KOMITMEN BRAZIL DALAM MENDORONG PERDAGANGAN AGRIKULTUR GLOBAL GUNA MENJAGA KETERSEDIAAN PASOKAN PANGAN DIMASA PANDEMI
Abstract
Seluruh dunia sedang mengalami perubahan signifikan disebabkan oleh adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang mulai merebak dari China di akhir tahun 2019. Negara-bangsa serentak melakukan kebijakan penanganan yang sama, yaitu lockdown maupun pembatasan mobilisasi domestik dan mancanegara. Namun, kebijakan ini membawa dampak yang cukup buruk khususnya pada sektor perekonomian domestik maupun perdagangan global. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, ditemukan bahwa Brazil berusaha untuk mendorong perdagangan global ketimbang melakukan proteksionisme perdagangan karena pemenuhan kebutuhan hanya akan tercapai apabila pasar dibuka secara bebas dan tak dibatasi. Terutama disektor agrikultur yang memiliki posisi penting dalam menjaga pasokan pangan global. Oleh karenanya, komitmen Brazil dalam menjaga perdagangan agrikultur tertuang dalam laporan WTO tertanggal 29 Mei 2020.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design : Pendekatan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Masoed, M. (2014). Ekonomi politik internasional dan pembangunan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Robert Jackson & Georg Sorensen. (2013). Introduction to international relations (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Scott Burchill & Andrew Linklater. (2016). Teori-teori hubungan internasional. Bandung: Nusa Media.
WHO. (2020, Oktober 12). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Diambil kembali dari World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
WHO. (2020, Juni 29). Listings of WHO's response to COVID-19. Diambil kembali dari World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline
WTO. (2020). Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic with open and predictable trade in agricultural and food products. Worl Trade Organization.
AMIS. (2021). Market Monitor.
Daghriri, T., & Ozmen, O. (2021). Quantifying the Effects of Social Distancing on the Spread of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115566
De Carvalho, C. A., De Almeida Fonseca Viola, P. C., & Sperandio, N. (2021). How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? Public Health Nutrition, 24(3), 561–564. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020003973
Dutz, M. A. (2018). Brazil ’ s Productivity Agenda. The World Bank.
ECLAC. (2020). Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013. In Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean. http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/3/50483/P50483.xml&xsl=/publicaciones/ficha-i.xsl&base=/publicaciones/top_publicaciones-i.xsl#
Espitia, A., Rocha, N., & Ruta, M. (2020). Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets. In Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets (Issue May). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9253
Fox, J. (2007). The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469955
Gray, R. S. (2020). Agriculture, transportation, and the COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 239–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12235
Hayakawa, K., & Mukunoki, H. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on international trade: Evidence from the first shock. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 60, 101135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2021.101135
Helble, M., Shepherd, B., & Wilson, J. S. (2009). Transparency and regional integration in the Asia Pacific. World Economy, 32(3), 479–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01170.x
ILO. (2020). The effects of COVID‑19 on trade and global supply chains. In Research brief (Issue March).
James, P. E. (2021, May 31). Brazil | History, Map, Culture, Population, & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil
Keohane, R., & Nye, J. (2012). Power and Interdependence (4th ed.). Longman.
Louhichi, W., Ftiti, Z., & Ameur, H. Ben. (2021). Measuring the global economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak: Evidence from the main cluster countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120732
Morgan, A. K., Awafo, B. A., & Quartey, T. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on global economic output and sustainability: evidence from around the world and lessons for redress. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 17(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1860345
MSF. (2021, April 15). Failed coronavirus response drives Brazil to humanitarian catastrophe | MSF. MSF. https://www.msf.org/failed-coronavirus-response-drives-brazil-humanitarian-catastrophe
Oktaviano, A., & Waluyo, T. J. (2017). Peran World Trade Organization (WTO) dalam menyelesaikan sengketa perdagangan daging sapi Antara Amerika-Indonesia Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau, 4(2), 239–241.
Santander Trade Markets. (2021, May). Brazilian foreign trade in figures. Santander Trade Markets. https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/brazil/foreign-trade-in-figures
Turnes, P. B., & Ernst, R. (2015). A framework for transparency in international trade. Investigaciones Europeas de Direccion y Economia de La Empresa, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.01.001
Verma, P., Dumka, A., Bhardwaj, · Anuj, Ashok, A., Mukesh, ·, Kestwal, C., & Kumar, · Praveen. (2021). A Statistical Analysis of Impact of COVID19 on the Global Economy and Stock Index Returns. SN Computer Science, 2, 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00410-w
World Bank. (2020). COVID 19 in Brazil. In COVID 19 in Brazil. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/34223
World Bank. (2021, April 6). Brazil Overview. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview#2
WTO. (2020). Supporting the timely and efficient release of global goods through accelerated implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. In World: Vol. G/TFA/W/25.
Masoed, M. (2014). Ekonomi politik internasional dan pembangunan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Robert Jackson & Georg Sorensen. (2013). Introduction to international relations (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Scott Burchill & Andrew Linklater. (2016). Teori-teori hubungan internasional. Bandung: Nusa Media.
WHO. (2020, Oktober 12). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Diambil kembali dari World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
WHO. (2020, Juni 29). Listings of WHO's response to COVID-19. Diambil kembali dari World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline
WTO. (2020). Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic with open and predictable trade in agricultural and food products. Worl Trade Organization.
AMIS. (2021). Market Monitor.
Daghriri, T., & Ozmen, O. (2021). Quantifying the Effects of Social Distancing on the Spread of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115566
De Carvalho, C. A., De Almeida Fonseca Viola, P. C., & Sperandio, N. (2021). How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? Public Health Nutrition, 24(3), 561–564. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020003973
Dutz, M. A. (2018). Brazil ’ s Productivity Agenda. The World Bank.
ECLAC. (2020). Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013. In Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean. http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/3/50483/P50483.xml&xsl=/publicaciones/ficha-i.xsl&base=/publicaciones/top_publicaciones-i.xsl#
Espitia, A., Rocha, N., & Ruta, M. (2020). Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets. In Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets (Issue May). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9253
Fox, J. (2007). The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469955
Gray, R. S. (2020). Agriculture, transportation, and the COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 239–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12235
Hayakawa, K., & Mukunoki, H. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on international trade: Evidence from the first shock. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 60, 101135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2021.101135
Helble, M., Shepherd, B., & Wilson, J. S. (2009). Transparency and regional integration in the Asia Pacific. World Economy, 32(3), 479–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01170.x
ILO. (2020). The effects of COVID‑19 on trade and global supply chains. In Research brief (Issue March).
James, P. E. (2021, May 31). Brazil | History, Map, Culture, Population, & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil
Keohane, R., & Nye, J. (2012). Power and Interdependence (4th ed.). Longman.
Louhichi, W., Ftiti, Z., & Ameur, H. Ben. (2021). Measuring the global economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak: Evidence from the main cluster countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120732
Morgan, A. K., Awafo, B. A., & Quartey, T. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on global economic output and sustainability: evidence from around the world and lessons for redress. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 17(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1860345
MSF. (2021, April 15). Failed coronavirus response drives Brazil to humanitarian catastrophe | MSF. MSF. https://www.msf.org/failed-coronavirus-response-drives-brazil-humanitarian-catastrophe
Oktaviano, A., & Waluyo, T. J. (2017). Peran World Trade Organization (WTO) dalam menyelesaikan sengketa perdagangan daging sapi Antara Amerika-Indonesia Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau, 4(2), 239–241.
Santander Trade Markets. (2021, May). Brazilian foreign trade in figures. Santander Trade Markets. https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/brazil/foreign-trade-in-figures
Turnes, P. B., & Ernst, R. (2015). A framework for transparency in international trade. Investigaciones Europeas de Direccion y Economia de La Empresa, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.01.001
Verma, P., Dumka, A., Bhardwaj, · Anuj, Ashok, A., Mukesh, ·, Kestwal, C., & Kumar, · Praveen. (2021). A Statistical Analysis of Impact of COVID19 on the Global Economy and Stock Index Returns. SN Computer Science, 2, 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00410-w
World Bank. (2020). COVID 19 in Brazil. In COVID 19 in Brazil. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/34223
World Bank. (2021, April 6). Brazil Overview. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview#2
WTO. (2020). Supporting the timely and efficient release of global goods through accelerated implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. In World: Vol. G/TFA/W/25.
Published
2022-07-11
How to Cite
ZHAFRAN, Muhammad Yafi; PAKSI, Arie Kusuma.
KOMITMEN BRAZIL DALAM MENDORONG PERDAGANGAN AGRIKULTUR GLOBAL GUNA MENJAGA KETERSEDIAAN PASOKAN PANGAN DIMASA PANDEMI.
Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Sosiopolitika, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 55-66, july 2022.
ISSN 2685-4570.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/widya/article/view/74927>. Date accessed: 20 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JIWSP.2022.v04.i01.p05.
Section
Articles
1.png)
3.png)
Diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Udayana
