Review Artikel : Kandungan Fitokimia dan Potensi Urang Aring (Eclipta alba L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Obat Untuk Mengatasi Kebotakan (Hair Loss)
Abstrak
Tanaman Urang-Aring (Eclipta alba L.) memiliki genus Eclipta dari famili Asteraceae. Tanaman ini sejak turun temurun dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional serta diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi. Pada review ini, dibahas mengenai pengujian beberapa ekstrak dari tanaman urang-aring secara in vivo pada mencit, senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung serta aktivitas farmakologi ekstrak tanaman urang-aring. Hasilnya ekstrak ethanol, petroleum ether dan fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol dari tanaman ini dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas meningkatkan pertumbuhan rambut. Banyak studi penelitian melaporkan bahwa terdapat berbagai jenis senyawa fitokimia seperti triterpene, saponin, flavonoid, thiophene, kumestan, kumarin dan steroid dalam tanaman ini. Diantara senyawa tersebut, wedelolactone dan ?-sitosterol dianggap bertanggung jawab dalam aktivitas farmakologinya mengatasi kebotakan (hair loss). Wedelolactone diketahui memiliki aktivitas menghambat ekspresi TGF-?1 berakibat pada pemanjangan folikel rambut. Sedangkan ?-sitosterol bekerja sebagai 5?-reduktase inhibitor sehingga berkontribusi dalam pengobatan alopecia androgenik.
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