KAJIAN PROPORSI CANDI TEBING GUNUNG KAWI, TAMPAKSIRING-GIANYAR
Abstract
Abstract
The term ''candi'' in Indonesia generally refers to sacred buildings, legacies of Hindu-Budha Kingdoms. Candi is often considered a masterpiece erected based on certain architectural guidelines including those pertaining to site selection and proportion. Rock cut candi is one among many forms of structure found in certain areas across the Nusantara. In its objective to study the proportion of a rock cut candi, this article takes Gunung Kawi of Gianyar Regency-Bali, as a case study. The study analyzes the proportion of its physical elements, which are classified into three groups: leg; body; and head elements. Each category is constructed of lower, body and upper frame. This research implements Manasara-Silpasastra principles in regard to proportion of sacred structures. Manasara-Silpasastra proposes five categories of ratio of width to height, which are santika, paushtika, parshnika/jayada, adbhuta, and sarvakamika (Acharya, 1927). The research finds that the proportion between width and height at Gunung Kawi Rock Cut Candi falls into the category of paushtika. This is reflected in the ratio of its height to the width of its foot, which is 2:1.
Keywords: Rock cut candi, physical elements of candi, proportion, Manasara-Silpasastra
Abstrak
Istilah 'candi' di Indonesia diartikan sebagai bangunan suci, peninggalan kerajaan Hindu-Budha. Candi seringkali dipandang sebagai peninggalan yang dibangun berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip kearsitekturan, termasuk yang berkenaan dengan pemilihan site, rasio, dan proporsi. Dalam tujuannya untuk mengkaji proporsi dari sebuah candi, artikel ini mengambil Candi Tebing Gunung Kawi (Kabpaten Gianyar) sebagai studi kasus. Candi tebing merupakan salah satu struktur yang hanya ditemukan di beberapa lokasi tertentu di Nusantara. Studi ini mengkaji elemen fisik candi yang dibagi dalam tiga kelompok elemen, yaitu kaki, badan, dan kepala. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari bagian badan dan bagian atas. Dalam penghitungan proporsi candi, penelitian ini mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip Manasara-Silpasastra, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan bangunan suci. Manasara-Silpasastra menawarkan lima kategori proporsi lebar terhadap tinggi dari sebuah candi, yaitu: santika, paushtika, parshnika/jayada, adbhuta, dan sarvakamika (Acharya, 1927). Untuk kasus Candi Gunung Kawi ditemukan bahwa rasio antara tinggi dan lebar dasar candi mengikuti prinsip paushtika: 2:1.
Kata kunci: Candi tebing, elemen pembentuk candi, proporsi, Manasara-SilpasastraDownloads
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