Mitos penderita epilepsi: Sebuah kajian psikologi dengan budaya Jawa
Abstract
Epilepsy which is known as "epileptic" disease has become controversial in Indonesia. Epilepsy in Indonesia is considered as a cursed person, a cursed child, the sins of the ancestors, and also possessed by spirits. Epilepsy is also still considered as an infectious disease and also mental illness. This makes a negative stigma against people with epilepsy and also affects the families of epilepsy sufferers. The purpose of this article is to provide a study of the myths of epilepsy sufferers from the perspective of cultural psychology. This study is expected to explain the myths of epilepsy sufferers so that there is no negative stigma against epilepsy sufferers. The myth of epilepsy is in the community because of sudden seizures, sufferers struggling, foaming at the mouth for a few minutes and then returning to normal, this is perceived as being possessed by a spirit that is in accordance with the culture of "kejawen" which is then used by some people to become a supernatural science " witchcraft "so that eventually people with epilepsy are considered as possessed by spirits. With the negative stigma towards epilepsy, Indonesia, which has a high collective culture, causes families of epileptic sufferers to try to hide illnesses from sufferers to protect, maintain the harmony of all family members. Referring to the literature, psychological approaches can be applied in the development and understanding of the myths of epileptic sufferers.
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References
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Amin, A. (2008). Collective culture and urban public space. City, 12(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810801933495
Atkinson, R., & Atkinson, C. R. H. (1981). Psikologi suatu pengantar (2nd ed.). Erlangga.
Bartolini, E., Bell, G. S., & Sander, J. W. (2011). Multicultural challenges in epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 20(3), 428–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.12.045
Braga, P., Hosny, H., Kakooza-Mwesige, A., Rider, F., Tripathi, M., & Guekht, A. (2020). How to understand and address the cultural aspects and consequences of diagnosis of epilepsy, including stigma. Epileptic Disorders, 22(5), 531–547. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2020.1201
Chaplin, J. P. (2014). Kamus lengkap psikologi. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Chia, Z. J., Jehosua, S. Y., Lim, K. S., Khosama, H., Hamid, D. H., Fong, S. L., & Tan, C. T. (2020). Indonesian Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale: Translation and psychometric evaluation. Epilepsy & Behavior, 103, 106833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106833
Denita, A. (2019, March 25). Mitos seputar epilepsi. WeCare.Id. https://blog.wecare.id/2019/03/mitos-seputar-epilepsi/
Hayat, B. (2012). Kontribusi Islam terhadap masa depan peradaban di Asia Tenggara. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v36i1.115
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. 2(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2307- 0919.1014
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
Jatmika, D. (2017). Hubungan budaya individualis-kolektif dan motivasi berbelanja hedonik pada masyarakat Kota Jakarta. 10(1).
Kartono, K. (2006). Psikologi wanita 1. Mandar Maju.
Kiemas, L. S., & Octaviana, F. (2012). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap orang dengan epilepsi terkait masalah pernikahan. 30(1).
Kumar, P., Nehra, D. K., & Verma, A. N. (2013). Subjective well-being and coping among people with schizophrenia and epilepsy, 4, 25–30.
Kwong, K. L., Lam, D., Tsui, S., Ngan, M., Tsang, B., Lai, T. S., & Lam, S. M. (2016). Self-esteem in adolescents with epilepsy: Psychosocial and seizure-related correlates. Epilepsy & Behavior, 63, 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.07.032
Lastarya, B. G. (2018). Komunikasi orang tua kepada anak mengenai pemilihan pasangan terkait bibit, bebet, dan bobot melalui storytelling.
Manglapy, Y. M., & Fani, T. (2018). Faktor eksternal dan internal yang mempengaruhi stigma terhadap orang dengan epilepsi di kalangan akademis. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 13(2), 155–167.
Mantovani, G. (2012). Exploring borders: Understanding culture and psychology.
Maryam, I. S. (2018). Karakteristik klinis pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Sanglah Periode Januari – Desember 2016. Callosum Neurology, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.29342/cnj.v1i3.29
Maryanti, N. C. W. (2016). Epilepsi dan budaya. Buletin Psikologi, 24(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.16358
Mawuntu, A. H. P., Mahama, C. N., Sekeon, S. A. S., Winifred, K., & Khosama, H. (2019). Kepatuhan minum obat antiepilepsi pada pasien epilepsi di Manado, Indonesia. 2(3), 19–24.
Mokgatlhe, B. P., & Schoeman, J. B. (1998). Predictors of satisfaction with life: The role of racial identity, collective self-esteem and gender-role attitudes. South African Journal of Psychology, 28(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800105
Norman, S. (1990). Studi toleransi dalam pemilihan jodoh. Masyarakat Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 3(4), 82–94.
Pasmawati, H. (2018). Fenomena gangguan kesurupan (Dalam perspektif Islam dan Psikologi). EL-AFKAR : Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Tafsir Hadis, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v7i1.1244
Rahardanto, M. S. (2017). From acute pain to intense elation: The psychological dynamics of five individuals who experienced spirit possession. 39(1), 25–45.
Ristianti, D. H. (2018). Psikologi lintas budaya. Zaky Press.
Robbins, P. S. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi. Indeks Gramedia
Safitrf, I. (2013). Kepercayaan gaib dan kejawen studi kasus pada masyarakat pesisir Kabupaten Rembang Ikha Safitrf perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya kelautan Program Magister Manajemen Suniberdaya Pantai Universitas Diponegoro. Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan, 8(1), 18–28.
Saing, J. H. (2016). Tingkat pengetahuan, perilaku, dan kepatuhan berobat orangtua dari pasien epilepsi anak di Medan. Sari Pediatri, 12(2), 103–107.
Santoso, T. (2009). Konsep waktu masyarakat Kejawen.
Sharma, S., & Agarwala, S. (2015). Self-esteem and collective self-esteem among adolescents: An interventional approach. psychological thought, 8(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v8i1.121
Shibab, M. Q. (2002). Yang tersembunyi: Jin, iblis, setan, dan malaikat dalam al-qur’an as-sunnah serta wacana pemikiran ulama masa kini dan masa lalu. Lentera Hati.
Subota, A., Khan, S., Josephson, C. B., Manji, S., Lukmanji, S., Roach, P., Wiebe, S., Buchhalter, J., Federico, P., Teskey, G. C., Lorenzetti, D. L., & Jetté, N. (2019). Signs and symptoms of the postictal period in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 94, 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.014
Suryawijaya, N., Sam, C. I., & Gelgel, A. M. (2019). Gambaran pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat tentang epilepsi di Kecamatan Kewapante, Kabupaten Sikka. Jurnal Bekala Neurologi, 2(3), 5–6.
Wahjuni, F. R. (2012). Kontroversi 101 mitos kesehatan. Penebar PLUS+.
Walgito, B. (2003). Psikologi sosial suatu pengantar. Andi Offset.
WHO. (1997). Epilepsy in the WHO South-East Asia Region. https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/epilepsy/searo_report.pdf?ua=1
Yamaguchi, A., Akutsu, S., Oshio, A., & Kim, M.-S. (2017). Effects of Cultural Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem on Well-Being. Psychological Studies, 62(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-017-0413-y
Yanti, A. (2015). Hubungan Antara Kemampuan Manajemen-diri dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Penderita Epilepsi Dewasa. Airlangga.
Published
2022-04-30
How to Cite
VALENCIA, Janice; YUWANTO, Listyo.
Mitos penderita epilepsi: Sebuah kajian psikologi dengan budaya Jawa.
Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 23-32, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2654-4024.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/62918>. Date accessed: 10 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2022.v09.i01.p03.
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