The Investigation of Safety Climate Using Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (Nosacq-50): A Case Study at A Paper Industry
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is one of the industries that significantly contributes to the national economy. Indonesia has at least 103 companies in the paper industry sector, with a total paper production capacity of 18.26 million tons per year. The industry has employed 1.36 million workers and generated exports worth USD 7.5 billion in 2021. The paper industry is not only categorized as a labor-intensive industry but also as a high-risk industry. This study aims to analyze the safety climate in the production department of the paper industry in West Java Province, Indonesia. This study involved the participation of 366 individuals in different roles, including managers, supervisors, leaders, officers, and operators, who were interviewed and asked to complete a questionnaire using the NOSACQ-50 method. The NOSACQ-50 method consists of 7 dimensions of safety climate. The results show that all safety climate dimensions scored between 3.38-3.77, which is a perfect level that needs to be maintained and continuously improved. The safety climate score of the paper industry in Indonesia has a similar pattern to the previous research results released by Nordic on its official website but with higher values. The results of this study are consistent with previous research, which posits safety climate as a homogeneous shared perception characteristic of an organization's safety culture.
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References
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Zohar, D. and Luria, G. (2005) ‘A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), pp. 616–628. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.616
Cooper, D. (2002) ‘Surfacing Your Safety Culture’, Human Factors Conference, (March), pp. 1–14. Available at: http://www.behavioral-safety.com/articles/Surfacing_your_safety_culture.pdf.
Cooper, M.D. (2000) ‘Towards a model of safety culture’, Safety Science, 36(2), pp. 111–136. doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00035-7.
Cooper, M.D. and Phillips, R.A. (2004) ‘Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship’, Journal of Safety Research, 35(5), pp. 497–512. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.004.
Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Arbejdsmiljø (2022) Safety Climate Questionnaire - NOSACQ-50. Available at: https://nfa.dk/da/Vaerktoejer/Sporgeskemaer/Safety-Climate-Questionnaire-NOSACQ50 (Accessed: 12 December 2022).
Flin, R. et al. (2000) ‘Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features’, Safety Science, 34(1–3), pp. 177–192. doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00012-6.
Ghozali, I. (2008) Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hall, M.E. et al. (2013) ‘Development of a theory-based safety climate instrument’, Journal of Safety, Health & Environmental Research, 9(1), pp. 58–69.
Health and Safety Executive (1997) The Health and Safety Climate Survey Tool. HSE.
Jarvis, M., Virovere, A. and Tint, P. (2014) ‘Knowledge Management – a Neglected Dimension in Discourse on Safety Management and Safety Culture – Evidence from Estonia’, Safety of Technogenic Environment, 5, p. 5. doi:10.7250/ste.2014.001.
Kiani, M. et al. (2022) ‘Safety climate assessment: a survey in an electric power distribution company’, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(2), pp. 709–715. doi:10.1080/10803548.2020.1870832.
Kines, P. et al. (2011) ‘Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50): A new tool for diagnosing occupational safety climate’, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 41(6), pp. 634–646. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2011.08.004.
Lestari, F. et al. (2020) ‘A safety climate framework for improving health and safety in the Indonesian construction industry’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), pp. 1–20. doi:10.3390/ijerph17207462.
Lin, S.H. et al. (2008) ‘Safety climate measurement at workplace in China: A validity and reliability assessment’, Safety Science, 46(7), pp. 1037–1046. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2007.05.001.
Ma, Q. and Yuan, J. (2009) ‘Exploratory study on safety climate in Chinese manufacturing enterprises’, Safety Science, 47(7), pp. 1043–1046. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2009.01.007.
Marín, L.S. et al. (2019) ‘Perceptions of safety climate across construction personnel: Associations with injury rates’, Safety Science, 118(November 2017), pp. 487–496. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.056.
Milijic, N. et al. (2013) ‘Developing a Questionnaire for Measuring Safety Climate in the Workplace in Serbia’, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE), 19(4), pp. 631–645. doi:10.1080/10803548.2013.11077020.
Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia (1999) Nomor: KEP.187/MEN/1999 - Concerning Control of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace.
Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia (2022) The Profile of Indonesian National Occupational Safety and Health 2022. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia.
Neal, A. and Griffin, M.A. (2002) ‘Safety Climate and Safety Behaviour’, Australian Journal of Management, 27(1_suppl), pp. 67–75. doi:10.1177/031289620202701s08.
Payne, S.C. et al. (2010) ‘Leading and lagging: Process safety climate-incident relationships at one year’, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 23(6), pp. 806–812. doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.004.
Saedi, A.M., Majid, A.A. and Isa, Z. (2021) ‘Evaluation of safety climate differences among employees’ demographic variables: a cross-sectional study in two different-sized manufacturing industries in Malaysia’, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 27(3), pp. 714–727. doi:10.1080/10803548.2019.1623454.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. and Hair, J.F. (2020) Handbook of Market Research: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, Handbook of Market Research. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8.
Sugiyono (2014) Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Susanto, N., Prastawa, H. and Oktaningrum, D.D. (2019) ‘Safety climate assessment of furniture industry: A case study’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 598. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/598/1/012004.
Yousefi, Y. et al. (2016) ‘Validity Assessment of the Persian Version of the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50): A Case Study in a Steel Company’, Safety and Health at Work, 7(4), pp. 326–330. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2016.03.003.
Zakaria, J. et al. (2020) ‘Safety climate factors at selected chemical manufacturing plant in Malaysia’, Process Safety Progress, 39(1), pp. 1–10. doi:10.1002/prs.12096.
Zohar, D. (2000) ‘A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), pp. 587–596. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.587.
Zohar, D. (2010) ‘Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions’, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(5), pp. 1517–1522. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.019.
Zohar, D. and Luria, G. (2005) ‘A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), pp. 616–628. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.616
Published
2024-06-30
How to Cite
RAHDIANA, Nana et al.
The Investigation of Safety Climate Using Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (Nosacq-50): A Case Study at A Paper Industry.
Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Ergonomic), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 01, p. 43-56, june 2024.
ISSN 2503-1716.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jei/article/view/114988>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
