Pengelolaan Stres dan Peningkatan Produktivitas Kerja selama Work From Home pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Abstract
Ketika pandemi COVID-19 menyebar secara global, pedoman kesehatan masyarakat menyarankan semua karyawan untuk bekerja dari rumah (WFH). Di Indonesia, belum banyak perusahaan yang menerapkan WFH sebelumnya dikarenakan praktik manajemen yang masih tradisional, tentu penyesuaian terhadap WFH merupakan pengalaman baru untuk sebagian besar karyawan. Sementara itu, sebagian besar penelitian yang diulas mengenai dampak karantina melaporkan efek psikologis negatif pada individu termasuk gejala stres, kebingungan, dan kemarahan. Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kembali pengaruh sikap fleksibilitas kerja terhadap WFH melalui flexibility working options terhadap produktivitas kerja selama masa karantina Pandemik COVID-19 dan menguji strategi coping stress sebagai moderator pada hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 421 karyawan yang bekerja secara WFH pada sektor swasta, publik dan pemerintah di Indonesia. Responden dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara online. Pengujian efek moderasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik moderated regression analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi koping memoderasi hubungan secara positif, sehingga hubungan antara fleksibilitas kerja dan produktivitas kerja semakin meningkat ketika karyawan menerapkan mekanisme koping yang berfokus pada masalah untuk mengendalikan stresor dan menjaga produktivitas kerja mereka selama pandemi COVID-19.
When the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, public health guidelines recommend all workers to work from home (WFH). In Indonesia, not many companies have implemented WFH before because of traditional management practices, of course adjusting to WFH is a new experience for most workers. Meanwhile, most of the studies reviewed regarding the effects of quarantine reported negative psychological effects including symptoms of stress, confusion, and anger. Based on this situation, this study aims to review the influence of work flexibility attitudes towards WFH through flexibility working options on work productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic quarantine period and test the coping strategy as a moderator on the relationship between the two variables. This study involved 421 working from home employees in the private sector, public sectors and government in Indonesia. Participants were taken using convenience sampling techniques through the distribution of questionnaires online. Testing for moderation effects is done by using moderated regression analysis (MRA) technique. The results show that coping strategy positively moderates the relationship, such that the relationship between flexibility working options and work productivity is increasing when employee implement coping mechanisms that focus on problems for control stressors and maintain their work productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Downloads
References
Beauregard, T. A., & Henry, L. C. (2009).Making the link
between work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 9-22.
Bloom, N, J Liang, J Roberts, and Z Jenny Ying (2015), “Does Working from HomeWork? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(1): 165-218.
Battiston, D, J Blanes I Vidal, and T Kirchmaier (2017), “Is Distance Dead? Face-to-Face Communication and Productivity in Teams.” CEPR Discussion Paper No. 11924.
Carver, S.C., Scheier, F.M., & Weintraub, K.J. (1989). Assesing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 56, No 2. 0022-3514/89
Christensen, K.E. & Staines, G.L. 1990, ‘Flextime: A viable solution to work/family conflict?’ Journal of Family Issues, vol. 11, pp. 455–76.
Dahlan, W. (2005). Model Proses Stres dengan Tiga Strategi Coping. (Disertasi Doktor Tidak Dipublikasikan). Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Donald, I, Taylor P, Johnson S,Cartwright S, & Robertson, (2005). Work environments, stress, and productivity: An examination using asset.. International Journal of Stress Management Copyright. 12. 409-423.
Dutcher, E G (2012), “The Effects of Telecommuting on Productivity: An Experimental Examination. The Role of Dull and Creative Tasks.”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 84(1): 55-363.
Endicott J, Nee J (1997). Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS): a new measure to assess treatment effects. Psychopharmacol Bull.;33:13–6.
Fako, T.T. 2010. Occupational Stress among University Employees in Botswana. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (3): 313-326
Gan, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., 2004. Flexible coping responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related and daily life stressful events. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 7, 55–66.
Gajendran, R.S., Harrison, D.A., and Delaney-Klinger, K. (2015) ‘Are telecommuters remotely good citizens? Unpacking telecommuting's effects on performance via i-deals and job resources’, Personnel Psychology, Vol 68, Issue 2: pp 353–393
Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 20 edisi 6. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Greenberg. (2002). Handbook Of Stress In Multi Settings. New York: John Willey & Sons
Greenhaus, J. H., Powel, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: a theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, Vol 31, No 1, 72-92.
Hardicki, Lutfi Novem (2016) Perbedaan Produktivitas Kerja Ditinjau Dari Strategi Coping. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Hopman, J., Allegranzi, B., Mehtar, S., (2020). Managing COVID-19 in low-and middleincome countries. JAMA E1–E2.
Institute for Corporate Productivity (2020) “The corona virus employer resource center”, (diakses tanggal 27 Juli 2020) dari https://www.i4cp.com/search/productivity?categories=coronavirus,coronavirus-practice
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2020). National Health Care Guideline for Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) in Indonesia (Jakarta)
Kirrane, E.D., (1994). Wanted: Flexible work arrangements. Association Management, 16, 38-46.
Klassen, Robert M. 2010. Effects on teacher self efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience and job stres. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102 (3): 741-756
Lambert, A. D., Marler, J. H., & Gueutal, H. G. (2008). Individual differences: Factors affecting employee utilization of flexible work arrangements. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 107-117.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York:Springer.
Lazar, I., Osoian, C., Ratiu, P. (2010). The Role of Work-Life Balance Practices in Order to Improve Organizational Performance. European Research Studies, Volume XIII, Issue (1).
Lee, C. (1991), ‘Balancing work and family’, Training, vol. 28, pp. 23–8.
Lee-Baggley, D., DeLongis, A., Voorhoeave, P., Greenglass, E.,2004. Coping with the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome: role of threat appraisals and coping responses in health behaviors. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 7, 9–23.
Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet 2020.
Parris, M.A., Vickers, M.H. & Wilkes, L. (2008). Caught in the middle: organisational impediments to middle managers’ work-life-balance. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(2), 101-117.
Prati, G., Pietrantoni, L., & Cicognani, E. (2011). Coping Strategies and Collective Efficacy as bersyuks Between Stress Appraisal and Quality of Life among Rescue Workers. Journal of Sport, Exercise, and Performance
Pruchno, R., Litchfield, L. & Fried, M. (2000). Measuring The Impact of Workplace Flexibility. Boston, MA: Boston College Center for Work and Family. Psychology. American Psychological Association, 1, 84-93, Doi: 10.1037/2157-3905.1.S.84
Pricewaterhouse Coopers International. (2020). “PwC US CFO Pulse Survey”, (diakses tanggal 26 Juli 2020) dari https://www.pwc.com/us/en/library/covid-19/pwc-covid-19-cfo-pulse-survey.html
Sharma, Subhash., Durand, Richard M., and Oded Gur-Arie (1981), Identification and Analysis of Moderator Variables. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Aug., 1981), pp. 291-300
Singhal, T., (2020). A review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J. Pediatr. 87, 281–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
Sturges, J., & Guest, D. (2004).Working to live or living to work?Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(4), 5-20.
Thomas, L. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.6
Vitaliano, P. P., Russo, J., Carr, J. E., Maiuro, R. D., & Becker, J. (1985). The Ways of Coping Checklist: Revision and psychometric properties. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 20(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2001_1
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al (2020). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020
Zukri, M. and Hassim, N. (2010). A Study of Occupational Stress, and Coping Strategies Among Correctional Officers in Kedah, Malaysia. Journal of Community Health, 16 ( 2): 66-74
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
