ANALISIS KONSEP DASAR: PENGAKHIRAN LETTER OF INTENT ANTARA INDONESIA-NORWEGIA DALAM KERJASAMA REDD+
Abstract
Siaran pers dari Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengakhiri kerja sama REDD+ dengan Norwegia pada 10 September 2021 telah memunculkan tanda tanya terkait keseriusan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menepati komitmennya melakukan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca yang berasal dari deforestasi dan degradasi lahan. Berbagai diskursus muncul pada siaran pers Pemerintah Indonesia dan artikel berita saat membahas pengakhiran kerja sama REDD+ tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode konsep dasar dan konsep efektivitas rezim, studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi diskursus yang muncul pada periode awal berakhirnya perjanjian tersebut. Dalam studi ini ditemukan bahwa diskursus terkait emisi yang berasal dari sektor energi tidak ditemukan dalam sumber data meskipun sektor energi menjadi penyumbang emisi terbesar. Lebih lanjut, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa salah satu alasan dibalik keputusan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengakhiri perjanjian REDD+ dikarenakan Pemerintah Norwegia tidak memenuhi konsep efektivitas rezim meskipun Pemerintah Indonesia telah memenuhi berbagai capaian dan persyaratan yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya dalam perjanjian
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References
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Köstenberger, S. 2021. Discourses on REDD+, land and people in the Norwegian-Indonesian REDD+ partnership. (Natural Resource Management). Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
Lady, N. 2018. Kerjasama Indonesia - Norwegia melalui Skema Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) dalam Upaya Penyelematan Hutan Indonesia. Global Political Studies Journal, 2(1).
Luttrell, C., Resosudarmo, I. A. P., Muharrom, E., Brockhaus, M., & Seymour, F. 2014. The political context of REDD+ in Indonesia: Constituencies for change. Environmental Science & Policy, 35, 67-75. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.001
Maulana, R. 2021. Indonesia Hentikan Perdagangan Karbon dengan Norwegia. Retrieved from https://www.forestdigest.com/detail/1310/perdagangan-karbon-dengan-norwegia#:~:text=Rama%20Maulana&text=SETELAH%20berlangsung%20selama%2011%20tahun,dalam%20rilis%20pada%20tanggal%20tersebut.
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Moeliono, M., Brockhaus, M., Gallemore, C., Dwisatrio, B., Maharani, C. D., Muharrom, E., & Pham, T. T. 2020. REDD+ in Indonesia: A new mode of governance or just another project?. Forest Policy and Economics, 121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102316
Ningsih, P. C. H. 2019. Diplomasi Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia-Norwegia Melalui REDD+ Agreement. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 83-93. Retrieved from https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/insignia/article/view/1504/1208
Nugroho, S. P. 2019. 99% Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Adalah Ulah Manusia. Retrieved from https://bnpb.go.id/berita/99-penyebab-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-adalah-ulah-manusia.
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Puspa, A. 2021a. DPR: Pengakhiran Kerja Sama REDD+ RI-Norwegia Jangan Rugikan Posisi Negara Media Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/432684/dpr-pengakhiran-kerja-sama-redd-ri-norwegia-jangan-rugikan-posisi-negara
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Satwika, W. F. 2020. Komitmen Indonesia dalam Mematuhi Perjanjian Kerjasama REDD+ Indonesia-Norwegia terhadap Upaya Penanganan Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan di Indonesia. Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 288-298. doi:https://doi.org/10/14710/jirud.v6i2.27283
Trӕdal, L. T., Vedeld, P. O., & Pétursson, J. G. 2016. Analyzing the transformations of forest PES in Vietnam: Implications for REDD+ Forest Policy and Economics, 62, 109-117. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.11.001
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Winarto, Y. 2021. Indonesia akhiri kerja sama REDD+ dengan Norwegia. kontan.co.id. Retrieved from https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/indonesia-akhiri-kerja-sama-redd-dengan-norwegia
World Resources Institute. 2022. Forests and Lanscapes in Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.wri.org/initiatives/forests-and-landscapes-indonesia#
Aquino, A., & Guay, B. 2013. Implementing REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An analysis of the emerging national REDD+ governance structure. Forest Policy and Economics, 36, 71-79. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.04.003
Arifa, S. N. 2021. Meski Kerja Sama REDD+ dengan Norwegia Berakhir, Indonesia Tetap Konsisten Lindungi Hutan. Retrieved from https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/09/15/meski-kerja-sama-redd-dengan-norwegia-berakhir-indonesia-tetap-konsisten-lindungi-hutan.
Arumingtyas, L. 2021. Kala Indonesia Akhiri Kerja Sama Tekan Emisi dan Deforestasi dengan Norwegia. Retrieved from https://www.mongabay.co.id/2021/09/14/kala-indonesia-akhiri-kerja-sama-tekan-emisi-dan-deforestasi-dengan-norwegia/.
Astuti, R., & McGregor, A. 2015. Governing carbon, transforming forest politics: A case study of Indonesia's REDD+ Task Force. Asia Pasific Viewpoint, 56(1), 21-36.
Austin, K., Gingold, B., & Stolle, F. 2010. Bagaimana Kerjasama Hutan Indonesia-Norwegia Kedepannya? Retrieved from https://wri-indonesia.org/id/blog/what%E2%80%99s-next-indonesia-norway-cooperation-forests
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2022a. Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca menurut Jenis Sektor (ribu ton CO2e), 2000-2019. In.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2022b. Luas Kawasan Hutan dan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Indonesia Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. In: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Bae, J. S. 2013. Indonesia's REDD+ National Strategy between Ideal and Reality. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 102(2), 189-197.
Brown, D., & MacLellan, M. 2020. A Multiscalar and Justice-Led Analysis of REDD+ : A Case Study of the Norwegian-Ethiopian Partnership. Global Environmental Politics, 20(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00536
Casse, T., Milhøj, A., Nielsen, M. R., Meilby, H., & Rochmayanto, Y. 2019. Lost in implementation?: REDD+ country readiness experiences in Indonesia and Vietnam. Climate and Development, 11(9). doi:10.1080/17565529.2018.1562870
Cronin, T., Santoso, L., Di Gregorio, M., Brockhaus, M., Mardiah, S., & Muharrom, E. 2016. Moving consensus and managing expectations: media and REDD+ in Indonesia. Climatic Change, 137, 57-70. doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1563-3
Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim - Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2017. Kerjasama REDD+ Indonesia - Norwegia. Retrieved from http://ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id/kcpi/index.php/hasil-kerjasama/254-kerjasama-redd-indonesia-norwegia.
Enrici, A., & Hubacek, K. 2019. A Crisis of Confidence: Stakeholder Experiences of REDD+ in Indonesia. Human Ecology, 47, 39-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0045-z
Ewing, J. J. 2011. Forests, Food and Fuel: REDD+ and Indonesia's Land-use Conundrum. Asia Security Initiative Policy Series Working Paper No. 19. Singapore.
Germanwatch e.V. 2022. Indonesia. Retrieved from https://ccpi.org/country/idn/.
Haeda, N., Cangara, A. R., Culla, A. S., Burhanuddin, Lumumba, P., & Apriliani, A. 2020. Indonesia-Norway cooperation in reducing emission from deforestation and degradation framework: a case study of Central Kalimantan forest. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Humphreys, D. 2013. Deforestation. In R. Falkner (Ed.), The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Ilmiah, N. F. 2018. Mengkaji Program REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation) Plus dalam Kerjasama Norwegia dengan Indonesia. Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Retrieved from https://repository.unair.ac.id/68039/
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. 2021. Indonesia akhiri Kerja Sama REDD+ dengan Norwegia [Press release]. Retrieved from https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2912/berita/indonesia-akhiri-kerja-sama-redd-dengan-norwegia.
Korhonen-Kurki, K., Brockhaus, M., Muharrom, E., Juhola, S., Moeliono, M., Maharani, C. D., & Dwisatrio, B. 2017. Analyzing REDD+ as an experiment of transformative climate governance: Insights from Indonesia. Environmental Science & Policy, 73, 61-70. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.03.014
Köstenberger, S. 2021. Discourses on REDD+, land and people in the Norwegian-Indonesian REDD+ partnership. (Natural Resource Management). Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
Lady, N. 2018. Kerjasama Indonesia - Norwegia melalui Skema Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) dalam Upaya Penyelematan Hutan Indonesia. Global Political Studies Journal, 2(1).
Luttrell, C., Resosudarmo, I. A. P., Muharrom, E., Brockhaus, M., & Seymour, F. 2014. The political context of REDD+ in Indonesia: Constituencies for change. Environmental Science & Policy, 35, 67-75. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.10.001
Maulana, R. 2021. Indonesia Hentikan Perdagangan Karbon dengan Norwegia. Retrieved from https://www.forestdigest.com/detail/1310/perdagangan-karbon-dengan-norwegia#:~:text=Rama%20Maulana&text=SETELAH%20berlangsung%20selama%2011%20tahun,dalam%20rilis%20pada%20tanggal%20tersebut.
McNeill, D. 2015. Norway and REDD+ in Indonesia: The Art of Not Governing?. Forum for Development Studies, 42(1), 113-132. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2014.997791
Moeliono, M., Brockhaus, M., Gallemore, C., Dwisatrio, B., Maharani, C. D., Muharrom, E., & Pham, T. T. 2020. REDD+ in Indonesia: A new mode of governance or just another project?. Forest Policy and Economics, 121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102316
Ningsih, P. C. H. 2019. Diplomasi Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia-Norwegia Melalui REDD+ Agreement. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 83-93. Retrieved from https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/insignia/article/view/1504/1208
Nugroho, S. P. 2019. 99% Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Adalah Ulah Manusia. Retrieved from https://bnpb.go.id/berita/99-penyebab-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-adalah-ulah-manusia.
O'Neill, K. 2009. The Environment and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Orim, R. 2020. Indonesia Has Seen a Whopping 313% Increase in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Since 1990. Retrieved from https://www.climatescorecard.org/2020/12/indonesia-has-seen-a-whopping-313-increase-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-since-1990/.
Puspa, A. 2021a. DPR: Pengakhiran Kerja Sama REDD+ RI-Norwegia Jangan Rugikan Posisi Negara Media Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/432684/dpr-pengakhiran-kerja-sama-redd-ri-norwegia-jangan-rugikan-posisi-negara
Puspa, A. 2021b. Menteri LHK Jelaskan Pengakhiran Kerja Sama REDD+ Indonesia-Norwegia. Media Indonesia. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/434495/menteri-lhk-jelaskan-pengakhiran-kerja-sama-redd-indonesia-norwegia
Reichardt, R. 2016. For a Socio-historical Semantics as a Middle Course between 'Lexicometry' and 'Conceptual History'. In Global Conceptual History: A Reader (1 ed., pp. 75-104). London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Satwika, W. F. 2020. Komitmen Indonesia dalam Mematuhi Perjanjian Kerjasama REDD+ Indonesia-Norwegia terhadap Upaya Penanganan Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan di Indonesia. Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 288-298. doi:https://doi.org/10/14710/jirud.v6i2.27283
Trӕdal, L. T., Vedeld, P. O., & Pétursson, J. G. 2016. Analyzing the transformations of forest PES in Vietnam: Implications for REDD+ Forest Policy and Economics, 62, 109-117. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.11.001
UN Environment Programme. 2021. State of the climate: Climate Action Note - data you need to know. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/climate-action/what-we-do/climate-action-note/state-of-climate.html?gclid=CjwKCAiA9qKbBhAzEiwAS4yeDYT1pLXwZfhjyLCkCVSe-ZyojFLLZ7x9I4S3Wehh06etFyYPS-bU8RoC4jcQAvD_BwE.
United Nations Climate Change. 2018. What is REDD+? Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/redd/what-is-redd?gclid=CjwKCAjwvsqZBhAlEiwAqAHElTdzPDqqgEfYXyGHu4Qbk0F6ZIRvQLn2TisPl83-9DLLkFC2Qkt9YxoCgVIQAvD_BwE.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data.
VOA Indonesia. 2021. Indonesia Akhiri Pakta Deforestasi dengan Norwegia. Retrieved from https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/indonesia-akhiri-pakta-deforestasi-dengan-norwegia/6223221.html.
Winarto, Y. 2021. Indonesia akhiri kerja sama REDD+ dengan Norwegia. kontan.co.id. Retrieved from https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/indonesia-akhiri-kerja-sama-redd-dengan-norwegia
World Resources Institute. 2022. Forests and Lanscapes in Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.wri.org/initiatives/forests-and-landscapes-indonesia#
Published
2023-07-21
How to Cite
RAHMADAN, Yanuar.
ANALISIS KONSEP DASAR: PENGAKHIRAN LETTER OF INTENT ANTARA INDONESIA-NORWEGIA DALAM KERJASAMA REDD+.
Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Sosiopolitika, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 28-45, july 2023.
ISSN 2685-4570.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/widya/article/view/99251>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JIWSP.2023.v05.i01.p03.
Section
Articles
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Diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Udayana
