The Comparison Between Recognition to Choice of Law in International Contracts by Courts and Arbitration in Indonesia
Abstract
Rapid international commerce leads to the significant use of international contracts. As parties coming from different legal systems, parties’ choice of law is essential. This article analyzes governance of choice of law in Indonesia legal framework and performance of courts in giving recognition to the choice of law. Using a normative approach, this article finds that Indonesia does have a lacking legal framework on the choice of law. Indonesia must rely on Article 18 General Rule on Regulations for Indonesia (Alegmene Bepaligen van Wetgeving voor Indonesia /AB) which only offers lex loci actus. Consequently, courts in Indonesia have decided on the choice of law inconsistently. In contrast, it is found that in Indonesia, the BANI Arbitration Center has clearer governance of the issue. The governance by the Center might be used to develop a better governance aimed to courts in Indonesia.
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References
Book
Adolf, H. (2014). Dasar-Dasar Kontrak Internasional. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Ariyani, E. (2013). Hukum Perjanjian. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Fajar, M., & Achmad, Y. (2015). Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gautama, S. (2004). Hukum Perdata Internasional. Bandung: PT Alumni.
Sjahdeni, S. R. (2009). Kebebasan Berkontrak dan Perlindungan yang Seimbang bagi Para Pihak. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Soemitro, R. H. (1983). Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Latip, Y. D. (2002). Pilihan Hukum dan Pilihan Forum dalam Kontrak Internasional. Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Journal
Baxter, I. F. (1987). International Business and Choice of Law. The international and Comparative Law Quarterly, 92-115.
Buys, C. G. (2005). The Arbitrators' Duty to Respect the Parties' Choice of Law in Commercial Arbitration. St. John's Law Review, 59-96.
Corradi, E. D. (2015, 47, 2). A Review of Literature on Children Rights and Legal Pluralism. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 226-245.
Dickson, M. O. (2018). Party Autonomy and Justice in International Commercial Arbitration. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(1), 114-134.
Ergocmen, I. Y.-K. (2014). Early Marriages: Trends in Turkey, 1987-2008. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 12, 1707-1724.
Gretz, C. M. (1991). The Selection of Choice of Law Provisions in International Commercial Arbitration: A Case for Contractual Depecage. Northwestern Journal of International Law& Business, 12 (1), 163-186.
Harianto, D. (2016). Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak: Problematika Penerapannya dalam Kontrak Baku Antara Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, II (2), 145-156.
Henderson, A. (2014). Lex Arbitri, Procedural Law and the Seat of Arbitration, Unravelling Law of Arbitration Process. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 26, 886-910.
Hook, M. (2015). The Concept of Modal Choice of Law Rules. Journal of Private International Law, 11(2), 185-211.
Hook, M. (2016). The Choice of Law Contract. UK: Hart Publishing.
Johnston, R. (1966). Party Autonomy in Contract Specifying Foreign Law. William& Mary Law Review, 7(1), 37-60.
Jones, D. (2014). Choosing the Law or Rules of Law to Govern the Substantive Rights of the Parties. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 26, 911-941.
Kramer, L. (1990). Rethinking Choice of Law. Columbia Law Review, 90(2), 277-345.
Mekki, M. (2016). The General Principle of Contract Law in the “Ordonnance” of the Reform of Contract Law. Lousiana Law Review, 76(4), 1193-1211.
Michaels, R. (2008). Economics of Law as Choice of Law. Law and Contemporary Problems, 71(3), 73-104.
Roodt, C. (2007). Reflection on Theory, Doctrine and Method in Choice of Law. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Soutern Africa, 40(1), 76-102.
Syahrin, M. A. (2017). Refleksi Teoritik E-Contract: Hukum yang Berlaku dalam Sengketa Transaksi Bisnis Internasional yang Menggunakan E-Commerce. Jurnal Lex Librum, 3(2), 475-494.
Whinchop, M. J., & Keyes, M. (1999). The Market Tort in Private International Law. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 19(2), 215-271.
Internet
BANI. (2018, January 01). Peraturan dan Prosedur Arbitrase. Retrieved from http://www.baniarbitration.org: http://www.baniarbitration.org/assets/pdf/Peraturan%20dan%20Prosedur%20Arbitrase%20BANI%202018-INA.pdf
BPHN. (2015). Retrieved from ttps://www.bphn.go.id: https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/na_ruu_ttg_hukum_perdata_internasional_(lanjutan).pdf
BPS. (2016). Kemajuan yang Tertunda . Jakarta: BPS.
LLC, A. L. (2017, March 28). Choice of Law in International Commercial Arbitration. Retrieved from https://www.international-arbitration-attorney.com: https://www.international-arbitration-attorney.com/choice-of-law-international-arbitration/
Laws and Regulations
General Rule on Regulations for Indonesia (Alegmene Bepaligen van Wetgeving voor Indonesia (AB))
Indonesian Civil Code
Applicable Law of the Rules and Procedure of Arbitration of BANI Arbitration Center, in effect starting from 1 January 2018
Adolf, H. (2014). Dasar-Dasar Kontrak Internasional. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Ariyani, E. (2013). Hukum Perjanjian. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Fajar, M., & Achmad, Y. (2015). Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gautama, S. (2004). Hukum Perdata Internasional. Bandung: PT Alumni.
Sjahdeni, S. R. (2009). Kebebasan Berkontrak dan Perlindungan yang Seimbang bagi Para Pihak. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Soemitro, R. H. (1983). Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Latip, Y. D. (2002). Pilihan Hukum dan Pilihan Forum dalam Kontrak Internasional. Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Journal
Baxter, I. F. (1987). International Business and Choice of Law. The international and Comparative Law Quarterly, 92-115.
Buys, C. G. (2005). The Arbitrators' Duty to Respect the Parties' Choice of Law in Commercial Arbitration. St. John's Law Review, 59-96.
Corradi, E. D. (2015, 47, 2). A Review of Literature on Children Rights and Legal Pluralism. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 226-245.
Dickson, M. O. (2018). Party Autonomy and Justice in International Commercial Arbitration. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(1), 114-134.
Ergocmen, I. Y.-K. (2014). Early Marriages: Trends in Turkey, 1987-2008. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 12, 1707-1724.
Gretz, C. M. (1991). The Selection of Choice of Law Provisions in International Commercial Arbitration: A Case for Contractual Depecage. Northwestern Journal of International Law& Business, 12 (1), 163-186.
Harianto, D. (2016). Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak: Problematika Penerapannya dalam Kontrak Baku Antara Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, II (2), 145-156.
Henderson, A. (2014). Lex Arbitri, Procedural Law and the Seat of Arbitration, Unravelling Law of Arbitration Process. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 26, 886-910.
Hook, M. (2015). The Concept of Modal Choice of Law Rules. Journal of Private International Law, 11(2), 185-211.
Hook, M. (2016). The Choice of Law Contract. UK: Hart Publishing.
Johnston, R. (1966). Party Autonomy in Contract Specifying Foreign Law. William& Mary Law Review, 7(1), 37-60.
Jones, D. (2014). Choosing the Law or Rules of Law to Govern the Substantive Rights of the Parties. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 26, 911-941.
Kramer, L. (1990). Rethinking Choice of Law. Columbia Law Review, 90(2), 277-345.
Mekki, M. (2016). The General Principle of Contract Law in the “Ordonnance” of the Reform of Contract Law. Lousiana Law Review, 76(4), 1193-1211.
Michaels, R. (2008). Economics of Law as Choice of Law. Law and Contemporary Problems, 71(3), 73-104.
Roodt, C. (2007). Reflection on Theory, Doctrine and Method in Choice of Law. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Soutern Africa, 40(1), 76-102.
Syahrin, M. A. (2017). Refleksi Teoritik E-Contract: Hukum yang Berlaku dalam Sengketa Transaksi Bisnis Internasional yang Menggunakan E-Commerce. Jurnal Lex Librum, 3(2), 475-494.
Whinchop, M. J., & Keyes, M. (1999). The Market Tort in Private International Law. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 19(2), 215-271.
Internet
BANI. (2018, January 01). Peraturan dan Prosedur Arbitrase. Retrieved from http://www.baniarbitration.org: http://www.baniarbitration.org/assets/pdf/Peraturan%20dan%20Prosedur%20Arbitrase%20BANI%202018-INA.pdf
BPHN. (2015). Retrieved from ttps://www.bphn.go.id: https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/na_ruu_ttg_hukum_perdata_internasional_(lanjutan).pdf
BPS. (2016). Kemajuan yang Tertunda . Jakarta: BPS.
LLC, A. L. (2017, March 28). Choice of Law in International Commercial Arbitration. Retrieved from https://www.international-arbitration-attorney.com: https://www.international-arbitration-attorney.com/choice-of-law-international-arbitration/
Laws and Regulations
General Rule on Regulations for Indonesia (Alegmene Bepaligen van Wetgeving voor Indonesia (AB))
Indonesian Civil Code
Applicable Law of the Rules and Procedure of Arbitration of BANI Arbitration Center, in effect starting from 1 January 2018
Published
2019-12-29
How to Cite
SUSANTI, Laras.
The Comparison Between Recognition to Choice of Law in International Contracts by Courts and Arbitration in Indonesia.
Kertha Patrika, [S.l.], v. 41, n. 3, p. 170 - 188, dec. 2019.
ISSN 2579-9487.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthapatrika/article/view/51179>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
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