Taman Indonesia Kaya sebagai Ruang Terbuka Publik di Semarang Berdasarkan Kebutuhan Pengguna
Abstract
Open space is an important element of an urban area as well as to its urban community. It is often a public space whose inherent functions are to accommodate both recreation and relaxation related activities. The provision of public open space is fundamental, not only for these roles but also as part of significant deed in the development of urban character. Taking Taman Indonesia Kaya of Kota Semarang of Java Island in Indonesia, as its case study, this paper goes back to 47 years ago, when this public space was re-made up. Prior to its make-over, this park had been named after Taman Minister Supeno. The park was often associated with negative images which were rather unfortunate, considering its location in the heart of Semarang’s Town Centre. This study aims to examine in depth the basic elements of Taman Indonesia Kaya as a public space. This research implements a qualitative research method supported by field observation and literature review. The transformation of Taman Indonesia Kaya has indeed provided a significant change in its physical quality, which in turn has brought continuous improvement to its capacity to serve public needs. This includes the provision of spatial elements of public space that deliver comfort, relaxation, passive and active engagements, as well as discovery. Although each of these attributes may not be endowed with an individual physical element, the overall functions associated with Taman Indonesia Kaya as a public space is maintained.
Keywords: Taman Indonesia Kaya; open space; public space
Abstrak
Ruang terbuka sebagai salah satu elemen perancangan kota menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat dalam perannya sebagai ruang rekreasi dan relaksasi. Dengan demikian pemenuhan persyaratan utama sebuah ruang terbuka publik menjadi satu hal yang harus terpenuhi agar ruang tersebut mampu mewadahi aktivitas masyarakat, berkarakter dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Sejak awal pembangunannya 47 tahun silam, sebelum nama Taman Indonesia Kaya disematkan, Taman Menteri Supeno merupakan salah satu taman kota yang identik dengan citra negatif. Kondisi tersebut sangat disayangkan mengingat lokasinya berada pada jantung Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kriteria ruang terbuka publik berdasarkan kebutuhan pengguna Taman Indonesia Kaya. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini akan memberikan manfaat berupa gagasan baru dalam peningkatan kualitas Taman Indonesia Kaya melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar pengguna taman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang mendeskripsikan fenomena pada lokasi studi berdasarkan observasi langsung dan studi literatur. Transformasi Taman Menteri Supeno menjadi Taman Indonesia Kaya memberikan perubahan signifikan bagi kualitas fisik ruang terbuka publik yang berdampak pada peningkatan image taman. Kriteria dasar kebutuhan pengguna di ruang terbuka publik; comfort, relaxation, passive engagement, active engagement, dan discovery secara umum telah terpenuhi pada Taman Indonesia Kaya. Meskipun pada area tertentu ditemukan adanya overlapping dua hingga tiga kriteria, kondisi tersebut tidak merubah fungsi utama taman sebagai ruang terbuka publik.
Kata kunci: Taman Indonesia Kaya; ruang terbuka; ruang publik
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