Informal City: Paradigma Baru menuju Kota Inklusif dan Berkelanjutan
Abstract
Cities, with their numerous activities and facilities, have inevitably driven urbanization. The World Bank notes that in 2022, 57% of the world's population live in urban areas, which is predicted to continue to increase, especially in developing countries. While urbanization has a positive impact on economic growth, it also brings negative consequences, such as informal settlement. Urban informal settlements are typically located along the riverbanks, railway lines, and on lands without legal rights. They often have limited access to basic infrastructures and services, such as clean water, sanitation, waste management, etc. This research examines the boundaries of formality, the concept of informality, the characteristics of informal cities, and the relationship between informal cities and the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The NUA aims to address urban planning challenges by prioritizing inclusive urban development, including improving the quality of informal settlements to enhance the quality of life in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of 11 (SDGs 11). This study used a qualitative approach by reviewing relevant sources, including articles, books, laws, regulations, and others. Study results highlight the importance of incorporating the interests of informal urban communities into the formal planning process to promote inclusiveness in urban development.
Keywords: urbanization; informality; informal city; new urban agenda; inclusive
Abstrak
Kota dengan beragam aktivitas dan fasilitasnya secara tidak terelakan telah mendorong terjadinya urbanisasi. Bank Dunia mencatat bahwa di tahun 2022, 57% penduduk dunia tinggal di kota, dan angka ini diprediksi akan meningkat, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Urbanisasi selain membawa dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, juga menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti misalnya permukiman informal. Permukiman informal perkotaan umumnya berlokasi di bantaran sungai, pinggiran rel kereta api, dan di atas lahan yang tidak memiliki kejelesan hak atas lahan. Permukiman semacam seringkali memiliki keterbatasan layanan dan infrastruktur dasar, seperti air bersih, sanitasi, persampahan, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji batasan formalitas, konsep informalitas dan karakteristik kota informal, serta keterkaitannya terhadap Agenda Baru Perkotaan (New Urban Agenda (NUA)). NUA ditujukan untuk mengatasi tantangan perencanaan kota dengan mengedepankan pembangunan perkotaan inklusif, termasuk peningkatan kualitas permukiman informal guna meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat sesuai dengan tujuan ke-11 SDGs. Studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian sumber literatur yang relevan, termasuk artikel ilmiah, buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan berbagai sumber lain. Hasil studi menekankan pada perlunya mengakomodasi kepentingan komunitas informal kota dalam proses perencanaan formal sebagai wujud inklusivitas dalam pembangunan perkotaan.
Kata kunci: urbanisasi; informalitas; kota informal; agenda baru perkotaan; inklusif
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