Identifikasi Gen Aerolysin dan Sensitivitas Antibiotik Aeromonas Hydrophila Penyebab Kematian Tukik (Lepidochelys olivacea) di Pulau Serangan, Bali (IDENTIFICATION OF AEROLYSIN GENES AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA AS A CAUSE OF LEPIDOCHELYS OLIVACEA DEATH IN SERANGAN ISLAND, BALI)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathogene of Aeromonas hydrophila genes (Aerolysin) as the cause of Lepidochelys olivacea death and to perform the antibiotic sensitivity test for antibiotic that often used in order to provide the best antibiotic treatment in the field case. The method used was the identification test using primary cultures on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Mac Conkey Agar (MCA) medium, then followed by Gram staining, oxidase, catalase, and biochemical tests. Then, aerolysin genes detection was performed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, while oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and kanamycin were tested for their sensitivity. From five samples of dead Lepidochelys olivacea, bleeding on the liver and intestine were observed. The identification result of bacteria was found A. hydrophila, and identified the gene encoding aerolysin. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed a sensitive category of A. hydrophila with a sensitivity level were oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The main cause of Lepidochelys olivacea death in Turtle Conservation and Education Centre, Serangan Island, Bali was A. hydrophila which contains aerolysin genes, in which oxytetracycline seems to be the most effective drug for the treatment.

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan adanya gen patogen (Aerolysin) pada Aeromonas hydrophila sebagai penyebab kematian tukik penyu abu-abu serta mengetahui kepekaan obat antibiotic yang sering digunakan sehingga dapat memberikan terapi yang tepat pada kasus di lapangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah uji identifikasi menggunakan kultur primer pada media Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) dan Mac Conkey Agar (MCA), dilanjutkan uji pewarnaan Gram, uji oksidase, uji katalase, dan uji biokimiawi. Setelah itu dilakukan deteksi gen aerolysin menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), serta dilakukan uji sensitivitas antibiotik oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, dan kanamycin. Dari lima sampel tukik abu-abu yang mati, secara patologi anatomi ditemukan adanya perdarahan pada hati dan usus. Hasil identifikasi bakteri ditemukan adanya A. hydrophila serta teridentifikasi adanya gen penyandi aerolysin. Pada uji sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap A. hydrophila yang ditemukan diketahui urutan sensitivitasnya adalah oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, dan streptomycin. Penyebab utama kematian tukik penyu abu-abu di Turtle Conservation and Education Centre, Pulau Serangan, Bali adalah A. hydrophila yang mengandung gen aerolysin serta obat yang paling efektif adalah oxytetracycline.