“Apakah kami anak-anak yang memberontak?” Studi fenomenologi makna kemandirian bagi remaja generasi Z
Abstract
Generation Z adolescents as a group of individuals who know internet technology from an early age have a different autonomy from the previous generations. The autonomy experienced by generation Z adolescents is followed by behavior that is difficult to understand and sometimes misinterpreted as rebellion, for example disagreeing with their parents and doing things without the help of their parents anymore. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to analyze the meaning of autonomy for generation Z adolescents. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) technique on four adolescents (19-21 years). Based on the results of the analysis obtained the meaning of independence for generation Z adolescents, namely: (1) efforts to reduce intervention / assistance from parents; (2) differing views with parents; (3) accept the opportunity of parents to make decisions; and (4) the initiative to build work experience.
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References
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Goldstein, S. E., Davis-kean, P. E., Eccles, J. S., Bartko, T., Belansky, E., Butler, N., Chatman, C., Early, D., Lord, S., Malanchuk, O., Mccarthy, K., & Michael, A. (2005). Parents, peers, and problem behavior: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of relationship perceptions and characteristics on the development of adolescent problem behavior. Development Psychology, 41(2), 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.401
Hanna, P. (2012). Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: A research note. Qualitative Research, 12(2), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794111426607
Hazen, E., Schlozman, S., & Beresin, E. (2019). Adolescent pyschological development: A review. Adolescent Medicine, 29(5), 161–168.
Hermelia, H., & Ediran, D. (2021). Pemanfaatan media sosial dalam melakukan jual beli online melalui instagram. Jurnal Teknologi, 11(1), 24–27.
Hurlock, E. B. (1997). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Rentang Kehidupan. Erlangga.
Hurrelmann, K., & Quenzel, G. (2015). Lost in transition: Status insecurity and inconsistency as hallmarks of modern adolescence. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2013.785440
Inguglia, C., Ingoglia, S., Liga, F., & Coco, A. Lo. (2014). Autonomy and relatedness in adolescence and emerging adulthood: relationships with parental support and psychological distress. Journal of Adult Development, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-014-9196-8
Izzati, N. (2015). Motif penggunaan gadget sebagai Sarana promosi bisnis online di kalangan mahasiswa UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 2(5), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v2i5.88
Juliyanti, R., & Aizah, N. (2021). Motivasi pilihan karir bagi remaja pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Anterior Jurnal, 20(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.1661
Khotimah, K., Doriza, S., & Artanti, G. D. (2015). Perbedaan kemandirian remaja berdasarkan status pekerjaan ibu. Jurnal FamilyEdu, 1(2), 99–120.
Köpke, S. (2012). Identity development and separation-individuation in relationships between young adults and their parents–A conceptual integration (Issue August). Humboldt University Berlin.
Kuhn, E. S., & Laird, R. D. (2011). Individual differences in early adolescents’ beliefs in the legitimacy of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 47(5), 1353–1365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024050
Larson, R. W., Wilson, S., & Mortimer, J. T. (2002). Conclusions: Adolescents’ preparation for the future. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12(1), 159–166.
Liu, X., Cui, L., Wu, H., Liu, B., & Y, Y. (2022). Profiles and transition of mental health problems among Chinese adolescents : The predictive role of friendship quality, parental autonomy support, and psychological control. Journal of Adolescence, 94(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12002
Maulida, S., Nurlaila, & Hasanah, U. (2017). Hubungan kelekatan orang tua dengan kemandirian remaja. KKP : Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan, 4(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP
Nugraheni, M., Rahayu, M., & Arianti, R. (2020). Penyesuaian mahasiswa tahun pertama di perguruan tinggi: Studi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi UKSW. Jurnal Psikologi Sains Dan Profesi, 4(2), 73–84. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30138/
Nuzulita, N., & Subriadi, A. P. (2019). The role of risk-benefit and privacy analysis to understand different uses of social media by Generations X , Y , and Z in Indonesia. E J Info Sys Dev Countries, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12122
Omatseye, B. O. J. (2007). The adolescent quest for autonomy: Renegotiating a cordial relationship. College Student Journal, 41, 623–630.
Pérez, J. C., & Cumsille, P. (2012). Adolescent temperament and parental control in the development of the adolescent decision making in a Chilean sample. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 659–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.09.002
Putra, Y. S. (2016). Theoritical review: Teori perbedaan generasi. Among Makarti, 19(18), 123–134.
Qonitatin, N., Faturochman, F., Helmi, A. F., & Kartowagiran, B. (2020). Relasi remaja – orang tua dan ketika teknologi masuk di dalamnya. Buletin Psikologi, 28(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.44372
Roche, K. M., Lambert, S. F., White, R. M. B., Calzada, E. J., Little, T. D., Kuperminc, G. P., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2019). Autonomy-related parenting processes and adolescent adjustment in latinx immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01010-5
Rosidah, N. (2017). Perbandingan kemandirian mahasiswa yang tinggal bersama orang tua dengan mahasiswa yang tidak tinggal bersama orang tua sebagai wujud pembentukkan warga negara yang baik (Studi deskriptif komparatif kuantitatif mahasiswa PPKn Universitas Pasundan Bandung) [Universitas Pasundan]. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30138/
Ruggeri, A., Gummerum, M., & Hanoch, Y. (2014). Braving difficult choices alone: Children’s and adolescents’ medical decision making. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103287
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of instrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1042-6_4
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2015). Self-determination theory. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 21, pp. 486–491). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.26036-4
Sandardos, S. S., & Chambers, T. P. (2019). “ It ’ s not about sport, it ’ s about you ” : An interpretative phenomenological analysis of mentoring elite athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 43, 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.02.003
Santosa, A. W. U., & Marheni, A. (2013). Perbedaan kemandirian berdasarkan tipe pola asuh orang tua pada siswa SMP Negeri di Denpasar. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 1(1), 54–62.
Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. Jossey-Bass.
Seemiller, Corey, & Grace, M. (2017). Generation Z: Educating and engaging the next generation of students. American College Personnel Association and Wiley Online Library, 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.21293
Smith, J. A. (2014). Psikologi Kualitatif (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Smith, J. A. (2019). Participants and researchers searching for meaning: Conceptual developments for interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 16(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2018.1540648
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and Outcomes of self-determination in 3 life domains: The role of parents’ and teachers’ autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y
Steinberg, Laurence, & Lerner, R. M. (2004). Adolescent Psychology (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steinberg, Laurences. (2002). Adolescence (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Tran, S. P., & Raffaelli, M. (2019). Configurations of autonomy and relatedness in a multiethnic U . S . sample of parent – Adolescent dyads. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12517
Valentine, K. D., Kopcha, T. J., & Vagle, M. D. (2018). Phenomenological methodologies in the field of educational communications and technology. TechTrends, 62(5), 462–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0317-2
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Collins, W. A. (2006). Developmental Patterns and Processes. In G. R. Adams & M. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook Of Adolescence (pp. 175–204). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
AP2TPI, & HIMPSI. (2021). Panduan Tele-Asesmen, Tele-Intervensi dan Tele-Supervisi Praktik Pendidikan Profesi Psikologi.
Barth, F. D. (2015). Social media and adolescent development: Hazards , pitfalls and opportunities for growth. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-014-0501-6
Bödvarsdóttir, Í., & Elklit, A. (2007). Victimization and PTSD-like states in an Icelandic youth probability sample. BMC Psychiatry, 7, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-7-51
Boykin, M. K., Allen, J. J., Stephenson, J. C., & Hare, A. L. (2009). Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Adolescent Psychology (pp. 358–403). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bukobza, G. (2009). Relations between rebelliousness, risk-taking behavior, and identity status during emerging adulthood. International Journal of Theory and Research, 9(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283480802676932
Choi, O. joo, Choi, J., & Kim, J. ho. (2019). A longitudinal study of the effects of negative parental child-rearing attitudes and positive peer relationships on social withdrawal during adolescence: An application of a multivariate latent growth model. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1670684
Cypress, B. (2018). Qualitative research methods: A phenomenological focus. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 37(6), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000322
De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Developmental changes in adolescents’ perceptions of relationships with their parents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9286-7
Fitriyani, P. (2018). Pendidikan karakter bagi generasi z. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ke- 7 Asosiasi Program Pascasarjana Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah „Aisyiyah (APPPTMA), 307–314.
Fousiani, K., Dimitropoulou, P., Michaelides, M. P., & Van Petegem, S. (2016). Perceived parenting and adolescent cyber-bullying: Examining the intervening role of autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction, empathic concern and recognition of humanness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 2120–2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0401-1
Frobel, W., Grafe, N., Meigen, C., Vogel, M., Hiemisch, A., Kiess, W., & Poulain, T. (2022). Substance use in childhood and adolescence and its associations with quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties. BMC Public Health, 22, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12586-2
Georgiou, G. K. (2019). Child and adolescent development in china: Not that different from western countries after all? New directions for child And adolescent development. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 163, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20270
Goldstein, S. E., Davis-kean, P. E., Eccles, J. S., Bartko, T., Belansky, E., Butler, N., Chatman, C., Early, D., Lord, S., Malanchuk, O., Mccarthy, K., & Michael, A. (2005). Parents, peers, and problem behavior: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of relationship perceptions and characteristics on the development of adolescent problem behavior. Development Psychology, 41(2), 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.401
Hanna, P. (2012). Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: A research note. Qualitative Research, 12(2), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794111426607
Hazen, E., Schlozman, S., & Beresin, E. (2019). Adolescent pyschological development: A review. Adolescent Medicine, 29(5), 161–168.
Hermelia, H., & Ediran, D. (2021). Pemanfaatan media sosial dalam melakukan jual beli online melalui instagram. Jurnal Teknologi, 11(1), 24–27.
Hurlock, E. B. (1997). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Rentang Kehidupan. Erlangga.
Hurrelmann, K., & Quenzel, G. (2015). Lost in transition: Status insecurity and inconsistency as hallmarks of modern adolescence. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2013.785440
Inguglia, C., Ingoglia, S., Liga, F., & Coco, A. Lo. (2014). Autonomy and relatedness in adolescence and emerging adulthood: relationships with parental support and psychological distress. Journal of Adult Development, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-014-9196-8
Izzati, N. (2015). Motif penggunaan gadget sebagai Sarana promosi bisnis online di kalangan mahasiswa UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 2(5), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v2i5.88
Juliyanti, R., & Aizah, N. (2021). Motivasi pilihan karir bagi remaja pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Anterior Jurnal, 20(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.1661
Khotimah, K., Doriza, S., & Artanti, G. D. (2015). Perbedaan kemandirian remaja berdasarkan status pekerjaan ibu. Jurnal FamilyEdu, 1(2), 99–120.
Köpke, S. (2012). Identity development and separation-individuation in relationships between young adults and their parents–A conceptual integration (Issue August). Humboldt University Berlin.
Kuhn, E. S., & Laird, R. D. (2011). Individual differences in early adolescents’ beliefs in the legitimacy of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 47(5), 1353–1365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024050
Larson, R. W., Wilson, S., & Mortimer, J. T. (2002). Conclusions: Adolescents’ preparation for the future. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12(1), 159–166.
Liu, X., Cui, L., Wu, H., Liu, B., & Y, Y. (2022). Profiles and transition of mental health problems among Chinese adolescents : The predictive role of friendship quality, parental autonomy support, and psychological control. Journal of Adolescence, 94(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12002
Maulida, S., Nurlaila, & Hasanah, U. (2017). Hubungan kelekatan orang tua dengan kemandirian remaja. KKP : Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan, 4(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP
Nugraheni, M., Rahayu, M., & Arianti, R. (2020). Penyesuaian mahasiswa tahun pertama di perguruan tinggi: Studi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi UKSW. Jurnal Psikologi Sains Dan Profesi, 4(2), 73–84. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30138/
Nuzulita, N., & Subriadi, A. P. (2019). The role of risk-benefit and privacy analysis to understand different uses of social media by Generations X , Y , and Z in Indonesia. E J Info Sys Dev Countries, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12122
Omatseye, B. O. J. (2007). The adolescent quest for autonomy: Renegotiating a cordial relationship. College Student Journal, 41, 623–630.
Pérez, J. C., & Cumsille, P. (2012). Adolescent temperament and parental control in the development of the adolescent decision making in a Chilean sample. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 659–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.09.002
Putra, Y. S. (2016). Theoritical review: Teori perbedaan generasi. Among Makarti, 19(18), 123–134.
Qonitatin, N., Faturochman, F., Helmi, A. F., & Kartowagiran, B. (2020). Relasi remaja – orang tua dan ketika teknologi masuk di dalamnya. Buletin Psikologi, 28(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.44372
Roche, K. M., Lambert, S. F., White, R. M. B., Calzada, E. J., Little, T. D., Kuperminc, G. P., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2019). Autonomy-related parenting processes and adolescent adjustment in latinx immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01010-5
Rosidah, N. (2017). Perbandingan kemandirian mahasiswa yang tinggal bersama orang tua dengan mahasiswa yang tidak tinggal bersama orang tua sebagai wujud pembentukkan warga negara yang baik (Studi deskriptif komparatif kuantitatif mahasiswa PPKn Universitas Pasundan Bandung) [Universitas Pasundan]. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30138/
Ruggeri, A., Gummerum, M., & Hanoch, Y. (2014). Braving difficult choices alone: Children’s and adolescents’ medical decision making. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103287
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of instrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1042-6_4
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2015). Self-determination theory. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 21, pp. 486–491). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.26036-4
Sandardos, S. S., & Chambers, T. P. (2019). “ It ’ s not about sport, it ’ s about you ” : An interpretative phenomenological analysis of mentoring elite athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 43, 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.02.003
Santosa, A. W. U., & Marheni, A. (2013). Perbedaan kemandirian berdasarkan tipe pola asuh orang tua pada siswa SMP Negeri di Denpasar. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 1(1), 54–62.
Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. Jossey-Bass.
Seemiller, Corey, & Grace, M. (2017). Generation Z: Educating and engaging the next generation of students. American College Personnel Association and Wiley Online Library, 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.21293
Smith, J. A. (2014). Psikologi Kualitatif (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Smith, J. A. (2019). Participants and researchers searching for meaning: Conceptual developments for interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 16(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2018.1540648
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and Outcomes of self-determination in 3 life domains: The role of parents’ and teachers’ autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y
Steinberg, Laurence, & Lerner, R. M. (2004). Adolescent Psychology (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steinberg, Laurences. (2002). Adolescence (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Tran, S. P., & Raffaelli, M. (2019). Configurations of autonomy and relatedness in a multiethnic U . S . sample of parent – Adolescent dyads. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12517
Valentine, K. D., Kopcha, T. J., & Vagle, M. D. (2018). Phenomenological methodologies in the field of educational communications and technology. TechTrends, 62(5), 462–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0317-2
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Collins, W. A. (2006). Developmental Patterns and Processes. In G. R. Adams & M. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook Of Adolescence (pp. 175–204). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Published
2022-04-30
How to Cite
SURAHMAN, Surahman.
“Apakah kami anak-anak yang memberontak?” Studi fenomenologi makna kemandirian bagi remaja generasi Z.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 84-93, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/71297>. Date accessed: 16 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2022.v09.i01.p09.
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