Body Mass Index and Its Impact on Speed, Mobility, and Daily Activities in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Aging in the elderly leads to various issues due to degenerative processes. These processes cause a decline in physical function, affecting walking speed, mobility, and the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Body Mass Index (BMI), as an indicator of body composition, is often associated with walking speed, mobility, and ADL in the elderly. This study aims to examine the relationship and direction of the association between BMI and walking speed, mobility, and ADL in elderly individuals.

Methods: This study employed an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach, as the data were not normally distributed. The research was conducted from March to December 2024. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 72 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. BMI was calculated based on knee height and body weight. Walking speed was measured using the 10-Meter Walking Test, mobility was assessed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and ADL was evaluated using the Barthel Index.

Results: Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between BMI and walking speed (p = 0.762). However, a significant correlation was found between BMI and mobility (p = 0.029, r = -0.258) and between BMI and ADL (p = 0.024, r = -0.267). The negative correlation suggests that higher BMI is associated with lower mobility levels and decreased independence in performing ADL among the elderly.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that BMI is not significantly associated with walking speed but has a significant relationship with mobility and independence in ADL. The negative correlation indicates that higher BMI is linked to reduced mobility and lower levels of independence in daily activities among elderly individuals.

Keywords: Activities of Daily Living, Body Mass Index, Walking Speed, Elderly