from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/107889?ln=en#record-files-collapse-header. (Diakses 14 April 2020).
Published
2020-08-30
How to Cite
MAHFUD, Mahfud.
Crime Victims Protection in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Recent Victim Protection Acts.
Kertha Patrika, [S.l.], v. 42, n. 2, p. 115-131, aug. 2020.
ISSN 2579-9487.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthapatrika/article/view/59041>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2020.v42.i02.p02.
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