Job Crafting dan Work Engagement pada Wanita Karir
Abstract
Abstrak
Perkembangan era digital dan globalisasi membawa dampak kenaikan tenaga kerja wanita di Indonesia yang terserap di beberapa sektor industri, khususnya sektor formal. Pekerja wanita di sektor formal cenderung memiliki aturan yang lebih mengikat. Aturan yang mengikat dan tuntutan untuk mengurus pekerjaan rumah seringkali membuat perempuan lebih bermasalah dalam bekerja. Oleh karena itu wanita bekerja menerapkan job crafting untuk menumbuhkan motivasi, lebih berkembang, profesional, dan lebih engage dengan pekerjaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara job crafting dan work engagement pada wanita karir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode uji korelasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita karir yang bekerja di sektor formal di PT. X yang telah bekerja minimal 1 tahun (n=86) yang diperoleh melalui teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Skala Job Crafting dan Skala Work Engagement. Hasil analisis dengan analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh koefisien regresi sebesar 0,345 (p<0,050). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan positif signifikan antara job crafting dan work engagement pada wanita karir di PT.X.
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References
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Alkasim, M. A., & Prahara, S. A. (2019). Perceived Organizational Support dengan Employee Engagement pada Karyawan. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4, 185–194.
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Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534.
Bakker, A. B. (2018). Job crafting among health care professionals: The role of work engagement. Journal of Nursing Management, 26(3), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12551.
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). A handbook of esseential theory and research work engagement. Psychology Press.
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2014). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471.
Cahyana, K. S., & Prahara, S. A. (2020). Work Engagement dengan Intensi Turnover pada Karyawan. Intuisi Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 12(3), 285.
Carnegie, D. (2017). Hanya 25 persen millennials yang setia kepada perusahaan. Dale Carnegie. https://www.dalecarnegie.id/sumberdaya/media/media-coverage/hanya-25-persen-millennials-yang-setia-kepada-perusahaan/.
Chrisnatalia, M., & Farren, C. (2020). Work engagement pada wanita karir (studi desktiptif). UG Jurnal, 14, 22–27.
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364.
Dalilah, F. (2021). Analisis terhadap partisipasi kerja perempuan pada sektor formal di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah.
Daly, J. (2019). Gender and job crafting: Understanding the role of gendered behaviours in the abilities and motivations to proactively craft work. BAM2019 Conference Proceedings, 1–12.
De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., De Witte, H., Niesen, W., & Van Hootegem, G. (2014). On the relation of job insecurity, job autonomy, innovative work behaviour and the mediating effect of work engagement. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(3), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12079.
Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000188.
Fuad, M. S., & Luturlean, B. S. (2021). Pengaruh jam kerja dan prokrastinasi terhadap produktivitas di kantor Kelurahan Mekarmulya. Jurnal Sistems, 8(6), 8626.
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Letona-ibañez, O., Martinez-rodriguez, S., Ortiz-marques, N., Carrasco, M., & Amillano, A. (2021). Job crafting and work engagement: The mediating role of work meaning. Environtmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105383.
Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement : tools for analysis, practice and competitive advantage (1st ed.). A John Wiley & Sons.
Mastenbroek, N. J. J. M., Jaarsma, A. D. C., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A., van Beukelen, P., & Demerouti, E. (2014). The role of personal resources in explaining well-being and performance: A study among young veterinary professionals. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.728040.
Maswita. (2017). Wanita bekerja dan mengatur keperluan keluarga. Jurnal Penelitian, Pemikiran, Dan Pengabdian, 5(2), 53–59.
Michelle, & Rostiana. (2020). Pengaruh keterikatan kerja, iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT XYZ. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(5), 191–198.
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Muhammad, I. (2019). Wanita karir dalam pandangan islam. Al Wardah : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender Dan Agama, 13(1), 99–108.
Mustar, E. E. (2007). Sumber daya manusia perempuan Indonesia. Populasi, 18(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12082.
Najla, E. A., & Prakoso, H. (2022). Pengaruh job crafting terhadap work engagement pada karyawan bagian sales Bank X. Jurnal Riset Psikologi Unisba, 2(1), 53–60.
Palundun, R. A. (2021). Hubungan antara job crafting dengan komitmen organisasi pada anggota polisi di Manado. Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta.
Prahara, S. A., Dewi, R. P., & Astuti. (2021). The Millennials: Adversity Intelligence and Work Engagement. JPAI (Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 4(3), 71–76. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JoPaI.
Prahara, S. A., Dewi, R. P., & Astuti, K. (2020). Work engagement ditinjau dari career adaptability pada karyawan milenial. Prosiding Psikologi, 4(1), 1–10.
Prahara, S. A., & Hidayat, S. (2020). Budaya organisasi dengan work engagement pada karyawan. Jurnal RAP (Riset Aktual Psikologi Universitas Negeri Padang), 10(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.24036/rapun.v10i2.106977.
Pri, R., & Zamralita, Z. (2018). Gambaran work engagement pada karyawan di PT EG (manufacturing industry). Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 1(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.981.
Rahardini, R., & Frianto, A. (2020). Hubungan job crafting terhadap keterikatan kerja melalui kepuasan kerja. BIMA : Journal of Business and Innovation Management, 3(1), 73–85.
Rakhim, A. F. (2020). Factors that cause work engagement in the millennial performance in bumn: faktor- faktor penyebab work engagement pada angkatan kerja millennial di bumn. Proceeding of The ICECRS: Educational and Psychological Conference in the 4.0 Era, 8, 1–8.
Ramadhan, A. J., Prakoso, H., & Putera, V. S. (2020). Pengaruh job crafting terhadap work engagement pada karyawan PT.X. Prosiding Psikologi, 6(2), 889–896.
Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Work engagement: what do we know and where do we go? Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000002301006.
Slemp, G. R. (2016). Job crafting. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-Based Approaches at Work, 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118977620.ch19.
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Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan r&d. Alfabeta.
Susilo, D. F. Z., & Prahara, S. A. (2019). Work-family enrichment dan work engagement pada karyawan yang sudah menikah. Mediapsi, 5(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2019.005.02.5.
Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.
Wantini, & Kurniati. (2013). Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi wanita bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik garmen di PT. Ameya Living Style Indonesia. JESI (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia), 3(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.21927/jesi.2013.3(1).63-76.
Wrzesniewski, A., Berg, J. M., & Dutton, J. E. (2007). What is job crafting and why does it matter? associate professor of organizational behavior-yale school of management. Positive Organizational Scholarship, 8.
Wulandari, A., & Prahara, S. A. (2023). Emotional intelegence and work engagement in married women. Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 6(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jpai.v6i3.45759.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). A diary study on the happy worker: How job resources relate to positive emotions and personal resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(4), 489–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.584386.
Yu, A., & Jyawali, H. (2021). Job crafting as dynamic displays of gender identities and meanings in male-dominated occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, 28(2), 610–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12602.
Alkasim, M. A., & Prahara, S. A. (2019). Perceived Organizational Support dengan Employee Engagement pada Karyawan. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4, 185–194.
Azzizah, R., & Ratnaningsih, I. Z. (2018). Hubungan antara job crafting dengan keterikatan kerja pada karyawan generasi y di kantor pusat PT. Bank Bukopin, TBK Jakarta. Jurnal Empati, 7(2), 167–173.
Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534.
Bakker, A. B. (2018). Job crafting among health care professionals: The role of work engagement. Journal of Nursing Management, 26(3), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12551.
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). A handbook of esseential theory and research work engagement. Psychology Press.
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2014). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471.
Cahyana, K. S., & Prahara, S. A. (2020). Work Engagement dengan Intensi Turnover pada Karyawan. Intuisi Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 12(3), 285.
Carnegie, D. (2017). Hanya 25 persen millennials yang setia kepada perusahaan. Dale Carnegie. https://www.dalecarnegie.id/sumberdaya/media/media-coverage/hanya-25-persen-millennials-yang-setia-kepada-perusahaan/.
Chrisnatalia, M., & Farren, C. (2020). Work engagement pada wanita karir (studi desktiptif). UG Jurnal, 14, 22–27.
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364.
Dalilah, F. (2021). Analisis terhadap partisipasi kerja perempuan pada sektor formal di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah.
Daly, J. (2019). Gender and job crafting: Understanding the role of gendered behaviours in the abilities and motivations to proactively craft work. BAM2019 Conference Proceedings, 1–12.
De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., De Witte, H., Niesen, W., & Van Hootegem, G. (2014). On the relation of job insecurity, job autonomy, innovative work behaviour and the mediating effect of work engagement. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(3), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12079.
Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000188.
Fuad, M. S., & Luturlean, B. S. (2021). Pengaruh jam kerja dan prokrastinasi terhadap produktivitas di kantor Kelurahan Mekarmulya. Jurnal Sistems, 8(6), 8626.
Hakiki, G., & Supriyanto, S. (2018). Profil perempuan Indonesia 2018. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak, 3–100.
Halias, D. S., & Prahara, S. A. (2020). Kepuasan Kerja dengan Employee Engagement pada Driver Ojek Online. Psyche 165 Journal, 13(1), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v13i1.62.
Harter, J. (2022). U.S. employee engagement drops for first year in a decade. Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/388481/employee-engagement-drops-first-year-decade.aspx.
Herlina, E. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesempatan kerja wanita dan implikasinya terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga di Kabupaten Cirebon. Jurnal Ekonomi Program Pascasarjana Universitas Borobudur, 18(2), 172–207. ejournal.borobudur.ac.id.
Jazilah, B. (2020). Analisis pengaruh job demand terhadap work engagement melalui burnout. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(3), 1038. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v8n3.p1038-1049.
Kirby, L. D., Morrow, J., & Yih, J. (2014). The challenge of challenge: Pursuing determination as an emotion. In Handbook of Positive Emotions (pp. 378–395). US:Guilford press.
Letona-ibañez, O., Martinez-rodriguez, S., Ortiz-marques, N., Carrasco, M., & Amillano, A. (2021). Job crafting and work engagement: The mediating role of work meaning. Environtmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105383.
Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement : tools for analysis, practice and competitive advantage (1st ed.). A John Wiley & Sons.
Mastenbroek, N. J. J. M., Jaarsma, A. D. C., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A., van Beukelen, P., & Demerouti, E. (2014). The role of personal resources in explaining well-being and performance: A study among young veterinary professionals. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.728040.
Maswita. (2017). Wanita bekerja dan mengatur keperluan keluarga. Jurnal Penelitian, Pemikiran, Dan Pengabdian, 5(2), 53–59.
Michelle, & Rostiana. (2020). Pengaruh keterikatan kerja, iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT XYZ. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(5), 191–198.
Muecke, S., Linderman-Hill, K., & Greenwald, J. M. (2020). Linking job autonomy to work engagement: The mediating role of challenge demands. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.13553abstract.
Muhammad, I. (2019). Wanita karir dalam pandangan islam. Al Wardah : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender Dan Agama, 13(1), 99–108.
Mustar, E. E. (2007). Sumber daya manusia perempuan Indonesia. Populasi, 18(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.12082.
Najla, E. A., & Prakoso, H. (2022). Pengaruh job crafting terhadap work engagement pada karyawan bagian sales Bank X. Jurnal Riset Psikologi Unisba, 2(1), 53–60.
Palundun, R. A. (2021). Hubungan antara job crafting dengan komitmen organisasi pada anggota polisi di Manado. Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta.
Prahara, S. A., Dewi, R. P., & Astuti. (2021). The Millennials: Adversity Intelligence and Work Engagement. JPAI (Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 4(3), 71–76. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JoPaI.
Prahara, S. A., Dewi, R. P., & Astuti, K. (2020). Work engagement ditinjau dari career adaptability pada karyawan milenial. Prosiding Psikologi, 4(1), 1–10.
Prahara, S. A., & Hidayat, S. (2020). Budaya organisasi dengan work engagement pada karyawan. Jurnal RAP (Riset Aktual Psikologi Universitas Negeri Padang), 10(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.24036/rapun.v10i2.106977.
Pri, R., & Zamralita, Z. (2018). Gambaran work engagement pada karyawan di PT EG (manufacturing industry). Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 1(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.981.
Rahardini, R., & Frianto, A. (2020). Hubungan job crafting terhadap keterikatan kerja melalui kepuasan kerja. BIMA : Journal of Business and Innovation Management, 3(1), 73–85.
Rakhim, A. F. (2020). Factors that cause work engagement in the millennial performance in bumn: faktor- faktor penyebab work engagement pada angkatan kerja millennial di bumn. Proceeding of The ICECRS: Educational and Psychological Conference in the 4.0 Era, 8, 1–8.
Ramadhan, A. J., Prakoso, H., & Putera, V. S. (2020). Pengaruh job crafting terhadap work engagement pada karyawan PT.X. Prosiding Psikologi, 6(2), 889–896.
Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Work engagement: what do we know and where do we go? Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000002301006.
Slemp, G. R. (2016). Job crafting. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-Based Approaches at Work, 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118977620.ch19.
Statistik, B. P. (2021). Persentase tenaga kerja formal menurut jenis kelamin (persen), 2019-2021. BPS. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/6/1170/1/persentase-tenaga-kerja-formal-menurut-jenis-kelamin.html.
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan r&d. Alfabeta.
Susilo, D. F. Z., & Prahara, S. A. (2019). Work-family enrichment dan work engagement pada karyawan yang sudah menikah. Mediapsi, 5(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2019.005.02.5.
Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.
Wantini, & Kurniati. (2013). Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi wanita bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik garmen di PT. Ameya Living Style Indonesia. JESI (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia), 3(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.21927/jesi.2013.3(1).63-76.
Wrzesniewski, A., Berg, J. M., & Dutton, J. E. (2007). What is job crafting and why does it matter? associate professor of organizational behavior-yale school of management. Positive Organizational Scholarship, 8.
Wulandari, A., & Prahara, S. A. (2023). Emotional intelegence and work engagement in married women. Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 6(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jpai.v6i3.45759.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). A diary study on the happy worker: How job resources relate to positive emotions and personal resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(4), 489–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.584386.
Yu, A., & Jyawali, H. (2021). Job crafting as dynamic displays of gender identities and meanings in male-dominated occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, 28(2), 610–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12602.
Published
2023-11-11
How to Cite
SAPUTRI, Okta Silvyana; PRAHARA, Sowanya Ardi.
Job Crafting dan Work Engagement pada Wanita Karir.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 385-393, nov. 2023.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/98747>. Date accessed: 29 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843//JPU.2023.v10.i02.p07.
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