Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis tentang Arsitektur Nusantara: Definisi, Posisi, dan Persepsi Audiens Ilmiah
Abstract
The study of Nusantara Architecture has been a subject of debate since it was first introduced. To this day, the concept continues to spark controversy, particularly among many academic audiences who view it as a representation of old local architecture rather than a body of design knowledge. This research aims to examine the definition and position of Nusantara Architecture further and explore the perceptions of academic audiences regarding the concept based on existing literature. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study builds upon previous research that analyzed trends in Nusantara Architecture studies and provides deeper insight into how this architecture is perceived and defined in academic discourse. The findings indicate that the definition of Nusantara Architecture lies in the formal aspects of traditional architecture, specifically in its design knowledge. In relation to Western architecture, it distinguishes itself from both traditional and vernacular architecture. However, it cannot fully detach from the knowledge of these two forms, which contribute to its development. The majority of academic audiences perceive its definition and position differently, focusing more on its material aspects.
Keywords: nusantara architecture; traditional architecture; vernacular architecture; systematic literature review
Abstrak
Penelitian mengenai Arsitektur Nusantara telah menjadi topik perdebatan sejak awal diperkenalkan. Hingga saat ini, konsep ini masih menimbulkan polemik, khususnya bagi audiens ilmiah yang tetap memandangnya sebagai representasi dari arsitektur lokal lama ketimbang kumpulan pemahaman perancangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut definisi dan posisi Arsitektur Nusantara dan mengeksplorasi persepsi audiens ilmiah terhadap konsep tersebut berdasarkan literatur yang ada. Dengan melakukan tinjauan literatur secara sistematis, penelitian ini melanjutkan studi sebelumnya yang membahas tren penelitian Arsitektur Nusantara, serta memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana arsitektur ini dipersepsikan dan didefinisikan dalam wacana ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa definisi Arsitektur Nusantara terletak pada objek formal arsitektur tradisional, yakni pengetahuan perancangan. Selain dengan arsitektur barat, ia juga membedakan posisinya terhadap arsitektur tradisional dan vernakular. Namun ia tidak bisa benar-benar lepas dari pengetahuan keduanya yang ikut membangunnya. Persepsi mayoritas audiens ilmiahnya menunjukkan anggapan berbeda dari definisi dan posisi itu, yakni pada objek materialnya.
Kata kunci: arsitektur nusantara; arsitektur tradisional; arsitektur vernakular; tinjauan literatur sistematis
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