Pengaruh Posisi dan Tipe Ventilasi Kemasan Peti Karton (Corrugated Box) terhadap Mutu Buah Manggis Selama Proses Transportasi dan Penyimpanan
Abstract
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kemasan yang mampu mempertahankan mutu buah manggis pasca transportasi dan selama penyimpanan dalam ruang pendingin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dimana faktor pertama adalah posisi ventilasi, faktor kedua adalah kombinasi tipe ventilasi. Faktor pertama terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu letak ditengah bidang permukaan kemasan (L1) dan tersebar merata dipermukaan kemasan (L2). Faktor kedua terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu tipe bundar seluruhnya (V1) tipe oval seluruhnya (V2) dan kombinasi antara oval dan bundar (V3). Luas dimensi ventilasi yang digunakan untuk seluruh perlakuan adalah sebesar 3,45 % dari total luas kemasan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Kemasan yang digunakan adalah kemasan karton gelombang berkapasitas 5 kg berdimensi 27 cm x 22 cm x 22 cm tipe fullflap dengan pengaturan buah dalam kemasan menggunakan tipe Face Centred Cubic. Pengujian kemasan dilakukan dengan melakukan melakukan transportasi buah manggis dalam kemasan dengan kondisi jalan dalam kota dan jalan buruk beraspal. Parameter pengujian meliputi perhitungan kuat tekan kemasan, sebaran suhu dalam kemasan, nilai total padatan terlarut buah manggis, nilai pH buah dan persentase susut bobot. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, dan apabila terdapat pengaruh perlakuan terhadap parameter yang diamati, maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa interaksi antar perlakuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter mutu susut bobot buah manggis, TPT dan pH buah. Nilai kuat tekan untuk kemasan hasil rancangan dengan dimensi 27 cm x 22 cm x 22 cm adalah sebesar 284 kgf. Perlakuan L1V1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang menghasilkan susut bobot paling rendah yaitu sebesar 2,30% nilai TPT 15.30, pH 2.6 sehingga dapat menjadi kemasan buah manggis yang mampu mempertahankan mutu buah dalam kemasan selama proses transportasi.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to acquire packaging that can uphold the quality of mangosteen fruit while being transported and stored. A Randomized Group Design Factorial method was used, where the first factor is the location of ventilation and the second factor is a combination of ventilation types. The first factor comprises two levels, specifically, the center location of the packaging surface (L1) and a uniform distribution on the surface of the packaging (L2). The second factor comprises three levels: completely round type (V1), completely oval type (V2), and a combination of oval and round (V3). The ventilation dimension for all treatments was 3.45% of the total packaging area. Each treatment was replicated three times. A 5 kg capacity corrugated carton of dimensions 27 cm x 22 cm x 22 cm in the full-flap type was utilized for packaging, with the fruit arranged in the Face Centered Cubic type. Packaging tests were conducted by transporting mangosteen fruits in packaging through the city and on poorly surfaced roads. The testing parameters comprised the determination of packaging's compressive strength, the distribution of temperature within the packaging, the total soluble solids value of the fruits, the pH value of the fruits and the percentage of weight loss. The obtained data were analysed by analysis of variance and if there was an effect of treatment on the observed parameters, the Duncan test was applied. The test results highlight the significant impact of treatment interaction on mangosteen fruit quality parameters including weight loss, TPT, and fruit pH. The packaging design measured at 27cm x 22cm x 22cm demonstrated a compressive strength value of 284 kgf. The treatment which produced the lowest weight loss of 2.30%, a TPT value of 15.30 and pH 2.6, is L1V1. This treatment is optimal for packaging mangosteen fruit, as it is able to maintain the fruit's quality.
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Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian)
