TRANSFIGURASI JUDICIAL RECRUITMENT PROCESS HAKIM KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI JAMINAN INDEPENDENSI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meneliti relevansi proses pemilihan hakim konstitusi terhadap independensi dari kelembagaan Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta untuk menganalisis desain pemilihan hakim konstitusi yang ideal dalam menjamin independensi hakim konstitusi.  Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat relevansi antara proses pemilihan hakim konstitusi terhadap independensi kelembagaan Mahkamah Konstitusi ditinjau berdasarkan konsep Judicial Reform Index (JRI) dengan mengacu kepada Resolusi PBB 1985 Nomor 40/32 dan Nomor 40/146, Rekomendasi Dewan Eropa mengenai Independensi Hakim, Piagam Eropa tentang Statuta Hakim, dan Standar Minimum Independensi Peradilan IBA (1982). Dengan demikian, jaminan terhadap independensi hakim konstitusi hanya dapat dipenuhi apabila mekanisme awal pengangkatan hakim telah jauh dari adanya kepentingan politik. Pembenahan terhadap mekanisme pemilihan hakim konstitusi tersebut dapat dicapai melalui keterlibatan kembali KY dalam panel seleksi hakim mengacu terhadap Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 jo. UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Penetapan Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas UU No. 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi. Pengakomodiran kembali KY dalam panel seleksi ditinjau berdasarkan 3 (tiga) pendekatan melalui teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman, yakni pendekatan substansi hukum, pendekatan struktur hukum, dan pendekatan budaya hukum.

Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Independensi Hakim, Pemilihan Hakim.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to examine the relevance of the process of selecting constitutional judges to the independence of the Constitutional Court institution, as well as to analyze the ideal design for selecting constitutional judges in ensuring the independence of constitutional judges. This study uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that there is relevance between the process of selecting constitutional judges and the institutional independence of the Constitutional Court reviewed based on the concept of the Judicial Reform Index (JRI) with reference to UN Resolution 1985 Number 40/32 and Number 40/146, the Council of Europe Recommendation on independence of judges, the European Charter on The Statute for judges, and the International Bar Assosiation Minimum Standards for Judicial Independence (1982). The guarantee of the independence of constitutional judges can only be fulfilled if the initial mechanism for appointing judges is far from political interests. Improvements to the mechanism for selecting constitutional judges can be achieved through the re-involvement of the Judicial Commission in the judge selection panel referring to Perppu Number 1 of 2013 jo. Law Number 4 of 2014 concerning the Determination of Perppu No. 1 of 2013 concerning the Second Amendment to Law no. 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court. The re-accommodation of KY in the selection panel was reviewed based on 3 (three) approaches based on Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, namely the legal substance approach, legal structure approach and legal culture approach.

Keywords: Constitutional Court, Independence of Judges, Election of Judges.